76/464/EEC - Pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community
Council Directive 76/464/EEC addresses pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the European Community, including inland surface waters, territorial and internal coastal waters, and groundwater. It establishes two lists of substances: List I includes highly toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative substances for which pollution must be eliminated, while List II covers substances with deleterious but more localized effects, requiring pollution reduction. The Directive mandates prior authorization for discharges containing these substances, setting emission standards and quality objectives based on toxicity, persistence, and environmental impact. Member States must apply zero-emission systems for List I substances in groundwater and develop programs to reduce pollution by List II substances, incorporating quality objectives and emission standards. The Directive emphasizes coordination with international conventions, monitoring, and maintaining water quality without increasing pollution elsewhere. It allows Member States to implement more stringent measures and requires regular reviews and updates to the substance lists based on new scientific information and experience. The Directive thus aims to protect aquatic ecosystems, human health, and the common market by harmonizing pollution control measures across the Community.
Purpose
Council Directive 76/464/EEC aims to protect the aquatic environment of the European Community from pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into surface and ground waters. The Directive addresses pollution by persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative substances, ensuring harmonization among Member States to prevent environmental damage, safeguard human health, and maintain ecosystem integrity. It also works towards coordinating the Community’s actions with international conventions protecting watercourses and marine environments.
Key Obligations
Application Scope:
- Applies to inland surface waters, territorial waters, internal coastal waters, and groundwater.
- Prohibits discharge of certain dangerous substances without prior authorization.
List I Substances:
- Includes highly toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative substances such as organohalogen compounds, organophosphorus compounds, organotins, known carcinogens, mercury, cadmium, persistent mineral oils, and persistent synthetic substances.
- Emission of these substances into waters must be eliminated.
- All discharges must have prior authorization specifying emission standards.
- Member States must set emission standards and comply with Council-adopted limit values.
- A zero-emission approach is mandated for groundwater discharges.
List II Substances:
- Includes substances with localised deleterious effects potentially confined by water characteristics, such as certain metals, biocides, substances affecting taste or smell, less persistent hydrocarbons, cyanides, and compounds impacting oxygen balance.
- Pollution by these substances must be reduced through national programmes with quality objectives and emission standards based on these objectives.
- Programmes must incorporate the latest economically feasible technical developments and have implementation deadlines.
Authorization and Compliance:
- Discharges of dangerous substances require prior authorization from competent authorities.
- Authorizations include emission standards setting maximum permissible concentration and quantity.
- Renewals of authorizations consider updated limits and technical progress.
- Non-compliant discharges must be remedied or prohibited by national authorities.
Monitoring and Reporting:
- Member States must maintain an inventory of discharges containing List I substances.
- Provide necessary information to the Commission, including authorization details and monitoring results.
- Data confidentiality is protected, with only general aggregate information published.
Additional Provisions:
- Member States may adopt more stringent measures individually or collectively.
- Discharges into non-covered waters shall not cause increased pollution.
- The Directive allows for revising and updating Lists I and II based on experience and scientific advances, including moving substances between lists.
Affected Products and Actors
Substances Covered:
- Organohalogens, organophosphorus, organotins, carcinogenic substances, mercury, cadmium, mineral oils, synthetic floatable substances (List I).
- Other metals/metalloids, biocides, compounds affecting taste/smell, silicon organics, phosphorus compounds, cyanides, fluorides, ammonia, nitrites, and non-persistent mineral oils (List II).
Actors Affected:
- Industrial dischargers who release substances into surface or ground waters.
- Competent national authorities responsible for issuing authorizations and monitoring pollution.
- Environmental agencies overseeing compliance with emission standards and quality objectives.
- The European Commission for coordination, review, and reporting purposes.
Implementation Timeline
- The Directive was adopted on 4 May 1976.
- The Commission was required to submit proposals within two years following notification for substances and measurement methods.
- The Council was to take decisions within nine months of proposals, acting unanimously.
- First proposals regarding programmes to reduce pollution by List II substances were to be forwarded within 27 months after notification.
- The Council was to review the use of quality objectives and other procedural aspects every five years.
- Emission standards and authorizations for known discharges were to include compliance deadlines established by the Council.
Member States are responsible for enacting and enforcing measures to comply with the Directive’s requirements within these timelines, with ongoing reviews and updates anticipated to reflect scientific and technical progress.
