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ASTM D470-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable

Standard Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Physical tests, properly interpreted, provide information with regard to the physical properties of the insulation or jacket. The physical test values give an approximation of how the insulation will physically perform in its service life. Physical tests provide useful data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejection under specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing crosslinked insulations and jackets for wire and cable. To determine the test to be made on the particular insulation or jacket, refer to the product specification for that type. These test methods do not apply to the class of products known as flexible cords.  
1.2 In many instances the insulation or jacket cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated or jacketed wire or cable in these test methods solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation or jacket and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.3 These test methods appear in the following sections:    
Test Method  
Section(s)  
AC and DC Voltage Withstand Tests  
22 to 29  
Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Tests  
38 to 44  
Cold Bend  
124  
Cold Bend, Long-time Voltage Test on Short Specimens  
51 to 57  
Double AC Voltage Test on Short Specimens  
45 to 50  
Electrical Tests of Insulation  
17 to 64  
Heat Distortion Test  
123  
Horizontal Flame Test  
100
(Test Method D7936)  
Insulation Resistance Tests on Completed Cable  
30 to 37  
Mineral Filler Content, Determination of  
107 to 111  
Ozone Resistance Test  
87 to 99  
Partial-Discharge Test  
58 to 64  
Physical Tests of Insulation and Jacket Compounds  
5 to 16  
Surface Resistivity Test  
112 to 116  
Track Resistance Test  
125 to 128  
U-Bend Discharge Test  
117 to 121  
Water Absorption Test  
65 to 71  
Water Absorption Test, Accelerated  
72 to 86  
Water Absorption Test on Fibrous Coverings  
101 to 106  
1.4 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in the parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 4.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jan-2021
ICS
29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.07 - Electrical Insulating Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D470-21 - Standard Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and CableASTM D470-21 - Standard Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable
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REDLINE ASTM D470-21 - Standard Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and CableREDLINE ASTM D470-21 - Standard Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D470 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
1
Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D470; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing cross-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
linked insulations and jackets for wire and cable.To determine
For specific hazards see Section 4.
the test to be made on the particular insulation or jacket, refer
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
totheproductspecificationforthattype.Thesetestmethodsdo
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
not apply to the class of products known as flexible cords.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 In many instances the insulation or jacket cannot be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Therefore, tests are done on insulated or jacketed wire or cable
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
in these test methods solely to determine the relevant property
of the insulation or jacket and not to test the conductor or
2. Referenced Documents
completed cable.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 These test methods appear in the following sections:
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Test Method Section(s)
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
at Commercial Power Frequencies
AC and DC Voltage Withstand Tests 22 to 29
Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Tests 38 to 44 D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
Cold Bend 124
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
Cold Bend, Long-time Voltage Test on Short Specimens 51 to 57
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Double AC Voltage Test on Short Specimens 45 to 50
Electrical Tests of Insulation 17 to 64 Insulating Materials
Heat Distortion Test 123
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
Horizontal Flame Test 100
tic Elastomers—Tension
(Test Method
D7936)
D454TestMethodforRubberDeteriorationbyHeatandAir
Insulation Resistance Tests on Completed Cable 30 to 37
Pressure
Mineral Filler Content, Determination of 107 to 111
D572Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and
Ozone Resistance Test 87 to 99
Partial-Discharge Test 58 to 64
Oxygen
Physical Tests of Insulation and Jacket Compounds 5 to 16
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
Surface Resistivity Test 112 to 116
Oven
Track Resistance Test 125 to 128
U-Bend Discharge Test 117 to 121 D1193Specification for Reagent Water
Water Absorption Test 65 to 71
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Water Absorption Test, Accelerated 72 to 86
D2132Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion
Water Absorption Test on Fibrous Coverings 101 to 106
Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
1.4 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different
D3755Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
the parentheses are for information only.
Under Direct-Voltage Stress
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5423Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ov-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D09.07 on Electrical Insulating Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D470–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0470-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D470 − 13 D470 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
1
Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D470; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing crosslinked insulations and jackets for wire and cable. To determine the test
to be made on the particular insulation or jacket, refer to the product specification for that type. These test methods do not apply
to the class of products known as flexible cords.
1.2 In many instances the insulation or jacket cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore,
tests are done on insulated or jacketed wire or cable in these test methods solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation
or jacket and not to test the conductor or completed cable.
