ASTM B595-21

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B595 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) B595 − 21
Standard Specification for
Sintered Aluminum Materials for Aluminum Powder
Metallurgy (PM) Structural Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers sintered aluminum powder metallurgy structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to
which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by mixing.using admixed
materials.
1.2 This specification covers the following variables:a material designation code that includes the chemical composition of the
material, its guaranteed minimum 0.2 % offset yield strength or ultimate tensile strength, and the temper condition of the material.
1.2.1 Composition—Depending upon levels of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, two grades, and
1.2.2 Density—Type.
1.3 Parts ordered to this specification will be in one of the following conditions:
1.3.1 As-sintered,
1.3.2 As-repressed for additional density, or
1.3.3 All other conditions plus heat treated.
1.3 Units—With the exception of thedensity values for density, for which the useg/cm of the gram per cubic centimeter unit is
long-standingthe industry practice, thestandard, property values stated in SIinch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
standard. Values in SI units result from conversion, are only for information, and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.05 on Structural Parts.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016April 1, 2021. Published June 2016May 2021. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
B595 – 11.B595 – 11(2016). DOI: 10.1520/B0595-11R16.10.1520/B0595-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B595 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
B963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder
Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
E8E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials
E606/E606M Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
E1269 Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
E1416 Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
2.2 MPIF Standards:
MPIF Standard 10, Method for Determination of the Tensile Properties of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials
MPIF Standard 35-SP, Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts
MPIF Standard 72, Guide to Sample Preparation of Aluminum Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials for Cross-sectional
Metallographic Evaluation
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive information
is available in the Related Material Section of Volume 02.05 of the under “General Information on PM” on the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards.ASTM B09 web page.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Materials for parts covered under this specification shall be ordered by material designation code.
4.2 Orders for material toparts under this specification shallmay include the following information:
4.2.1 Certification, if required (see Section 13),
4.2.2 Dimensions (see Section 9.19),
4.2.3 Chemical composition (see 6.1),, 10.1, and Table 1),
4.2.4 Density (see Test methods and mechanical properties (see Section 7.18, Table 2, Table 3, Table X1.1, and Table X1.2),
4.1.4 State of heat treatment,
4.2.5 Mechanical property requirements (see Density (see Section 8.17),, Table X1.1, and Table X1.2),
4.2.6 Certification (seeSpecial packaging, 14.1).if required.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Structural parts shall be made by compacting and sintering metal powders compacting, sintering, and sizing followed by either
a T2 or T8 temper to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of in conformance with this specification.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements of provided in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd. East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
B595 − 21
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, mass %
A
Element
AXX-6061 ACXX-
A
Copper 0.5 max 3.5–5.0
Magnesium 0.4–1.2 0.2–0.8
Silicon 0.2–0.8 1.2 max
Aluminum, 96.0 91.5
min
Total of 1.5 1.5
other
elements,
determined
by
difference,
max
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements (wt.%)
Material Al Cu Si Mg Element
Designation
Code
AC-2014 Balance 3.5 0.5 0.2 Minimum
Balance 5.5 1.2 1.0 Maximum
A
“XX” denotes thermal condition – see footnote to Other elements: 1.5 wt.%
max.Table X1.1
B
For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measured
values shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in
expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Practice E29.
TABLE 3 Minimum Tensile Strength Values (SI)
NOTE 1—Processing parameters used to generate these data, other
conditions may be used.
A,B,D
Material Minimum Strength
Designation Yield Ultimate
C
Code MPa
AC-2014-23-T2 160
AC-2014-25-T2 170
AC-2014-32-T8 220
AC-2014-38-T8 265
A 3
Suffix numbers represent minimum strength values in 10 psi
B
Mechanical property data derived from laboratory prepared test specimens
sintered under commercial manufacturing conditions
C
Thermal Treatment:
-T2: Cold worked (sized) and then naturally aged (room temperature)
-T8: Solution treated at 502 ºC for 70 min at temperature, immediately water
quenched, cold worked (sized), overall length (OAL) reduced by approximately
2 %, and artificially aged at 160 ºC for 18 h and air cooled
D
Tensile properties determined on machined round specimens
6.2 The chemical Chemical analysis shall be madeperformed in accordance with the methods prescribed in the latest edition Vol.
03.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standards Vol 03.05, or by any other approved method agreed upon between the
manufacturerproducer and the purchaser.
7. Density Physical Properties
7.1 The parts shall conform to the density range prescribed in Table 2.
7.2 The density shall be measured in accordance with Test Method B962.
7.3 If the density does not vary more than 0.1 g/cm from one section of the structural part to any other section, the overall density
shall fall within the limits prescribed in Table 2.
