ASTM D2132-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
Standard Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Method—Electrical insulation in service can fail as a result of tracking, erosion, or a combination of both, if exposed to high relative humidity and contamination environments. This is particularly true of organic insulations in outdoor applications where the surface of the insulation becomes contaminated by deposits of moisture and dirt, for example, coal dust or salt spray. This test method is an accelerated test that simulates extremely severe outdoor contamination. It is believed that the most severe conditions likely to be encountered in outdoor service in the United States will be relatively mild compared to the conditions specified in this test method.
Test Results—Materials can be classified by this test method as tracking-resistant, tracking-affected, or tracking-susceptible. The exact test values for these categories as they apply to specific uses will be specified in the appropriate material specifications, but guideline figures are suggested in Note 3. Tracking-resistant materials, unless erosion failure occurs first, can last many hundreds of hours (Note 4). Erosion, though it can progress laterally, generally results in a failure perpendicular to the specimen surface. Therefore, only specimens of the same nominal thickness can be compared for resistance to tracking-induced erosion. The extent of erosion can be estimated from measurements of the depth of penetration of the erosion. Materials that are not tracking-susceptible can be placed in three broad categorieserosion-resistant, erosion-affected, and erosion-susceptible. When the standard thickness specimen is tested, the following times to failure typify the categories (Note 5):
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test Methods and D2303 may also be used to evaluate materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard, except in cases where SI units are more appropriate. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 12.4.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D2132 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2132; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid elec- 3.1 Definitions:
trical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the 3.1.1 For definitions pertinent to this test method see Ter-
action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface minology D1711.
films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test
4. High Voltage Hazard
Methods D2302 and D2303 may also be used to evaluate
4.1 Lethal voltages are a potential hazard during the perfor-
materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard, mance of this test. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all
associated equipment electrically connected to it, be properly
exceptincaseswhereSIunitsaremoreappropriate.Thevalues
in parentheses are for information only. designed and installed for safe operation. Solidly ground all
electrically conductive parts which it is possible for a person to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the contactduringthetest.Providemeansforuseatthecompletion
of any test to ground any parts which were at high voltage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- during the test or have the potential for acquiring an induced
charge during the test or retaining a charge even after discon-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in 12.4. nection of the voltage source.Thoroughly instruct all operators
as to the correct procedures for performing tests safely. When
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
making high voltage tests, particularly in compressed gas or in
oil, it is possible for the energy released at breakdown to be
2. Referenced Documents
sufficient to result in fire, explosion, or rupture of the test
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chamber. Design test equipment, test chambers, and test
D709 Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
specimens so as to minimize the possibility of such occur-
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
rences and to eliminate the possibility of personal injury. If the
D2302 Method of Test for Differential Wet Tracking Resis-
potential for fire exists, have fire suppression equipment
tance of Electrical Insulating Materials with Controlled
available. See section 12.
3
Water-to-Metal Discharges
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-
5. Summary of Test Method
Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
5.1 With electrodes mounted as shown in Fig. 1, coat test
specimens with a synthetic dust and test in a chamber shown in
Fig. 2. Direct a water spray at the test specimen. After the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
surface has been wetted, apply a 60-Hz voltage between the
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
electrodes.Arcingoccursacrosslocalizedhigh-resistanceareas
Subcommittee D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings and Coverings
for Electrical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables. produced by nonuniform evaporation of the water from the
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
contaminant. These arcs produce high temperatures in the
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2132–03. DOI:
underlying insulation with resultant carbonization of most
10.1520/D2132-11.
2
organic materials. The carbonization concentrates the electric
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
field. Further carbonization can occur in the direction of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
field. In such cases, a carbon track is formed which spans the
the ASTM website.
3 distance between the electrodes and causes failure. Materials
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. that do not track can erode under the action of the arcing. Such
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2132–03 Designation: D2132 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2132; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action
of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture.Test Methods D2302
and D2303 may also be used to evaluate materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard, except in cases where SI units are more appropriate. The values in
parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 11.412.4.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D709 Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D2302 Method of Test for Differential Wet Tracking Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials with Controlled Water-to-
3
Metal Discharges
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions pertinent to this test method see Terminology D1711.
4. High Voltage Hazard
4.1 Lethal voltages are a potential hazard during the performance of this test. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all
associated equipment electrically connected to it, be properly designed and installed for safe operation. Solidly ground all
electrically conductive parts which it is possible for a person to contact during the test. Provide means for use at the completion
of any test to ground any parts which were at high voltage during the test or have the potential for acquiring an induced charge
during the test or retaining a charge even after disconnection of the voltage source. Thoroughly instruct all operators as to the
correct procedures for performing tests safely. When making high voltage tests, particularly in compressed gas or in oil, it is
possible for the energy released at breakdown to be sufficient to result in fire, explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design
test equipment, test chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize the possibility of such occurrences and to eliminate the
possibility of personal injury. If the potential for fire exists, have fire suppression equipment available. See section 12.
5. Summary of Test Method
4.15.1 With electrodes mounted as shown in Fig. 1, coat test specimens with a synthetic dust and test in a chamber shown in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings and Coverings for Electrical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2132 – 98. DOI:
10.1520/D2132-03.
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2132–03. DOI:
10.1520/D2132-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2132 – 11
Metric Equivalents
1 1
in. ⁄8 ⁄2 12
mm 3.2 12.7 25.4 50.8
FIG. 1 Test Arrangement of Electrode System
Fig. 2. Direct a water spray at the test specimen.After the
...
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