The Directive 76/464/EEC applies to pollution caused by the discharge of certain dangerous substances into the aquatic environment within the territory of the European Community. Its scope covers inland surface waters (all static or flowing fresh surface water within Member States), territorial waters, internal coastal waters (waters on the landward side of the baseline measuring territorial waters, extending up to the fresh-water limit in watercourses), and groundwater. The Directive targets the reduction or elimination of pollution caused by specified substances listed in two Annex lists, focusing on substances that are toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative, or otherwise harmful to the aquatic environment. Discharges subject to regulation include those introducing substances from these lists into the specified waters, with exceptions for dredgings, operational discharges from ships in territorial waters, and dumping from ships in territorial waters. It applies to various industrial sectors and activities involving emissions of dangerous substances into these aquatic environments, with controls including prior authorization and emission standards to manage pollution levels. Groundwater is also included, pending specific Community rules.
Die Richtlinie 76/464/EWG zielt darauf ab, die Gewässer der Europäischen Gemeinschaft vor Verschmutzung durch bestimmte gefährliche Stoffe zu schützen. Sie legt verbindliche Maßnahmen fest, um die Ableitung toxischer, langlebiger und bioakkumulierbarer Stoffe in oberirdische Binnengewässer, das Küstenmeer, innere Küstengewässer sowie Grundwasser zu kontrollieren und zu reduzieren. Eine Liste gefährlicher Stoffe (Liste I) erfordert die Beseitigung ihrer Ableitung, während eine zweite Liste (Liste II) Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Verschmutzung vorsieht. Emissionsnormen und Genehmigungspflichten sind für die Stoffe der Listen verbindlich, wobei der Rat der EG Grenzwerte und Qualitätsziele festsetzt. Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen Kontrollprogramme umsetzen und gegebenenfalls strengere nationale Maßnahmen ergreifen. Die Richtlinie fordert eine harmonisierte Anwendung der Vorschriften, um Wettbewerbsverzerrungen zu vermeiden, und ermöglicht die Anpassung der Listen auf Grundlage neuer Erkenntnisse. Ziel ist der umfassende Schutz der Gewässer durch vorbeugende und restriktive Maßnahmen zur Sicherstellung der Gesundheit von Mensch und Umwelt sowie zur Förderung der nachhaltigen Nutzung der Wasserressourcen.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 76/464/EWG wurde erlassen, um die Gewässer der Europäischen Gemeinschaft vor der Verschmutzung durch bestimmte gefährliche Stoffe zu schützen. Sie zielt insbesondere darauf ab, die Verschmutzung infolge der Einleitung langlebiger, toxischer und biologisch akkumulierbarer Stoffe zu beseitigen oder zu verringern. Mit dieser harmonisierten Regelung sollen Ungleichheiten der nationalen Gesetzgebungen vermieden und so ein gleichwertiges Wettbewerbsniveau innerhalb des Gemeinschaftsmarktes sichergestellt werden. Weiterhin soll eine umfassende und koordinierte Aktion zum Schutz der Umwelt und zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität innerhalb der Mitgliedstaaten gewährleistet werden.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
- Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen Maßnahmen ergreifen, um die Einleitung gefährlicher Stoffe der Liste I vollständig zu beseitigen und die Einleitung von Stoffen der Liste II zu verringern.
- Für Stoffe der Liste I ist jede Einleitung in Binnengewässer, Küstengewässer sowie in Grundwasser nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung erlaubt. Diese Genehmigung umfasst die Festlegung verbindlicher Emissionsnormen.
- Auf Einleitungen in das Grundwasser für Stoffe der Liste I ist eine Null-Emissionsregelung anzuwenden.
- Der Rat legt im Vorschlag der Kommission Grenzwerte für Emissionsnormen und Qualitätsziele für die betroffenen Stoffe fest.
- Für Stoffe der Liste II müssen Programme erstellt werden, die Qualitätsziele für Gewässer definieren, um die Verschmutzung zu verringern. Auch hier ist eine Genehmigungspflicht mit Emissionsnormen vorgesehen.
- Es ist untersagt, Maßnahmen zu ergreifen oder zu dulden, die eine Umgehung dieser Richtlinie bezwecken oder zu einer Zunahme der Gewässerverschmutzung führen.
- Mitgliedstaaten können strengere Vorschriften festlegen.
- Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen der Kommission Auskünfte über Genehmigungen, Bestandsaufnahmen und Umsetzungsprogramme erteilen.
- Die Listen der gefährlichen Stoffe (Listen I und II) werden regelmäßig überprüft und bei Bedarf aktualisiert.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
- Die Richtlinie gilt für alle oberirdischen Binnengewässer, das Küstenmeer, innere Küstengewässer sowie das Grundwasser innerhalb des Hoheitsgebiets der Mitgliedstaaten.
