21.100.01 - Bearings in general
ICS 21.100.01 Details
Bearings in general
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General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 21.100.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Bearings in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 46 standards classified under ICS 21.100.01 (Bearings in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the procurement requirements for solid ferrous needle rollers, including the MS19065 spherical ended solid ferrous needle rollers, intended for use in bearings and bearing applications. Rollers shall be made of chrome alloy steel E52100, and manufactured in any of the following types: Type I—spherical end; Type II—flat end; Type III—ball end; Type IV—crankpin end; Type V—conical end; and Type VI—trunnion end. Representative rollers shall be inspected by dimensional and visual examination, surface roughness examination, hot acid etch test, decarburization test, hardness test, chemical analysis, macro-examination, austenitic grain size test, and inclusion rating test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the procurement requirements for solid ferrous needle bearing rollers including the MS19065 spherical ended solid ferrous needle rollers as specified in Specification F2443.
1.2 Intended Use—The rollers covered in this specification are intended for use in bearings and bearing applications.
1.3 This specification contains many of the requirements of MIL-R-22440, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2
Preparing Activity
Custodians
Review Activities
DLA-GS4
Army-AT
Army-CR4
Navy-OS
Air Force-84
Air Force-99
DLA-GS4
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms and their definitions relevant to the materials and processes associated with rolling element bearings.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers sintered bronze, oil-impregnated bearings made primarily from elemental copper, tin, lead, and graphite powders. This specification covers the following variables: Grades (available in three bronze base compositions identifiable by different graphite contents and one leaded bronze grade) and Type (Grades 1 and 2 are available in four types described by specific density ranges. Grade 3 is available in two types and Grade 4 is available in one type). Sintered bronze bearings shall be made by molding or briquetting metal powder mixtures to the proper density. The material shall conform to the required chemical composition for copper, tin, graphite, iron, lead, zinc, nickel, and antimony. The density of bearings supplied impregnated with lubricant shall be within the prescribed limits. Oil content of bearings shall not be less than the prescribed value for each grade and type of material. The material of different grades and types shall conform to the prescribed radial crushing strength requirements. An acceptance specification for the minimum bearing breaking load may be established for any specific standard oil-impregnated bearing. Chemical analysis shall be made for each representative sample of chips, which may be obtained by milling, drilling, filing, or crushing a bearing with clean dry tools without lubrication.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers porous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical bronze-base bearings that are produced from mixed metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication.
1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physical, and mechanical requirements of those bronze-base PM materials that have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating bearings.
1.3 This specification is applicable to the purchase of bronze-base bearings (oil-impregnated) that were formerly covered by military specifications and are intended for government or military applications. Those additional government requirements that only apply to military bearings are listed in the Supplementary Requirements section of this specification.
1.4 This specification accompanies Specification B439 that covers the requirements for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings, (Oil-Impregnated).
1.5 Typical applications for bronze-base bearings are listed in Appendix X1.
1.6 Bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Appendix X2, while engineering information regarding installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix X3. Additional useful information on self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35, ISO 5755 and the technical literature.2
1.7 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to report on the testing of, to discuss and compare the properties of, and to provide guidelines for the choice of lubricants for precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB are, for the purposes of this guide, meant to include bearings of ABEC 5 quality and above. This guide limits its scope to oils used in PREB and is to be followed by a similar document to encompass greases used in PREB.
4.2 The number of lubricants, both oils and greases, used in PREB increased dramatically from the early 1940s to the mid 1990s. In the beginning of this period, petroleum products were the only widely available base stocks. Later, synthetic lubricants became available including synthetic hydrocarbons, esters, silicones, and fluorinated materials, including perfluorinated ethers and the fluorosilicones. This broad spectrum of lubricant choices has led to the use of a large number of different lubricants in PREB applications. The U.S. Department of Defense, as a user of many PREB, has seen a significant increase in the logistics effort required to support the procurement and distribution of these items. In addition, as time has passed some of the lubricants used in certain PREB are no longer available. The SRG Series, LSO-26, and Teresso V-78 are examples of such lubricants. This implies that replacement lubricants must be found as, in this era of extending the lifetime of DoD assets, stockpiles of replacement parts become depleted.
4.3 One of the primary goals of this study was to take a broad spectrum of the lubricants used in PREB and do a comprehensive series of tests on them in order that their properties could be compared and, if necessary, potential replacement lubricants identified. This study is also meant to be a design guide for choosing lubricants for PREB applications. This guide represents a collective effort of many members of this community who span the spectrum from bearing manufacturers, original equipment manufacture...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is a tool to aid in the choice of an oil for precision rolling element bearing applications. There are two areas where this guide should have the greatest impact: (1) when a lubricant is being chosen for a new bearing application and (2) when a lubricant for a bearing has to be replaced because the original lubricant specified for the bearing can no longer be obtained. The Report (Section 5) contains a series of tests performed by the same laboratory on a wide variety of oils commonly used in bearing applications to allow comparisons of those properties of the oil that the committee thought to be most important when making a choice of lubricant. This guide contains a listing of the properties of oils by chemical type, that is, ester, silicone, and so forth. This organization is necessary since the operational requirements in a particular bearing application may limit the choice of lubricant to a particular chemical type due to its temperature stability, viscosity index or temperature-vapor pressure characteristics, and so forth. The Report includes the results of tests on the oils included in this study. The Report recommends replacement lubricants for those oils tested that are no longer available. The Report also includes a glossary of terms used in describing/discussing the lubrication of precision and instrument bearings. The Report presents a discussion of elastohydrodynamic lubrication as applied to rolling element bearings.