1.3 The procedures These test methods appear in the following sections:
Sections
AC and DC Voltage Withstand Tests 22 to 29
Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Tests 38 to 44
Cold Bend 128
Cold Bend, Long-Time Voltage Test on Short Specimens 51 to 57
Double AC Voltage Test on Short Specimens 45 to 50
Electrical Tests of Insulation 17 to 64
Heat Distortion Test 127
Horizontal Flame Test 100 to 104
Insulation Resistance Tests on Completed Cable 30 to 37
Mineral Filler Content, Determination of 111 to 115
Ozone Resistance Test 87 to 99
Partial-Discharge Test 58 to 64
Physical Tests of Insulation and Jacket Compounds 5 to 16
Surface Resistivity Test 116 to 120
Track Resistance Test 129 to 132
U-Bend Discharge Test 121 to 125
Water Absorption Test 65 to 71
Water Absorption Test, Accelerated 72 to 86
Water Absorption Test on Fibrous Coverings 105 to 110
Test Method Section(s)
AC and DC Voltage Withstand Tests 22 to 29
Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Tests 38 to 44
Cold Bend 124
Cold Bend, Long-time Voltage Test on Short Specimens 51 to 57
Double AC Voltage Test on Short Specimens 45 to 50
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.07 on Electrical Insulating Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013Jan. 15, 2021. Published February 2013February 2021. Originally approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 20052013
as D470 – 05.D470 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D0470-13. 10.1520/D0470-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D470 − 21
Electrical Tests of Insulation 17 to 64
Heat Distortion Test 123
Horizontal Flame Test 100
(Test Method
D7936)
Insulation Resistance Tests on Completed Cable 30 to 37
Mineral Filler Content, Determination of 107 to 111
Ozone Resistance Test 87 to 99
Partial-Discharge Test 58 to 64
Physical Tests of Insulation and Jacket Compounds 5 to 16
Surface Resistivity Test 112 to 116
Track Resistance Test 125 to 128
U-Bend Discharge Test 117 to 121
Water Absorption Test 65 to 71
Water Absorption Test, Accelerated 72 to 86
Water Absorption Test on Fibrous Coverings 101 to 106
1.4 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in the
parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Sol
...

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1.2 These test methods are based on IEC Publication 60216-4-1, and are technically identical to it. This compilation of test methods and an associated specification, D5423, have replaced Specification D2436.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1711-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of technical terms associated with testing and specifying solid electrical and electronic insulating materials.  
1.2 This terminology standard shall contain all definitions that are balloted specifically through Subcommittee D09.94 and through D09 main committee and that are of general interest to standards associated with electrical and electronic insulating materials. Those definitions shall be of importance to electrical and electronic insulating materials issues but need not be directly associated with a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials.  
1.3 It is intended that all definitions in this terminology standard originating in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 be identical to definitions of the same terms as printed in standards of originating technical subcommittees, with the exceptions of: (1) deletion of any part of the Discussion included in another standard that refers specifically to the use of a term in that standard; (2) figure numbers and corresponding references; and (3) in this terminology standard, a parenthetical addition of a reference to one or more technical standards in which the term is used and the year in which the term was added to this compilation.  
1.3.1 Definitions contained in this terminology standard which did not originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09, or which originated in a standard that has since been revised or withdrawn, and that have been appropriately balloted, shall also be included in this terminology standard.  
1.4 It is permissible to include symbols as part of the representation of terms, where appropriate.  
1.5 It is not intended that this terminology standard include symbols (except as noted in 1.4). It is also permissible to include acronyms and abbreviations referring directly to defined terms.  
1.6 Revisions and additions to those definitions in this terminology standard which originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 are to be made as a product of a collaborative effort between Subcommittee D09.94 and the corresponding technical subcommittee of Committee D09, with Subcommittee D09.94 providing editorial advice to the technical subcommittees.  
1.7 Each definition in this terminology standard shall be accompanied by the year in which it was first incorporated into the standard, placed at the end in parentheses. All discussions shall also carry a date; it is possible that the discussion date is different from the definition date.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3394-16(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
19.1 Apparent density affects the dielectric and physical characteristics of insulating board and is a factor in the economics of its use in apparatus. This test is useful for specification, design, and quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, usually fibrous sheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in electrical apparatus.  
1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulcanized fibre or molded laminated sheets.  
1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm).  
Note 1: For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test Methods D202.  