- Betroffen sind insbesondere Einleitungen aus industriellen, gewerblichen und anderen wirtschaftlichen Tätigkeiten, die gefährliche Stoffe (gemäß Listen I und II) enthalten.
- Die Stofffamilien umfassen u. a. organische Halogenverbindungen, organische Phosphor- und Zinnverbindungen, krebserzeugende Stoffe, Schwermetalle wie Quecksilber und Kadmium, beständige Mineralöle und langlebige Kunststoffe.
- Adressaten sind somit vor allem Industriebetriebe mit Ableitungen in Gewässer, Wasserbehörden, Genehmigungsstellen und Umweltschutzinstitutionen der Mitgliedstaaten.
Umsetzungszeitplan
- Die Kommission hat spätestens zwei Jahre nach Bekanntgabe der Richtlinie Vorschläge für die Festlegung der ersten Stoffe der Listen, der Emissionsgrenzwerte sowie der Messverfahren vorzulegen.
- Der Rat entscheidet innerhalb von neun Monaten einstimmig über diese Vorschläge.
- Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen die Emissionsnormen und Programme innerhalb der vom Rat festgelegten Fristen einführen, die insbesondere für bestehende Ableitungen maximal gemäß Artikel 6 Absatz 4 definiert sind.
- Die Mitgliedstaaten übermitteln der Kommission regelmäßig Berichte über die ergriffenen Maßnahmen und Überwachungsergebnisse.
- Fünfjährliche Überprüfungen der Maßnahmen und Grenzwerte sind vorgesehen, um aktuelle Erfahrungen und wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu integrieren.
- Die Richtlinie tritt sofort in Kraft und muss von den Mitgliedstaaten zeitnah in nationales Recht umgesetzt werden, wobei geltende nationale Bestimmungen harmonisiert werden müssen, um Wettbewerbsverzerrungen zu vermeiden.
Diese Zusammenfassung gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Aspekte der Richtlinie 76/464/EWG über die Verschmutzung infolge der Einleitung bestimmter gefährlicher Stoffe in Gewässer der Gemeinschaft.
Die Richtlinie 76/464/EWG gilt für die Verschmutzung von Gewässern durch bestimmte gefährliche Stoffe und umfasst die Ableitung dieser Stoffe in oberirdische Binnengewässer, das Küstenmeer, innere Küstengewässer sowie Grundwasser innerhalb der Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaft. Sie bezieht sich auf stehende oder fließende Süßwasser und Küstengewässer im Hoheitsgebiet der Mitgliedstaaten, mit Ausnahmen wie der Ableitung von Baggergut oder betriebsbedingten Ableitungen von Schiffen in das Küstenmeer. Die Richtlinie regelt die Verschmutzung durch gefährliche Stoffe aus zwei Listen, Liste I (toxisch, langlebig, bioakkumulierend und biologisch schädlich) und Liste II (stoffliche Gruppen mit begrenzter schädlicher Wirkung je nach Gewässermerkmalen). Sie gilt insbesondere für industrielle und sonstige Ablassaktivitäten, die kontaminierende Stoffe in die genannten Gewässer einleiten und erfordert Genehmigungen mit Emissionsnormen, um Verschmutzungen zu beseitigen oder zu verringern. Zudem erlaubt sie strengere nationale Bestimmungen und zielt auf den Schutz der Wasserqualität und Ökosysteme ab.
La directive 76/464/CEE vise à lutter contre la pollution des milieux aquatiques causée par certaines substances dangereuses rejetées dans les eaux intérieures, marines et souterraines de la Communauté européenne. Elle établit deux listes de substances : la liste I comprenant des substances toxiques, persistantes et bioaccumulables dont les rejets doivent être éliminés, et la liste II regroupant des substances néfastes à limiter. Tout rejet de substances de la liste I nécessite une autorisation préalable fixant des normes d’émission, tandis que les rejets issus de la liste II doivent être contrôlés via des programmes nationaux intégrant des objectifs de qualité des eaux. La directive impose également un régime d’émission zéro pour les substances de la liste I dans les eaux souterraines. Elle prévoit une harmonisation des législations entre États membres et permet des normes plus strictes si nécessaire. Un inventaire des rejets doit être réalisé, et les valeurs limites d’émission, ainsi que les méthodes de mesure, sont définies par le Conseil sur proposition de la Commission. Cette directive constitue un premier pas vers la protection durable des milieux aquatiques contre la pollution chimique.