1.2 Although other compendia of lubricant properties have been published, for example, the Barden Product Standard, Lubricants2 and the NASA Lubricant Handbook for the Space Industry3, none have centered their attention on lubricants commonly used in precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB put a host of unique requirements upon a lubricant. The lubricant must operate at both high and low temperatures. The lubricant must provide lubrication for months, if not years,...
- Guide14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European standard specifies the characteristics of inch based spherical plain bearing, metal to metal, in corrosion resisting steel, narrow series.
They are intended for use in fixed or moving parts of the aircraft structure and their control mechanisms.
They shall be used in the temperature range as determined by the grease capability as below:
- code A: grease as per MIL PRF 23827 Type I, operating temperature range −73 °C to 121 °C;
- code B: grease as per MIL PRF 81322, operating temperature range −54 °C to 177 °C.
The range of application for bearings lubricated with grease per code A is limited to 121 °C.
In both cases the spherical surface of the outer or inner ring have to be provided with a dry film lubricant as per MIL PRF 46010 or equivalent (anti seizing protection).
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification.
NOTE 1 Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type.
This document covers bearings in cranes. It is not intended for bearings being part of standard components, e.g. gearboxes, motors - however those bearings shall be designed using load actions from EN 13001-2 and classification parameters of EN 13001-1.
NOTE 2 EN 13001-3-7 is under preparation for gears and gearboxes and deals with load actions for bearings in gear boxes.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 7 of this document are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazards:
- exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
- exceeding temperature limits of material or components;
- elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging).
This document is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex D).
NOTE EN 13001-3-4 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1.
- Standard110 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification.
NOTE 1 Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type.
This document covers bearings in cranes. It is not intended for bearings being part of standard components, e.g. gearboxes, motors - however those bearings shall be designed using load actions from EN 13001-2 and classification parameters of EN 13001-1.
NOTE 2 EN 13001-3-7 is under preparation for gears and gearboxes and deals with load actions for bearings in gear boxes.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 7 of this document are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazards:
- exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
- exceeding temperature limits of material or components;
- elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging).
This document is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex D).
NOTE EN 13001-3-4 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1.
- Standard110 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice covers bearings and bearing components of all material compositions and grades. It may be used to develop a process for adequately handling bearings.
4.2 Unless the proper conditions of an adequate facility, equipment, and trained personnel are available, it may be better not to inspect the bearings in-house. The danger of contaminating and damaging the bearings may be much greater than the possibility of receiving bearings that will not function.
4.3 Bearings are easily damaged at the customers' receiving and test areas. In most cases, bearings should be accepted based on the bearing manufacturer’s certification. Certificates of quality (conformance) supplied by the bearing manufacturer may be furnished in lieu of actual performance of such testing by the receiving activity of the bearings. The certificate shall include the name of the purchaser, contract number/PO number, name of the manufacturer or supplier, item identification, name of the material, lot number, lot size, sample size, date of testing, test method, individual test results, and the specification requirements.
4.4 This practice does not cover clean room requirements of miniature and instrument precision bearings. These bearings require clean room environments in accordance with ISO 14644-1 and ISO 14644-2.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers requirements for the handling of all bearings and bearing components.
1.2 This is a general practice. The individual bearing handling requirements shall be as specified herein or as specified in the contract or purchase order. In the event of any conflict between requirements of this practice and the individual bearing requirements of an OEM drawing, procurement specification, or other specification, the latter shall govern. Many companies, organizations, and bearing users have excellent facilities, equipment, and knowledgeable personnel for handling bearings. The thrust of this practice is for users that do not have this knowledge of bearings.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 21107:2015 establishes a search structure and properties vocabulary for identifying rolling bearings, bearing housings, accessories and spherical plain bearings primarily with the aid of electronic media, such as the Internet. The methodology for using this International Standard in search programs is not included. ISO 21107:2015 does not establish a search structure and an attribute vocabulary for identifying linear motion rolling bearings. NOTE A reference dictionary for all rolling bearings in this document is defined in ISO/TS 23768‑1. It contains definitions of bearing classes, data element types of descriptive properties and domains of values.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard32 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard32 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the characteristics of spherical plain bearings, metal to metal, in corrosion resisting steel, cadmium plated and chromated, wide series, inch series for aerospace applications.
They are intended for use in fixed or moving parts of the aircraft structure and their control mechanisms.
