ASTM D6243/D6243M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
Standard Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedure described in this test method for determination of the shear resistance for the GCL or the GCL interface is intended as a performance test to provide the user with a set of design values for the test conditions examined. The test specimens and conditions, including normal stresses, are generally selected by the user.
5.2 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of GCLs, but caution is advised as outlined in 5.2.1.
5.2.1 The shear resistance can be expressed only in terms of actual test conditions (see Notes 2 and 3). The determined value may be a function of the applied normal stress, material characteristics (for example, of the geosynthetic), soil properties, size of sample, moisture content, drainage conditions, displacement rate, magnitude of displacement, and other parameters.
Note 2: In the case of acceptance testing requiring the use of soil, the user must furnish the soil sample, soil parameters, and direct shear test parameters. The method of test data interpretation for purposes of acceptance should be mutually agreed to by the users of this standard.
Note 3: Testing under this test method should be performed by laboratories qualified in the direct shear testing of soils and meeting the requirements of Practice D3740, especially since the test results may depend on site-specific and test conditions.
5.2.2 This test method measures the total resistance to shear within a GCL or between a GCL and adjacent material. The total shear resistance may be a combination of sliding, rolling and interlocking of material components
5.2.3 This test method does not distinguish between individual mechanisms, which may be a function of the soil and GCL used, method of material placement and hydration, normal and shear stresses applied, means used to hold the GCL in place, rate of horizontal displacement, and other factors. Every effort should be made to identify, as closely as is practicable, the sheared a...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the internal shear resistance of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) or the interface shear resistance between the GCL and an adjacent material under a constant rate of deformation.
1.2 This test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field conditions.
1.3 This test method is applicable to all GCLs. Remolded or undisturbed soil samples can be used in the test device. See Test Method D5321/D5321M for interface shear testing of non-GCL geosynthetics.
1.4 This test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships within the test specimen due to the nonuniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6243/D6243M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of
1
Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6243/D6243M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
internalshearresistanceofaGeosyntheticClayLiner(GCL)or
Fluids
the interface shear resistance between the GCLand an adjacent
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
material under a constant rate of deformation.
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
1.2 This test method is intended to indicate the performance
3
kN-m/m ))
of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
conditions.
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
3
1.3 This test method is applicable to all GCLs. Remolded or (2,700 kN-m/m ))
undisturbed soil samples can be used in the test device. See
D2435/D2435M Test Methods for One-Dimensional Con-
Test Method D5321/D5321M for interface shear testing of solidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
non-GCL geosynthetics.
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
1.4 This test method is not suited for the development of
D3080/D3080M Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
exact stress-strain relationships within the test specimen due to
Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
the nonuniform distribution of shearing forces and displace-
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
ment.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
D5321/D5321M Test Method for Determining the Shear
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-
used independently of the other, and values from the two
Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
systems shall not be combined.
D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to soil and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of terms
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
relating to GCLs, refer to Terminology D4439.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 adhesion, c ,n—the y-intercept of the Mohr-Coulomb
a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
strength envelope.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tained at a relative humidity of between 50 and 70 % and
temperature of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
2
thetic Clay Liners. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6243/D6243M–13a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6243_D6243M-16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6243/D6243M − 16
3.2.3 GCL, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting 4. Summary of Test Method
of clay bonded to a layer, or layers, of geosynthetic materials.
4.1 The shear resistance internal to the GCL or between a
3.2.4 Mohr-Coulomb friction angle, δ,n—(angl
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6243/D6243M − 13a D6243/D6243M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of
1
Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6243/D6243M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the internal shear resistance of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) or
the interface shear resistance between the GCL and an adjacent material under a constant rate of deformation.
1.2 This test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field
conditions.
1.3 This test method is applicable to all GCLs. Remolded or undisturbed soil samples can be used in the test device. See Test
Method D5321D5321/D5321M for non-GCLs.interface shear testing of non-GCL geosynthetics.
1.4 This test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships within the test specimen due to the
nonuniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2435/D2435M Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D3080/D3080M Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5321D5321/D5321M Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic
Interfaces by Direct Shear
D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to soil and rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of terms relating
to GCLs, refer to Terminology D4439.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2016. Published August 2013January 2016. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
D6243D6243/D6243M–13.–13a. DOI: 10.1520/D6243_D6243M-13A.10.1520/D6243_D6243M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6243/D6243M − 16
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 adhesion, c , n—the y-intercept of the Mohr-Coulomb strength envelope.
a
3.2.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air maintained at a relative humidity of between 50 and 70 % and temperature
of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
3.2.3 GCL, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer, or layers, of geosynthetic materials.
3.2.4 Mohr-Coulomb friction angle, δ , δ, n—(angle of friction of a material or between two materials, degrees) the angle defi
...
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