Objet
La directive 76/464/CEE du Conseil du 4 mai 1976 a pour but de lutter contre la pollution des milieux aquatiques (eaux intérieures, eaux de mer territoriales, eaux souterraines) causée par certaines substances dangereuses déversées dans la Communauté européenne. Elle vise à protéger la santé humaine, la biodiversité aquatique, ainsi que l’usage légitime des eaux, en réduisant ou éliminant les rejets de substances toxiques, persistantes et bioaccumulables.
Obligations principales
Liste des substances dangereuses : La directive établit deux listes de substances :
- Liste I : substances dont la pollution doit être éliminée (composés organohalogénés, organophosphoriques, organostanniques, cancérigènes, etc.) choisies sur la base de leur toxicité, persistance, bioaccumulation.
- Liste II : substances pouvant avoir un impact localisé, à réduire selon les caractéristiques du milieu.
Autorisation préalable des rejets : Tout rejet de substances des listes I et II dans les eaux visées est soumis à une autorisation délivrée par l’autorité compétente de l’État membre.
Normes d’émission : Les autorités fixent des normes d’émission pour ces substances dans les autorisations, basées sur des valeurs limites arrêtées par le Conseil sur proposition de la Commission. Ces normes sont définies en termes de concentration maximale dans les rejets et, si nécessaire, en quantité maximale admissible.
Régime d’émission zéro pour les eaux souterraines : Aucun rejet de substances de la liste I n’est autorisé dans les eaux souterraines, sauf exceptions (effluents domestiques, injections dans couches salines profondes).
Respect des délais : Les rejets actuels doivent se conformer dans un délai fixé par l’autorisation, ce délai ne pouvant dépasser les limites arrêtées par le Conseil.
Programmes de réduction pour substances liste II : Les États membres doivent établir des programmes comprenant des objectifs de qualité pour les eaux, en cohérence avec les directives pertinentes, pour réduire la pollution issue des substances de cette liste.
Inventaire des rejets : Les États membres doivent inventorier les rejets de substances de la liste I assorties de normes d’émission.
Contrôle et sanctions : En cas de non-respect des normes, les autorités doivent prendre des mesures pour faire cesser les manquements, y compris l’interdiction des rejets si nécessaire.
Coopération et harmonisation : La Commission organise la confrontation des programmes nationaux pour assurer une mise en œuvre harmonisée et propose des révisions des listes de substances.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Substances chimiques dangereuses listées dans les annexes (composés organohalogénés, organophosphorés, organostanniques, substances cancérigènes, etc.).
Émissions industrielles ou autres activités humaines susceptibles de déverser ces substances dans :
- eaux intérieures de surface (rivières, lacs)
- eaux de mer territoriales
- eaux intérieures du littoral
- eaux souterraines
Autorités nationales compétentes chargées de délivrer les autorisations, fixer les normes, contrôler les rejets et établir les inventaires.
Exploitants d’installations produisant des rejets soumis à autorisation.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
Arrêt des valeurs limites et méthodes de mesure : Le Conseil doit statuer dans les neuf mois suivant les propositions de la Commission. La Commission devait présenter des premières propositions dans un délai maximal de deux ans après la notification de la directive.
Programmes pour substances de la liste II : Les États membres doivent transmettre leurs premiers programmes et les résultats à la Commission, qui analyse leur harmonisation périodiquement.
Révisions des listes I et II : Le Conseil, sur proposition de la Commission, révise au besoin les listes en fonction de l’évolution des connaissances.
Durée limitée des autorisations : Les autorisations sont délivrées pour une durée définie, renouvelable selon l’évolution des normes.
En résumé, la directive établit un cadre communautaire contraignant visant à éliminer ou réduire les rejets de substances dangereuses dans les milieux aquatiques européens, par un système d’autorisations, de normes d’émission, de programmes de qualité et de suivi coordonné entre États membres.
La directive 76/464/CEE s'applique à la pollution causée par certaines substances dangereuses déversées dans le milieu aquatique de la Communauté européenne. Elle couvre spécifiquement les eaux intérieures de surface, les eaux de mer territoriales, les eaux intérieures du littoral ainsi que les eaux souterraines. La directive vise les rejets de substances figurant sur deux listes (liste I et liste II) en fonction de leur toxicité, persistance et bioaccumulation. Elle concerne notamment les substances organohalogénées, organophosphoriques, organostanniques et d'autres substances toxiques ou cancérigènes affectant le milieu aquatique. Sont exclus certains rejets comme les boues de dragage et les rejets opérationnels à partir de navires dans les eaux marines territoriales. Elle impose un régime d’autorisation préalable pour ces rejets, fixe des normes d’émission et vise à éliminer ou réduire la pollution par ces substances dans les milieux aquatiques concernés.