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:    
Sections  
ASTM Method
Reference  
Apparent Density  
18 – 23  
Aqueous Extract Characteristics  
36 – 42  
D202  
Ash Content  
43 – 46  
T 413  
Compatibility with Dielectric
Liquids  
47 – 52  
D664, D877, D924,
D971, D974, D1169,
D1500, D1816,
D3455, D3487  
Compressibility  
79 – 85  
Conditioning  
11  
D685  
Degree of Polymerization  
86 – 89  
D4243  
Dielectric Strength in Air  
53 – 59  
D149  
Dielectric Strength in Oil  
60 – 65  
D149, D2413, D3426  
Dimensions of Sheets  
12 – 17  
Moisture Content  
31 – 35  
D644  
Oil Absorption  
72 – 78  
Reports  
10  
Sampling  
6 – 9  
D3636  
Shrinkage  
24 – 30  
D644  
Tensile Properties  
66 – 71  
D202  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4063-99(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Pressboard for Electrical Insulating Purposes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers pressboard for electrical insulating purposes as well as for dielectrical or structural purposes in transformers and other electrical apparatus. Pressboards under this specification are of three types: Type 1 consists of high-purity (Grade 1.1) calendered pressboards, while Type 2 consists of normal-purity (Grades 2.1.1, 2.2.1, 2.3.1, and 2.3.2) calendered pressboards. Precompressed pressboards (Grades 3.1.1, 3.2.1, and 3.3) fall under Type 3. Not included in this specification, however, are pressboards comprised of two or more sheets laminated together using an adhesive. Pressboards shall be manufactured from unbleached kraft pulp, cotton pulp, or a combination of both, and shall conform to the thickness, density, surface texture (smooth calendered surface for Types1 and 2, and fine-textured finish for Type 3), and color (from tan to blue-gray, depending on the pressboard's grade) requirements specified. The pressboard must also be free of dirt, metal particles, and other foreign material. Tests for apparent density, thickness, moisture and ash content, aqueous extract conductivity, chloride content, tensile strength, pH of aqueous extract, dielectric strength in air and in oil, shrinkage, and compressibility shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pressboard for electrical insulating purposes, manufactured from kraft, cotton, or kraft and cotton pulps. This board is intended for dielectrical or structural purposes in transformers and other electrical apparatus.  
1.2 Electrical insulating boards are most commonly referred to (and will be referred to herein) as pressboard. Other terms used for pressboard include transformer board, fuller board, and presspan.  
1.3 This specification covers pressboard having a nominal thickness of 0.030 to 0.315 in. (0.8 to 8.0 mm). For thinner material refer to Specification D1305.  
1.4 The maximum thickness available will differ with the type and the manufacturer. The maximum sheet size will differ with the thickness, type, and manufacturer.  
1.5 Pressboard shall normally be plied wet without pasting. Unless specified by the purchaser, this specification does not include pressboard comprised of two or more sheets that have been laminated together using an adhesive.
Note 1: The materials described in this specification are similar to corresponding types of pressboard described in IEC Specification 641-3, Sheet 1, Types B.0.1, B.2.1, B.2.3, B.3.1, and B.3.3.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2275-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges (Corona) on the Surface

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of the endurance used to compare different materials to the action of corona on the external surfaces. A poor result on this test does not indicate that the material is a poor selection for use at high voltage or at high voltage stress in the absence of surface corona; surface corona is not the same as corona that occurs in internal cavities. (See Test Methods D3382.)  
5.2 This test method is also useful for comparison between materials of the same relative thickness. When agreed upon between the buyer and the seller, it is acceptable to express any differences in terms of relative time to failure or the magnitude of voltage stress (kV/mm or kV/in.) required to produce failure in a specified number of hours.  
5.3 It is possible for this test method to also be used to examine the effects of different processing parameters on the same insulating material, such as residual strains produced by quenching, high levels of crystallinity or molding processes that control the concentration and sizes of gas-filled cavities.  
5.4 The data are generated in the form of a set of values of lifetimes at a voltage. The dispersion of failure times is analyzed using one of the methods below:  
5.4.1 Weibull Probability Plot.  
5.4.2 Statistically (see IEEE/IEC 62539-2007 for additional information), to yield an estimate of the central value of the distribution and its standard deviation.  
5.4.3 Truncating a test at the time of the fifth failure of a set of nine and using that time as the measure of the central tendency. Two such techniques are described in 10.2.  
5.5 This test method intensifies some of the more commonly met conditions of corona attack so that materials are able to be evaluated in a time that is relatively short compared to the life of the equipment. As with most accelerated life tests, caution is necessary in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the voltage endurance of solid electrical insulating materials for use at commercial power frequencies under the action of corona (see Note 1). This test method is more meaningful for rating materials with respect to their resistance to prolonged ac stress under corona conditions for comparative evaluation between materials.
Note 1: The term “corona” is used almost exclusively in this test method instead of “partial discharge,” because it is a visible glow at the edge of the electrode interface that is the result of partial discharge. Corona, as defined in Terminology D1711, is “visible partial discharges in gases adjacent to a conductor.”  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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