C27.10 - Utility Structures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches. It applies to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both. It provides engineering design and testing criteria for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof. It also includes production loading criteria to allow the access hatches to be tested in order to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches, as well as hatch loading selection guidelines to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement. This specification also details requirements with respect to the acceptability of the access hatches, material certification and quality control, repairs, inspection, marking, optional features as part of the access hatch design, and submittal drawings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of substantially horizontal fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both.  
1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof.  
1.4 Proof loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be designed by engineering calculation and/or by ultimate strength load testing.  
1.5 Production loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be tested to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches.  
1.6 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. The installation area shall be surveyed using the workprint and a checklist to identify the work to be done and to determine that the plans are correct. Permits required to do work in accordance with the detail plans shall be secured before starting the job. All permits or a record of the permits shall be retained on the job for immediate reference. Safety requirements for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations. Shoring for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this practice. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478/C478M are excluded from this practice.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.  
5.2 The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.  
Note 1: For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2: The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured. The manufacturer shall have the following responsibilities: develop and use an effective quality control program that shall include material controls, tests, and inspections as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser throughout the fabrication process; make available the inspection records and associated test data; notify the inspector of any changes in material, method of fabrication, or quality control procedure; designate an individual as liaison to the inspector who will sign the inspection activity reports, and when necessary, will be available to the inspector to discuss matters pertaining to inspection, fabrication, and quality control; prepare sufficient concrete test cylinders to meet the purchaser's requirements for compressive strength; assemble, upon request, (without grout) selected concrete component sections to form a complete structure assembly to determine that fit-up requirements are as specified; and provide marking according to purchaser requirements. On the other hand, the inspector's responsibilities shall be the following: familiarize himself with the manufacturer's quality control program; determine that the fabrication of the precast units complies with drawings approved by the purchaser, including hardware and general requirements; immediately report to the purchaser and manufacturer any component parts, complete structures, etc., not in compliance; and clearly indicate on the inspection activity report any fabrication problems encountered and solutions utilized. The inspector shall inspect the materials and fabricated products such as reinforcing steel, assembly, hardware, and concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured in accordance with Practice C857 and Specification C858.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches. It applies to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both. It provides engineering design and testing criteria for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof. It also includes production loading criteria to allow the access hatches to be tested in order to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches, as well as hatch loading selection guidelines to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement. This specification also details requirements with respect to the acceptability of the access hatches, material certification and quality control, repairs, inspection, marking, optional features as part of the access hatch design, and submittal drawings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of substantially horizontal fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both.  
1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof.  
1.4 Proof loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be designed by engineering calculation and/or by ultimate strength load testing.  
1.5 Production loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be tested to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches.  
1.6 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. The installation area shall be surveyed using the workprint and a checklist to identify the work to be done and to determine that the plans are correct. Permits required to do work in accordance with the detail plans shall be secured before starting the job. All permits or a record of the permits shall be retained on the job for immediate reference. Safety requirements for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations. Shoring for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this practice. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both.  
1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof.  
1.4 Proof loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be designed by engineering calculation and/or by ultimate strength load testing.  
1.5 Production loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be tested to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches.  
1.6 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both.  
1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof.  
1.4 Proof loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be designed by engineering calculation and/or by ultimate strength load testing.  
1.5 Production loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be tested to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches.  
1.6 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both.  
1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof.  
1.4 Proof loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be designed by engineering calculation and/or by ultimate strength load testing.  
1.5 Production loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be tested to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches.  
1.6 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.  
5.2 The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.  
Note 1: For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2: The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured. The manufacturer shall have the following responsibilities: develop and use an effective quality control program that shall include material controls, tests, and inspections as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser throughout the fabrication process; make available the inspection records and associated test data; notify the inspector of any changes in material, method of fabrication, or quality control procedure; designate an individual as liaison to the inspector who will sign the inspection activity reports, and when necessary, will be available to the inspector to discuss matters pertaining to inspection, fabrication, and quality control; prepare sufficient concrete test cylinders to meet the purchaser's requirements for compressive strength; assemble, upon request, (without grout) selected concrete component sections to form a complete structure assembly to determine that fit-up requirements are as specified; and provide marking according to purchaser requirements. On the other hand, the inspector's responsibilities shall be the following: familiarize himself with the manufacturer's quality control program; determine that the fabrication of the precast units complies with drawings approved by the purchaser, including hardware and general requirements; immediately report to the purchaser and manufacturer any component parts, complete structures, etc., not in compliance; and clearly indicate on the inspection activity report any fabrication problems encountered and solutions utilized. The inspector shall inspect the materials and fabricated products such as reinforcing steel, assembly, hardware, and concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured in accordance with Practice C857 and Specification C858.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both.  