Direktiva 76/464/EGS določa ukrepe za preprečevanje onesnaževanja voda v Evropski skupnosti z nevarnimi snovmi, ki so izbrane glede na njihovo strupenost, obstojnost in sposobnost kopičenja v organizmih. Namenjena je zaščiti površinskih in podzemnih voda pred škodljivimi vplivi industrijskih in drugih izpustov, pri čemer so snovi razdeljene v dva seznama: Seznam I vključuje snovi, za katere je prepovedano odvajanje brez predhodnega dovoljenja in emisijskih standardov, medtem ko Seznam II zajema snovi s potencialno omejenim škodljivim učinkom, za katere morajo države članice izdelati programe za zmanjšanje onesnaževanja. Direktiva določa postopke izdaje dovoljenj, določanje mejnih emisijskih vrednosti ter spremljanje in poročanje o izpustih. Prav tako omogoča, da države uvedejo strožje ukrepe in določa, da se emisijski standardi ne smejo povečati onesnaževanja voda. Ukrepi se prilagajajo glede na vrste voda in značilnosti onesnaževalcev, s ciljem zagotavljanja usklajenega varstva vodnega okolja v EU.
Namen
Direktiva 76/464/EGS se osredotoča na preprečevanje in zmanjševanje onesnaževanja vodnega okolja Skupnosti z določenimi nevarnimi snovmi. Cilj je zavarovati površinske, notranje morske in podzemne vode pred grožnjami, ki jih predstavljajo trajne, strupene in bioakumulativne snovi. Direktiva si prizadeva za usklajeno ukrepanje držav članic, da se zagotovi varstvo vodnih ekosistemov in ohranjanje kakovosti življenja v Evropski skupnosti.
Ključne obveznosti
- Preprečevanje in odstranjevanje onesnaževanja: Države članice morajo ukrepati za odpravo onesnaževanja s snovmi iz Seznama I in zmanjšanje onesnaževanja s snovmi iz Seznama II (člen 2).
- Dovoljenja za izpuste: Vsak izpust snovi iz Seznama I v vodno okolje zahteva predhodno dovoljenje pristojnega organa. V dovoljenju so določeni emisijski standardi, ki jih mora povzročitelj izpusta spoštovati (člen 3).
- Ničelne emisije za podzemno vodo: Odvajanje snovi iz Seznama I v podzemno vodo ni dovoljeno (člen 4).
- Emisijski standardi: Dovoljenja morajo določiti najvišje dovoljene koncentracije in količine snovi v izpustih. Standardi lahko vključujejo strožje zahteve glede na strupenost, obstojnost in bioakumulacijo (člen 5).
- Mejne vrednosti: Svet določi mejne vrednosti za nevarne snovi v Seznamu I, ki jih emisijski standardi ne smejo preseči (člen 6).
- Programi za zmanjšanje onesnaževanja snovi iz Seznama II: Države članice morajo izdelati programe z določenimi cilji kakovosti vode, ki vključujejo ukrepe za zmanjšanje takega onesnaževanja (člen 7).
- Prepoved ogrožanja voda zunaj obsega direktive: Potrebno je preprečiti povečanje onesnaževanja voda, ki niso obravnavane v členu 1 (člen 8 in 9).
- Možnost strožjih ukrepov: Države članice lahko sprejmejo strožje ukrepe od predpisanih v direktivi (člen 10).
- Popis izpustov: Pristojni organi morajo voditi evidence o izpustih snovi iz Seznama I (člen 11).
- Pregled in dopolnitev seznamov snovi: Po potrebi se Seznama I in II dopolnjujeta na podlagi pridobljenih izkušenj (člen 14).
Vplivani proizvodi in akterji
- Snovi in kemikalije: Direktiva določa snovi iz dveh seznamov:
- Seznam I vključuje nevarne, strupene, obstojne in bioakumulativne snovi, kot so halogenske organske spojine, živo srebro, kadmij, rakotvorne snovi itd.
- Seznam II vsebuje snovi s škodljivim učinkom, ki so lokalno omejene, kot so nekateri kovinski metaloidi, biocidi, anorganske fosforjeve spojine, cianidi, fluordi, amoniak ipd.
- Industrijski obrati in povzročitelji onesnaženja: Vsi, ki v svojem obratu izpuščajo snovi s Seznama I ali II v vodno okolje, so zavezani pridobiti dovoljenja in upoštevati emisijske standarde.
- Državni organi: Pristojni organi za varstvo okolja so odgovorni za izdajo dovoljenj, spremljanje izpustov, izdelavo programov za zmanjšanje onesnaževanja in poročanje Komisiji.
