ASTM E1894-97

Designation: E 1894 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed
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X-Ray Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements
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and Dosimetry
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using
E 665 Practice for Determining Absorbed Dose Versus
dosimetry systems in flash x-ray experiments. Both dose and
Depth in Materials Exposed to the X–ray Output of Flash
dose–rate techniques are described.
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X–ray Machines
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash x–ray sources are
E 666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose from Gamma
given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.
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or X Radiation
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the
E 668 Practice for the Application of Thermoluminescence-
response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed
–Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for Determining Absorbed
to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.
Dose in Radiation–Hardness Testing of Electronic De-
2
2. Contents
vices
E 1249 Practice for Minimizing Dosimetry Errors in Radia-
2.1 Section 1: Scope of guide.
tion Hardness Testing of Silicon Electronic Devices Using
2.2 Section 2: Outline.
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Co–60 Sources
2.3 Section 3: Related ASTM and ICRU documents.
E 1261 Guide for Selection and Calibration of Dosimetry
2.4 Section 4: Definition of terms.
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Systems for Radiation Processing
2.5 Section 5: Significance and use of this document for the
E 1275 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film Dosimetry
selection of dosimetry systems for use in pulsed x–ray sources.
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System
2.6 Section 6: Description of large flash x–ray sources and
E 1310 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Optical
their characteristics.
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Waveguide Dosimetry System
2.7 Section 7: Measurement principles with an emphasis on
3.2 International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU)
obtaining absorbed dose measurements for different spectral
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and Measurements Reports:
conditions in the dosimeter, the DUT, and the relationship
ICRU Report 14–Radiation Dosimetry: X rays and Gamma
between them.
Rays with Maximum Photon Energies Between 0.6 and 50
2.8 Section 8: The primary information in this guide. The
MeV
experimenter will find details on each dosimetry system. Listed
ICRU Report 17–Radiation Dosimetry: X rays Generated at
are details such as: 1) how the dosimeters works, i.e., physical
Potentials of 5 to 150 kV
principles, 2) typical applications or instrumentation configu-
ICRU Report 33–Radiation Quantities and Units
rations, 3) advantages, 4) limitations, 5) sensitivity 6) proce-
ICRU Report 34–The Dosimetry of Pulsed Radiation
dures for calibration and proper use and finally reproducibility
and accuracy.
4. Terminology
2.9 Section 9: Suggested documentation requirements.
4.1 Absorbed Dose—quotient of de¯/dm, where de¯ is the
2.10 Section 10: Description of how the experimenter de-
mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of mass
termines uncertainty in the dosimetry measurements.
dm:
2.11 Section 11: References.
d
D 5 e¯ . (1)
3. Referenced Documents
dm
3.1 ASTM Standards:
The special name for the unit for absorbed dose is the gray
(Gy).
1Gy 5 1J/kg. (2)
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E–10 on Nuclear
Formerly, the special unit for absorbed dose was the rad,
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E 10.07 on Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.02.
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published July 1998.
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Available from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measure-
ments, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814, U.S.A.
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E 1894
where 1 rad 5 100 erg/g. 5. Significance and Use
1 rad 5 0.01 Gy. (3) 5.1 Flash x-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung
radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond
Because the magnitude of the absorbed dose is material
pulse, which unfortunately, often fluctuates in amplitude,
dependent, it is important to include the material composition
shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate
for which the dose is being reported, e.g., 15.3 Gy(LiF).
dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize
4.2 Absorbed Dose Enhancement—increase (or decrease) in
the environment. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a
the absorbed dose (as compared to the equilibrium absorbed
variety of applicati
...