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TABLE 2 Density
Type Dry Density, g/cm
I 2.30 to 2.45
II 2.45 to 2.60
III 2.60 min
TABLE 2 Minimum Tensile Strength Values (inch-pound)
NOTE 1—Processing parameters used to generate these data; other
conditions may be used.
A,B,D
Material Minimum Strength
Designation Yield Ultimate
C 3
Code 10 psi
AC-2014-23-T2 23
AC-2014-25-T2 25
AC-2014-32-T8 32
AC-2014-38-T8 38
A 3
Suffix numbers represent minimum strength values in 10 psi
B
Mechanical property data derived from laboratory prepared test specimens
sintered under commercial manufacturing conditions
C
Thermal Treatment:
-T2: Cold worked (sized) and then naturally aged (room temperature)
-T8: Solution treated at 935 ºF for 70 min at temperature, immediately water
quenched, cold worked (sized), overall length (OAL) reduced by approximately
2 %, and artificially aged at 320 ºF for 18 h and air cooled
D
Tensile properties determined on machined round specimens
7.1 If the density varies more than 0.1 g/cmDensity from one section of the structural part to any other section, the manufacturer
and the purchaser shall agree upon a critical section of the partshall be determined in accordance with Test Method B962 where
the stresses are the highest. The density of this critical section rather than the average density shall fall within the limits prescribed
in Table 2.
7.1.1 The producer and purchaser may agree upon a minimum average density for the part and minimum densities for specific
regions of the part. Typical density values may be found in Table X1.1 and Table X1.2.
8. Mechanical Properties
8.1 For material in the T2 condition, the minimum guaranteed 0.2 % offset yield strength as shown in Table 2 and Table 3 is a
numerical suffix to the material designation code and is read as 10 psi. The code is adopted from MPIF Standard 35-SP. All tensile
yield strengths are defined as the 0.2 % offset yield strengths.
8.2 For material in the T8 condition, the minimum guaranteed ultimate tensile strength as shown in Table 2 and Table 3 is a
numerical suffix to the material designation code and is read as 10 psi. The code is adopted from MPIF Standard 35-SP.
8.3 The manufacturerproducer and the purchaser shall agree on qualification tests for the determination of mechanical properties.
upon the method to be used to verify the minimum strength characteristics of the finished parts. Since it is generally impossible
to machine tensile test specimens from these parts, alternative strength tests are advisable. An example would be measuring the
force needed to break teeth off a gear with the gear properly fixtured.
8.2 These tests shall be performed on production parts.
8.3 These tests shall be determined after consideration of the function of the part.
8.4 The limits and sampling plan shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.tensile properties shall be
measured using machined round specimens prepared in accordance with MPIF Standard 10 and tested in accordance with Test
Methods E8/E8M and MPIF Standard 10.
8.5 All shipments of parts subsequent to the establishment ofTypical mechanical property values may be found in Table X1.1
testingand Table X1.2conditions shall conform to the limits agreed upon.
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NOTE 1—The mechanical properties in tension and compression that may be expected from standard specimens compacted to size are given in Appendix
X1 of this specification.
9. Dimensions and Tolerances Permissible Variations in Dimensions
9.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall be within the limits specified onin the drawings describing the structural parts
accompanying the order or provided by the purchaser, which describe the structural parts that accompany the order, or variations
shall be within the limits specified in the order.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10.1 Structural parts shall be uniform in composition.
10.2 When parts are cut or fractured, the exposed surface shall be of uniform appearance.
10. Sampling
10.1 Chemical Analysis—If required by purchase agreement,When requested on the purchase order, at least one sample for
chemical analysis shall be taken from each lot. A representative sample of chips may be obtained by dry milling, drilling
dry-milling, or crushing at least two pieces with clean, dry tools without lubrication. To In order to obtain oil-free chips, the parts
selected for test shall have the oil extracted from them in accordance with Test MethodMethods B963, if necessary.
10.2 Mechanical Tests—The manufacturerproducer and the purchaser shall agree on the upon a representative number of
specimens for mechanical tests.
11. Inspection
11.1 Unless otherwise specified, inspection of parts supplied on contract shall be made by the purchaser.Inspection of the material
shall be agreed upon between the producer and purchaser as part of the purchase order or contract.
12. Rejection and Rehearing
12.1 PartsMaterial that failfails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported
to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In the case of dissatisfaction with test results, the producer or supplier may
make claim for rehearing. a rehearing.
13. Certification
13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a pr
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