- Komisija EU in Svet Evropskih Skupnosti: Prevladujoča vloga pri določanju mejnih vrednosti, ciljev kakovosti in spreminjanju Seznamov I in II.
Časovni okvir za izvedbo
- Direktiva je bila sprejeta 4. maja 1976.
- Rok za določitev mejnih vrednosti in merilnih metod je do 9 mesecev po predlogu Komisije, ki mora slediti objavi direktive in njeni notifikaciji (člen 12).
- Države članice morajo od začetka veljavnosti direktive poskrbeti za izdajo dovoljenj in izvajanje ukrepov iz direktive.
- Prvi programski ukrepi za snovi iz Seznama II se morajo izvajati skladno z določenimi roki v posameznih državah.
- Redno poročanje Komisiji in pregled izvajanja je predviden pri vsaki uporabi direktive (člen 13).
- Seznama snovi se lahko na podlagi izkušenj občasno popravita ali dopolnita.
Direktiva 76/464/EGS vzpostavlja temeljni pravni okvir za varstvo vodnih virov v EU pred nevarnimi onesnaževalci, s posebnim poudarkom na strupenih, obstojnih in bioakumulativnih snoveh, zahtevami za dovoljenja, emisijske standarde in programe za doseganje kakovosti voda.
Direktiva 76/464/EGS ureja onesnaževanje pri odvajanju nekaterih nevarnih snovi v vodno okolje Skupnosti. Vključuje celinske površinske vode (stoječe ali tekoče sladke vode na ozemlju držav članic), teritorialne vode, notranje morske vode in podzemno vodo. Direktiva se nanaša na izpuste snovi iz določenih seznamov nevarnih snovi, ki se odvajajo v omenjene vodne vire. Te snovi so izbrane zaradi njihove strupenosti, obstojnosti in bioakumulacije ter vključujejo organske halogene spojine, fosforjeve spojine, kovine kot so živo srebro in kadmij ter druge nevarne kemikalije. Direktiva predvideva predhodna dovoljenja za izpuste teh snovi in določa emisijske standarde z namenom zaščite vodnega okolja. Namen je preprečiti onesnaževanje predvsem z bioakumulativnimi in toksičnimi snovmi, ki bi lahko škodovale zdravju ljudi, vodnim organizmom in ekosistemom ter preprečile zakonito uporabo vodnih virov.
General Information
ISO 17353:2004 specifies a method for the identification and quantification of monobutyltin, dibutyltin, tributyltin, tetrabutyltin, monooctyltin, dioctyltin, triphenyltin, tricyclohexyltin compounds and/or cations in drinking water, surface water and wastewater containing not more than 2 g/l of suspended material. The working range is 10 ng/l to 1 000 ng/l. The respective anions are not determined.
This method can also be applicable to other compounds such as monomethyltin, dimethyltin, monophenyltin and diphenyltin compounds and/or cations. ISO 17353:2004 is also applicable to marine water.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 17353:2004 specifies a method for the identification and quantification of monobutyltin, dibutyltin, tributyltin, tetrabutyltin, monooctyltin, dioctyltin, triphenyltin, tricyclohexyltin compounds and/or cations in drinking water, surface water and wastewater containing not more than 2 g/l of suspended material. The working range is 10 ng/l to 1 000 ng/l. The respective anions are not determined.
This method can also be applicable to other compounds such as monomethyltin, dimethyltin, monophenyltin and diphenyltin compounds and/or cations. ISO 17353:2004 is also applicable to marine water.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 9562:2004 specifies a method for the direct determination of an amount of usually 10 micrograms per litre in water of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (expressed as chloride) adsorbable on activated carbon.
This method is applicable to test samples with concentrations of inorganic chloride ions of less than 1 g/l. Samples with higher concentrations are diluted prior to analysis.
This method is also applicable to samples containing suspended solids where halogens are adsorbed onto the solid matter (e.g. insoluble halides). Filtration of the sample before analysis allows the separate determination of dissolved and particulate adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX).
Filtered samples with high inorganic chloride content can be analysed by a modified method [dissolved adsorbable organically bound halogens after solid phase extraction in waters with high salt content (SPE-AOX)]. However, results obtained by this modified method can differ significantly from those of the required method.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 9562:2004 specifies a method for the direct determination of an amount of usually 10 micrograms per litre in water of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (expressed as chloride) adsorbable on activated carbon.
This method is applicable to test samples with concentrations of inorganic chloride ions of less than 1 g/l. Samples with higher concentrations are diluted prior to analysis.
