ASTM D4050-96

Designation: D 4050 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method
(Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for
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Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method describes the field procedure for 3.1 Definitions:
selecting well locations, controlling discharge or injection 3.1.1 aquifer, confined—an aquifer bounded above and
rates, and measuring water levels used to analyze the hydraulic below by confining beds and in which the static head is above
properties of an aquifer or aquifers and adjacent confining the top of the aquifer.
beds. 3.1.2 confining bed—a hydrogeologic unit of less perme-
1.2 This test method is used in conjunction with an analyti- able material bounding one or more aquifers.
cal procedure such as Test Methods D 4105 or D 4106 to 3.1.3 control well—well by which the head and flow in the
determine aquifer properties. aquifer is changed, for example, by pumping, injection, or
1.3 The appropriate field and analytical procedures are change of head.
selected as described in Guide D 4043. 3.1.4 hydraulic conductivity (field aquifer tests)—the vol-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as ume of water at the existing kinematic viscosity that will move
standard. in a unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient through a unit
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the area measured at right angles to the direction of flow.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.5 observation well—a well open to all or part of an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- aquifer.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.6 piezometer—a device used to measure hydraulic head
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. at a point in the subsurface.
3.1.7 specific storage—the volume of water released from
2. Referenced Documents
or taken into storage per unit volume of the porous medium per
2.1 ASTM Standards:
unit change in head.
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained 3.1.8 storage coeffıcient —the volume of water an aquifer
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Fluids
releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils aquifer per unit change in head. For a confined aquifer, the
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(Visual-Manual Procedure)
storage coefficient is equal to the product of the specific storage
D 4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer-Test Method in and aquifer thickness. For an unconfined aquifer, the storage
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Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques coefficient is approximately equal to the specific yield.
D 4105 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
3.1.9 transmissivity—the volume of water at the existing
ing Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky kinematic viscosity that will move in a unit time under a unit
Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium
hydraulic gradient through a unit width of the aquifer.
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Method 3.1.10 For definitions of other terms used in this test
D 4106 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
method, see Terminology D 653.
ing Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky
2 4. Summary of Test Method
Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D 4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid 4.1 This test method describes the field practices in con-
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation ducting withdrawal and injection well tests. These methods
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Well) involve withdrawal of water from or injection of water to an
aquifer through a control well and measurement of the water-
level response in the aquifer. The analysis of the data from this
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
field practice is described in standards such as Test Methods
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water
D 4105 and D 4106.
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published February 1997. Originally
published as D 4050 – 91.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
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D 4050
5. Significance and Use should be compatible with the requirements of the method of
test analysis.
5.1 Withdrawal and injection well test field procedures are
6.6 Water-Level Measurement Equipment—Manual mea-
used with appropriate analytical procedures in appropriate
surements can be made with a steel tape or electric tape as
hydrogeologic
...