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ASTM E2578-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions

Standard Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions

SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to present procedures for calculating mean sizes and standard deviations of size distributions given as histogram data (see Practice E 1617). The particle size is assumed to be the diameter of an equivalent sphere, e.g., equivalent (area/surface/volume/perimeter) diameter.
1.2 The mean sizes/diameters are defined according to the Moment-Ratio (M-R) definition system.
1.3 This practice uses SI (Systeme International) units as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2007
ICS
19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
Technical Committee
E56 - Nanotechnology
Drafting Committee
E56.02 - Physical and Chemical Characterization
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2578-07(2012) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2589-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007

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ASTM E2578-07 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard Deviations of Particle Size DistributionsASTM E2578-07 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions
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ASTM E2578-07 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2578–07
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard
1
Deviations of Particle Size Distributions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 equivalent diameter, n—diameter of a circle or sphere
whichbehavesliketheobservedparticlerelativetoordeduced
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to present procedures for
from a chosen property.
calculating mean sizes and standard deviations of size distri-
3.1.3 geometric standard deviation, n—exponential of the
butions given as histogram data (see Practice E1617). The
standard deviation of the distribution of log-transformed par-
particle size is assumed to be the diameter of an equivalent
ticle sizes.
sphere, e.g., equivalent (area/surface/volume/perimeter) diam-
3.1.4 histogram, n—a diagram of rectangular bars propor-
eter.
tional in area to the frequency of particles within the particle
1.2 The mean sizes/diameters are defined according to the
2,3,4
size intervals of the bars.
Moment-Ratio (M-R) definition system.
3.1.5 lognormal distribution, n—a distribution of particle
1.3 This practice uses SI (Système International) units as
size, whose logarithm has a normal distribution; the left tail of
standard.
alognormaldistributionhasasteepslopeonalinearsizescale,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
whereas the right tail decreases gradually.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 mean particle size/diameter, n—size or diameter of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hypothetical particle such that a population of particles having
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thatsize/diameterhas,forapurposeinvolved,propertieswhich
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are equal to those of a population of particles with different
2. Referenced Documents sizes/diameters and having that size/diameter as a mean
5
size/diameter.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 moment of a distribution, n—a moment is the mean
E1617 Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization
value of a power of the particle sizes (the 3rd moment is
Data
proportional to the mean volume of the particles).
3. Terminology
3.1.8 normal distribution, n—a distribution which is also
known as Gaussian distribution and as bell-shaped curve
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
because the graph of its probability density resembles a bell.
3.1.1 diameter distribution, n—the distribution by diameter
3.1.9 number distribution, n—the distribution by number of
of particles as a function of their size.
particles as a function of their size.
3.1.10 order of mean diameter, n—thesumofthesubscripts
1
p and q of the mean diameter D .
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E56 on Nanotech-
p,q
nologyandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE56.02onCharacterization:
3.1.11 particle, n—a discrete piece of matter.
Physical, Chemical, and Toxicological Properties.
3.1.12 particle diameter/size, n—some consistent measure
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. DOI:
of the spatial extent of a particle (see equivalent diameter).
10.1520/E2578-07.
2
Alderliesten, M., “Mean Particle Diameters. Part I: Evaluation of Definition 3.1.13 particle size distribution, n—adescriptionofthesize
Systems,” Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 7, 1990, pp. 233-241.
and frequency of particles in a population.
3
Alderliesten, M., “Mean Particle Diameters. From Statistical Definition to
3.1.14 population, n—a set of particles concerning which
Physical Understanding,” J. Biopharm.Statist., 15, 2005, pp. 295-325.
4
statistical inferences are to be drawn, based on a representative
Mugele, R. A., Evans, H. D., “Droplet Size Distribution in Sprays,” Ind. Eng.
Chem., 43, 1951, pp. 1317-1324.
sample taken from the population.
5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.15 sample, n—a part of a population of particles.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.16 standard deviation, n—most widely used measure of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the width of a frequency distribution.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2578–07
3.1.17 surface distribution, n—the distribution by surface the particle sizes D equals the exponent
...

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3.1 This test method is used to determine the grading of aggregates extracted from asphalt mixtures. The results are used to determine compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable specifications requirements, and to provide necessary data for control of the production of various aggregates to be used in asphalt mixtures.
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5.1 The ability to correlate results of analyzers to sieve sets enables the use of non-sieve methods to be employed that give comparable results to each other.  
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SCOPE
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1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in Practice D6026 are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
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5.1 This practice is primarily used in the horticulture industry to separates peat material into arbitrary fractions based on particle size. Physical separation of peat material according to particle size provides a useful indicator of the properties of a peat specimen such as pore space and degree of decomposition for unprocessed peat. It also provides a means of determining the amount of foreign matter not in a divided state such as sticks, stones, and glass.
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SCOPE
1.1 Peat materials consist of particles with various sizes. This practice covers the separation of peat particles into coarse, medium, and fine size fractions using the 2.36 mm (No. 8) and 0.850 mm (No. 20) sieves equipped with cover and bottom pan. This practice is applicable for peat materials used in the horticultural industry and can be used to verify the degree of decomposition of peat and to determine the foreign matter content.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any...

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ASTM D4513-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Sieving

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4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions of catalysts and supports for materials specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of catalytic powder material using a sieving instrument and is one of several found valuable for the measurement of particle size. This test method is particularly suitable for particles in the 20 to 420 μm range. (See Terminology D3766.)  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—In 5.2, mesh size is the standard unit of measure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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