This method is also applicable to samples containing suspended solids where halogens are adsorbed onto the solid matter (e.g. insoluble halides). Filtration of the sample before analysis allows the separate determination of dissolved and particulate adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX).
Filtered samples with high inorganic chloride content can be analysed by a modified method [dissolved adsorbable organically bound halogens after solid phase extraction in waters with high salt content (SPE-AOX)]. However, results obtained by this modified method can differ significantly from those of the required method.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the extraction processes and gas chromatographic (GC) methods for determining parathion, parathion-methyl and some other organophosphorus compounds in drinking waters, surface waters and waste waters. This standard may also be suitable for the determination of other organic compounds. The range is dependent on the compound and the source of water and is typically up to 1 ug/l with a reporting limit of 0,001 ug/l for drinking waters involving a 1 000 to 1 extraction ratio.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): CEN/TC 230N285: V.A ISO lead + see file CEN/TC 230 CORR (TA/970918) ++ SPPJ_09_Y_199804 ++ 980120: ISO/DIS 10695-1 was sent out in June 1997 in ISO for ENQ. ISO agrees to ++ wait until we carry out our PQ because their texts for FDIS will not become ++ available before May/June 1998 (TA/980120)
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): CEN/TC 230N285: V.A ISO lead + see file CEN/TC 230 CORR (TA/970918) ++ SPPJ_09_Y_199804 ++ 980120: ISO/DIS 10695-1 was sent out in June 1997 in ISO for ENQ. ISO agrees to ++ wait until we carry out our PQ because their texts for FDIS will not become ++ available before May/June 1998 (TA/980120)
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the gas chromatographic determination of 19 chlorophenols (2-, 3-, and 4- chlorophenol, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- and 3,5-dichlorophenol, 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6- and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-, 2,3,4,6-, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in drinking water, groundwater, rainwater, waste water, sea water and surface water.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the extraction processes and gas chromatographic (GC) methods for determining parathion, parathion-methyl and some other organophosphorus compounds in drinking waters, surface waters and waste waters. This standard may also be suitable for the determination of other organic compounds. The range is dependent on the compound and the source of water and is typically up to 1 ug/l with a reporting limit of 0,001 ug/l for drinking waters involving a 1 000 to 1 extraction ratio.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the gas chromatographic determination of 19 chlorophenols (2-, 3-, and 4- chlorophenol, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- and 3,5-dichlorophenol, 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6- and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-, 2,3,4,6-, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in drinking water, groundwater, rainwater, waste water, sea water and surface water.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Describes a method for determining certain organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorobenzenes (except the mono- and dichlorobenzenes) in drinking water, ground water, surface waters and waste waters. The method is applicable to samples containing up to 0,05 g/l of suspended solids.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Specifies two methods for the determination of highly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons using gas chromatography. Section 2 specifies a method for the determination by liquid/liquid extraction of highly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in drinking water, ground water, swimming pool water, most rivers and lakes and many sewage and industrial effluents. Section 3 specifies a method for the determination of highly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in drinking water, surface waters and ground water by a static headspace method. In practise, the head-space method is applicable for industrial effluents as a screening method, but in some cases it is necessary to confirm the result by the liquid-liquid extraction method.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of chromium in water by atomic absorption spectrometry. The two methods are covered in separate sections as follows. Section 2: Method A - Determination of chromium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Section 3: Method B - Determination of chromium by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Describes a method for determining certain organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorobenzenes (except the mono- and dichlorobenzenes) in drinking water, ground water, surface waters and waste waters. The method is applicable to samples containing up to 0,05 g/l of suspended solids.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Standard confirmed by resolution 281/2002
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of chromium in water by atomic absorption spectrometry. The two methods are covered in separate sections as follows. Section 2: Method A - Determination of chromium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Section 3: Method B - Determination of chromium by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Specifies two methods for the determination of cadmium: using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in an air-acetylene flame (aspiration of the acidified sample into the flame and measurement of the cadmium concentration at a wavelength of 228,8 nm) and by electrothermal atomization AAS (injection of the acidified sample into an electrically heated graphite tube of an electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometer and measurement of the absorbance at a wavelength of 228,8 nm).
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Specifies two methods for the determination of cadmium: using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in an air-acetylene flame (aspiration of the acidified sample into the flame and measurement of the cadmium concentration at a wavelength of 228,8 nm) and by electrothermal atomization AAS (injection of the acidified sample into an electrically heated graphite tube of an electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometer and measurement of the absorbance at a wavelength of 228,8 nm).
