CEN/TC 184/WG 5 - Ceramic coatings

1.1   This European Standard describes a method for evaluating the wear of ceramic coatings by use of a reciprocating wear test whereby a flat or spherically ended pin is reciprocated, under load, against a flat plate. Depending on the conditions being simulated, either the pin or plate or both may be coated with the material under test, with the other member of the couple being selected for its relevance to the system under evaluation. The method described is considered to be not suitable for evaluating fretting wear.
1.2   The method is intended for evaluating coatings with a thickness of more than 1 μm, though might also be used for testing thinner coatings.
1.3   The test may be carried out under either dry or lubricated conditions. However, the test is not designed for evaluating the properties of lubricants except insofar as they affect the wear behaviour of the materials being tested. Related methods for testing lubricants using reciprocating motion are given in references [4] to [6].
1.4   Testing a materials couple under a range of loading conditions might provide information about the adhesive and/or cohesive strength of the coating, in addition to its wear behaviour.

1.1   This part of EN 1071 describes a method for evaluating the wear of ceramic coatings by use of a test in which a flat or spherically ended pin is brought, under load, into contact with the flat surface of a disk and the two are set in relative motion such that the pin describes a circular path on the disk. Depending on the conditions being simulated, either the pin or disk or both may be coated with the material under test, with the other member of the couple being selected for its relevance to the system under evaluation.
1.2   Where suitable equipment is available, the test may be used to determine the friction generated in the sliding contact.
1.3   The method is suitable for evaluating coatings in the thickness range from 1 to more than 100μm, and with suitable choice of conditions might also be applicable to testing thinner coatings.
1.4   Testing may be under either dry or lubricated conditions. However, the test is not designed for evaluating the properties of lubricants except in so far as they affect the wear behaviour of the materials being tested. Related methods for testing lubricants using a reciprocating motion are given in references [4] – [6].
1.5   Testing a materials couple under a range of loading conditions might provide information about the adhesive and/or cohesive strength of the coating, in addition to its wear behaviour.

This document specifies a method of measuring the thickness of ceramic coatings by means of examination of a metallographically prepared cross-section of the coating in a calibrated optical or scanning electron microscope. It draws strongly on EN ISO 9220 [8], modifying and updating as required to be relevant to ceramic coatings and current best practice.

This European Standard describes methods for chemical analysis of ceramic coatings by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an electron probe microanalyser.
The methods described are limited to the examination of single layer coatings when the analysis is carried out normal to the sample surface, but graded and multilayer coatings may also be analysed in cross-section if the thickness of the individual layers or gradations are greater than the maximum width of the volume of material within which characteristic or fluorescent X-rays are generated.
NOTE   This method can also be used for the analysis of bulk materials.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the internal stress in thin ceramic coatings by application of the Stoney formula to the results obtained from measurement of the radius of curvature of coated strips or discs.

This part of EN 1071 describes a method of measuring the fracture strain of ceramic coatings by means of uniaxial tension or compression tests coupled with acoustic emission to monitor the onset of cracking of the coating. Tensile or compressive strains can also be applied by flexure using four-point bending. Measurements can be made in favourable cases at elevated temperatures as well as at room temperature.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the thickness of ceramic coatings by measurement of the step height using a contact probe profilometer.
NOTE   An alternative measurement of thickness, using a crater grinding method, is specified in ENV 1071 2.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the thickness of ceramic coatings by a crater grinding method which includes the grinding of a spherical cavity and subsequent microscopic examination of the crater.
NOTE   An alternative measurement of thickness, using a contact probe profilometer, is specified in EN 1071 1.

1 Scope
1.1   This part of ENV 1071 describes a method of measuring the abrasive wear rate of ceramic coatings by means of a micro-abrasion wear test based on the well known crater grinding technique used for film thickness determination - see ENV 1071-2.
1.2   The method can provide data on both film and substrate wear rates, either by performing two separate tests or by careful analysis of the data from a single test series.
1.3   The test method may be applied to samples with planar or non-planar surfaces but the analysis described in clause 11 applies only to flat samples. For non-planar samples a more complicated analysis, possibly requiring the use of numerical methods, is required.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Result of the merging of WIs 121 and 132 (TC Res 13/1999) (CC/000203) ++ TC agrees to modify the ENV into new deliverable CEN/TS (CC/011211)

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV ++ Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199212, REAL53=199306

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Stage 41/51=ENV

This document specifies a method for the evaluation of the adhesion of ceramic coatings by indentation with a Rockwell diamond indenter.  The formation of cracks after indentation may also reveal cohesive failure.  The indentations are made with a Rockwell hardness test instrument.
The method described in this document may also be suitable for evaluating the adhesion of metallic coatings.

This document specifies a method of measuring the thickness of ceramic coatings by means of examination of a metallographically prepared cross-section of the coating in a calibrated optical or scanning electron microscope. It draws strongly on EN ISO 9220 [8], modifying and updating as required to be relevant to ceramic coatings and current best practice.

This part of ENV 1071 describes a method of measuring the fracture strain of ceramic coatings by means of uniaxial tension or compression tests coupled with acoustic emission to monitor the onset of cracking of the coating.  Tensile or compressive strains can also be applied by flexure using four point bending.  Measurements can be made in favourable cases at elevated temperatures as well as at room temperature.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199203, REAL53=199203.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199109, REAL53=199109.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199201, REAL53=199203.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199203, REAL53=199203.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Information on ENV: ++ REAL41=199203, REAL53=199203.