ISO/TC 238/WG 2 - Fuel specifications and classes

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded hog fuel and wood chips for industrial use. It covers only hog fuel and wood chips produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1, Table 1): — 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood; — 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry; — 1.3 Used wood; — 1.4 Blends and mixtures. This document covers hog fuel that has pieces of varying size and shape, produced by crushing with blunt tools such as rollers, hammers, or flails, and wood chips which are defined as chipped woody biomass with a sub-rectangular shape and a typical length of 5 mm to 50 mm typically in the form of pieces with a defined particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives. See 1.1.2 in ISO 17225-1, Table 1 for by-products and residues from wood processing industry, which can include chemically treated material (e.g. glued, painted, laminated), are not allowed to contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher than typical values of the country of origin (see Annex B in ISO 17225-1). NOTE If 1.4 Blends and mixtures includes 1.3.2 Chemically treated used wood, it can be only used in the installations permitted to use 1.3.2.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded firewood. This document covers only firewood produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17725‑1:2021, Table 1): — 1.1.1 Whole trees without roots; — 1.1.3 Stem wood; — 1.1.4 Logging residues (thick branches, tops etc.); — 1.2.1 Chemically untreated by-products and residues from wood processing industry.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded non-woody pellets. This document covers only non-woody pellets produced from the following raw material (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1): — 2 Herbaceous biomass — 3 Fruit biomass — 4 Aquatic biomass — 5 Biomass blends and mixtures NOTE 1 Herbaceous biomass originates from plants that have a non-woody stem and which die back at the end of the growing season. It includes grains or seeds crops from food production or processing industry and their by-products such as cereals. NOTE 2 Blends and mixtures include blends and mixtures from the main origin-based solid biofuel groups woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and aquatic biomass. Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture is to be described using ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1. If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material it shall be stated. NOTE 3 Thermally treated biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets) are not included in the scope of this document.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded non-woody briquettes. This document covers only non-woody briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1): — 2 Herbaceous biomass — 3 Fruit biomass — 4 Aquatic biomass — 5 Biomass blends and mixtures NOTE 1 Herbaceous biomass originates from plants that have a non-woody stem and which die back at the end of the growing season. It includes grains or seeds crops from food production or processing industry and their by-products such as cereals. NOTE 2 Blends and mixtures include blends and mixtures from the main origin-based solid biofuel groups woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and aquatic biomass. Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture is to be described using ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1. If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material it shall be stated. NOTE 3 Thermally treated biomass briquettes (e.g. torrefied briquettes) are not included in the scope of this document

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications for solid biofuels of raw and processed materials originating from a) forestry and arboriculture; b) agriculture and horticulture; c) aquaculture. Chemically treated material may not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values (see Annex B) or higher than typical values of the country of origin. NOTE Raw and processed material includes woody, herbaceous, fruit, aquatic biomass and biodegradable waste originating from above sectors.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded wood pellets for non-industrial and industrial use. This document covers only wood pellets produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1): — 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood; — 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry; — 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood. Thermally treated biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets) are not included in the scope of this document.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded wood briquettes. This document covers only wood briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1: 2021, Table 1): 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood NOTE Thermally treated biomass briquettes (e.g. torrefied briquettes) are not included in the scope of this document.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded wood chips. This document covers only wood chips produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1:2021, Table 1): 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood; 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry; 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood. This document covers only wood chips, which are produced with sharp tools, and does not cover hog fuel, which is produced with blunt tools.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded hog fuel and wood chips for industrial use. It covers only hog fuel and wood chips produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1:—, Table 1): — 1.1 forest, plantation and other virgin wood; — 1.2 by-products and residues from wood processing industry; — 1.3.1 chemically untreated used wood; — 1.4 blends and mixtures. This document covers hog fuel, which is produced with blunt tools, and wood chips, which are produced with sharp tools. NOTE 1 1.2.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry, which can include chemically treated material (e.g. glued, painted, laminated) are not allowed include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values (see Annex B in ISO 17225-1) or higher than typical values of the country of origin. NOTE 2 If class I4 includes chemically treated used wood (1.3.2), it can be only used in the installations permitted to use 1.3.2.

ISO/TS 17225-8:2016 determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded densified solid biofuels produced from thermally treated biomass for non-industrial and industrial use. This document covers pellets and briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1:2014, Table 1): - 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood; - 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry; - 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood; - 2. Herbaceous biomass; - 3. Fruit biomass; - 4. Aquatic biomass. Subcategories of the above stated raw materials are included. ISO/TS 17225-8:2016 does not consider products, which are marketed as charcoal or as charcoal products. For these products, ISO 17225‑1:2014, Table 14 shall apply. NOTE 1 For thermally treated powder, ISO 17225‑1:2014, Table 15 or Table 16 may be used for specification. NOTE 2 Health, safety and environmental issues for solid biofuels are important and need special attention; however, they are outside the scope of this document.