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a method for the detemination of arsenic and organically bounded arsenic in drinking waters, ground waters and surface waters, in a concentration range from 1µg/l to 10µg/l. Higher concentrations can be determined by a suitable dilution of the water sample.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a method for the detemination of arsenic and organically bounded arsenic in drinking waters, ground waters and surface waters, in a concentration range from 1µg/l to 10µg/l. Higher concentrations can be determined by a suitable dilution of the water sample.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of mercury. For the method described in Clause 4, tin(II) chloride is used as the reducing agent. For the method given in Clause 5, sodium borohydride serves as the reducing agent. The choice of method depends on the equipment available and the matrix (see Clause 3). Both methods are suitable for the determination of mercury in water, for example in drinking, ground, surface and waste waters, in a concentration range from 0,1 µg/l to 10 µg/l. Higher concentrations can be determined if the water sample is diluted. Lower concentrations in the range of 0,001 µg/l to 5 µg/l can be determined if special mercury analysers with an optimised instrument are used or if atomic fluorescence spectrometry is applied (see EN 13506 or ISO 17852).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the determination of mercury in two parts which use either tin(II)chloride or sodium tetrahydroborate as reducing agent. The methods described in clauses 4 and 5 are suitable for the determination of mercury in water, for example in ground, surface and waste waters, in the concentration range from 0,01 microgram/l to 1 microgram/l. Higher concentrations may be determined if the water sample is diluted.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Describes a procedure for water and waste water. Is applicable to concentrations in the range from 0,001 to 0,1 mg/l. In case of compounds which are difficult to decompose a procedure of digestion is described in the annex. By suitable dilution of the test portion with arsenic-free water higher concentrations may also be determined.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of mercury. For the method described in Clause 4, tin(II) chloride is used as the reducing agent. For the method given in Clause 5, sodium borohydride serves as the reducing agent. The choice of method depends on the equipment available and the matrix (see Clause 3). Both methods are suitable for the determination of mercury in water, for example in drinking, ground, surface and waste waters, in a concentration range from 0,1 µg/l to 10 µg/l. Higher concentrations can be determined if the water sample is diluted. Lower concentrations in the range of 0,001 µg/l to 5 µg/l can be determined if special mercury analysers with an optimised instrument are used or if atomic fluorescence spectrometry is applied (see EN 13506 or ISO 17852).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the determination of mercury in two parts which use either tin(II)chloride or sodium tetrahydroborate as reducing agent. The methods described in clauses 4 and 5 are suitable for the determination of mercury in water, for example in ground, surface and waste waters, in the concentration range from 0,01 microgram/l to 1 microgram/l. Higher concentrations may be determined if the water sample is diluted.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Describes a procedure for water and waste water. Is applicable to concentrations in the range from 0,001 to 0,1 mg/l. In case of compounds which are difficult to decompose a procedure of digestion is described in the annex. By suitable dilution of the test portion with arsenic-free water higher concentrations may also be determined.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies two methods for the determination of mercury. In the method described in clause 4, tin(II)chloride is used as reducing agent. IN the method given in clause 5, sodium tetrahydroborate serves as reducing agent. The choice of the method depends on the equipment available and the matrix (see clause 3). Both methods are suitable for the determination of mercury in water, for example in ground, surface and waste waters, in the concentration range from 0,1 microgramm/L to 10 microgramm/L. Higher concentrations can be determined if the water sample is diluted.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies two methods for the determination of mercury. In the method described in clause 4, tin(II)chloride is used as reducing agent. IN the method given in clause 5, sodium tetrahydroborate serves as reducing agent. The choice of the method depends on the equipment available and the matrix (see clause 3). Both methods are suitable for the determination of mercury in water, for example in ground, surface and waste waters, in the concentration range from 0,1 microgramm/L to 10 microgramm/L. Higher concentrations can be determined if the water sample is diluted.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a method for the direct determination of an amount of more than 10 microgram/l in water of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (expressed as chloride) adsorbable on activated carbon. The concentration of inorganic chloride ions in the test sample (see clause 8) needs to be less than 1 g/l. Samples with higher concentrations need to be diluted prior to analysis. For samples containing suspended solids, halogens adsorbed onto the solid matter are also included.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a method for the direct determination of an amount of more than 10 microgram/l in water of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (expressed as chloride) adsorbable on activated carbon. The concentration of inorganic chloride ions in the test sample (see clause 8) needs to be less than 1 g/l. Samples with higher concentrations need to be diluted prior to analysis. For samples containing suspended solids, halogens adsorbed onto the solid matter are also included.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 76/464/EEC covers "Pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community". There are 32 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 76/464/EEC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 76/464/EEC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.