1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof.  
1.4 Production loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be tested to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches.  
1.5 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches. It applies to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both. It provides engineering design and testing criteria for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof. It also includes production loading criteria to allow the access hatches to be tested in order to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches, as well as hatch loading selection guidelines to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement. This specification also details requirements with respect to the acceptability of the access hatches, material certification and quality control, repairs, inspection, marking, optional features as part of the access hatch design, and submittal drawings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, testing, manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metal access hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structures including utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, meter vaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, piping trenches, and drainage trenches.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to various configurations of access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of various materials and grades for various loading conditions, traffic speeds, or both.  
1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided for access hatches to be located in various areas subjected to various loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combinations thereof.  
1.4 Proof loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be designed by engineering calculation and/or by ultimate strength load testing.  
1.5 Production loading criteria is provided to allow the access hatches to be tested to verify the load capacity of the manufactured hatches.  
1.6 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allow selection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditions of the actual area of placement.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.  
5.2 The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice. Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.  
5.2 The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice. Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.
The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.
Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.
The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.
Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. The installation area shall be surveyed using the workprint and a checklist to identify the work to be done and to determine that the plans are correct. Permits required to do work in accordance with the detail plans shall be secured before starting the job. All permits or a record of the permits shall be retained on the job for immediate reference. Safety requirements for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations. Shoring for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this practice. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. The installation area shall be surveyed using the workprint and a checklist to identify the work to be done and to determine that the plans are correct. Permits required to do work in accordance with the detail plans shall be secured before starting the job. All permits or a record of the permits shall be retained on the job for immediate reference. Safety requirements for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations. Shoring for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this practice. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C 478 are excluded from this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured. The manufacturer shall have the following responsibilities: develop and use an effective quality control program that shall include material controls, tests, and inspections as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser throughout the fabrication process; make available the inspection records and associated test data; notify the inspector of any changes in material, method of fabrication, or quality control procedure; designate an individual as liaison to the inspector who will sign the inspection activity reports, and when necessary, will be available to the inspector to discuss matters pertaining to inspection, fabrication, and quality control; prepare sufficient concrete test cylinders to meet the purchaser's requirements for compressive strength; assemble, upon request, (without grout) selected concrete component sections to form a complete structure assembly to determine that fit-up requirements are as specified; and provide marking according to purchaser requirements. On the other hand, the inspector's responsibilities shall be the following: familiarize himself with the manufacturer's quality control program; determine that the fabrication of the precast units complies with drawings approved by the purchaser, including hardware and general requirements; immediately report to the purchaser and manufacturer any component parts, complete structures, etc., not in compliance; and clearly indicate on the inspection activity report any fabrication problems encountered and solutions utilized. The inspector shall inspect the materials and fabricated products such as reinforcing steel, assembly, hardware, and concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured in accordance with Practice C 857 and Specification C 858.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C 478 are excluded from this specification.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.
The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C 478 are excluded from this practice. Note 1 - For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2 - The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C 478 are excluded from this specification.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. The installation area shall be surveyed using the workprint and a checklist to identify the work to be done and to determine that the plans are correct. Permits required to do work in accordance with the detail plans shall be secured before starting the job. All permits or a record of the permits shall be retained on the job for immediate reference. Safety requirements for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations. Shoring for construction shall be in accordance with all federal, state, and local regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this practice. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C 478 are excluded from this practice.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C 478 are excluded from this practice.
Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Fifteenth Edition.
Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C 478 are excluded from this practice.
Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Fifteenth Edition.
Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, and installation of underground precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured in accordance with Practice C857 and Specification C858.  
1.2  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the inspection of underground precast concrete utility structures designed and manufactured in accordance with Practice C857 and Specification C858.  
1.2  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts and material covered in Specification C478, for Precast Reinforced Manhole Sections , are excluded from this specification.