They are used in the temperature range − 54 °C to 150 °C. As they are lubricated by means of the following greases:
- Code A: Grease as per MIL-PRF-23827C, operating temperature range − 73 °C to 121 °C;
- Code B: Grease as per MIL-PRF-81322G, operating temperature range − 54 °C to 177 °C.
The range of application for bearings lubricated with grease per code A is limited to 121 °C.
In both cases it is important to provide the spherical surface of the outer or inner ring with a dry-film lubricant as per MIL-PRF-46010G or equivalent (anti-seizing protection).
The slide hole treatment either at the outer ring or inner ring.
- Draft15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of spherical plain bearings, metal to metal, in corrosion resisting steel, passivated, wide series, inch series for aerospace applications.
They are intended for use in fixed or moving parts of the aircraft structure and their control mechanisms.
They are used in the temperature range −54 °C to 150 °C. As they are lubricated by means of the following greases:
Code A: Grease as per MIL-PRF-23827C, operating temperature range −73 °C to 121 °C.
Code B: Grease as per MIL-PRF-81322G, operating temperature range −54 °C to 177 °C.
The range of application for bearings lubricated with grease per code A is limited to 121 °C.
In both cases it is important to provide the spherical surface of the outer or inner ring with a dry-film lubricant as per MIL-PRF-46010G or equivalent (anti-seizing protection).
The slide hole treatment either at the outer ring or inner ring.
- Draft15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of inch based spherical plain bearing, metal to metal, in corrosion resisting steel, narrow series.
They are intended for use in fixed or moving parts of the aircraft structure and their control mechanisms.
They are used in the temperature range as determined by the grease capability as below:
- code A: greased as per MIL-PRF-23827 Type I, operating temperature range −73 °C to 121 °C;
- code B: greased as per MIL-PRF-81322, operating temperature range −54 °C to 177 °C.
The range of application for bearings lubricated with grease per code A is limited to 121 °C.
In both cases the spherical surface of the outer or inner ring are provided with a dry-film lubricant as per MIL-PRF-46010 or equivalent (anti-seizing protection).
The slide hole treatment either at the outer ring or inner ring.
- Draft16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 683-17:2014 specifies the technical delivery requirements for five groups of wrought ball and roller bearing steels: through-hardening bearing steels (steels with about 1 % C and 1 % to 2 % Cr), case-hardening bearing steels, induction-hardening bearing steels (unalloyed and alloyed), stainless bearing steels, and high-temperature bearing steels.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Residue on a bearing may be detrimental to its longevity due to abrasive wear.
Residue on structural parts may affect the fit of assemblies or disturb the performance of the entire piece of equipment via excess friction or wear.
Part producers can utilize this procedure to determine the cleanliness of their processes. High residue levels on sintered parts may indicate a lubricant removal problem. Residue levels may also indicate the condition of various fluids used in part processing.
This test method can be applied when required by the user or internally for process engineering or quality control/compliance purposes by the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a quantitative procedure to determine the cleanliness of PM bearings and structural parts.
1.2 This is a laboratory test consisting of cleaning sample parts under controlled conditions and calculating the amount or percent of residue from the mass of the removed contaminants.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a quantitative procedure to determine the cleanliness of PM bearings and structural parts.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products, this test method was withdrawn in April 2016. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 21107:2004 establishes a search structure and an attribute vocabulary for identifying rolling bearings, spherical plain bearings, bearing housings and accessories, primarily with the aid of electronic media, such as the Internet. The methodology for using this International Standard in search programs is not included.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard37 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In service, there is a space between a shaft and a self-lubricating PM bearing that contains an oil film when the bearing is operating properly. In the event the oil film is disrupted or fails to form the bearing will exhibit increased wear and possibly fail. Therefore the ability for oil to flow through the porosity of a PM bearing is critical to the performance of the bearing.
The porosity of the bearing must be open to the surface and interconnected within the bearing. This allows the oil in a self-lubricating PM bearing to flow during operation to the space between the bearing and the shaft to form an oil film and protect the shaft from wear.
The ability of a gas to flow through the bearing reflects the openness and interconnected properties of the porosity in the bearing.
Data from this test can be used as an internal quality tool and can be reported to buyers of bearings.
A number of other factors also affect the performance of the bearing and the movement of oil; factors such as the oil viscosity, operating temperature, load, shaft speed, surface area, surface finishes and others. This test provides information on only one property and cannot be the sole consideration in the design and testing of a bearing application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permeability of a PM bearing when subjected to pressurized nitrogen under controlled conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of flow rate for which the cm3/min unit is the industry standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products, this test method was withdrawn in October 2015. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
This test method covers the determination of the permeability of a PM bearing when subjected to pressurized nitrogen under controlled conditions.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 21107:2004 establishes a search structure and an attribute vocabulary for identifying rolling bearings, spherical plain bearings, bearing housings and accessories, primarily with the aid of electronic media, such as the Internet. The methodology for using this International Standard in search programs is not included.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard37 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off