D03.03 - Determination of Heating Value and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The methane number (MN) is a measure of the resistance of the gaseous fuel to autoignition (knock) when used in an internal combustion engine. The relative merits of gaseous fuels from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their methane numbers. Therefore, the calculated methane number (MNC) is used as a parameter for determining the suitability of a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines in both mobile and stationary applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method to determine the calculated methane number (MNC) of a gaseous fuel used in internal combustion engines. The basis for the method is a dynamic link library (DLL) suitable for running on computers with Microsoft Windows operating systems.  
1.2 This practice pertains to commercially available natural gas products that have been processed and are suitable for use in internal combustion engines. These fuels can be from traditional geological or renewable sources and include pipeline gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and renewable natural gas as defined in Section 3.  
1.3 The calculation method within this practice is based on the MWM Method as defined in EN 16726, Annex A.2 The calculation method is an optimization algorithm that uses varying sequences of ternary and binary gas component tables generated from the composition of a gaseous fuel sample.3 Both the source code and a Microsoft Excel-based calculator are available for this method.  
1.4 This calculation method applies to gaseous fuels comprising of hydrocarbons from methane to hexane and greater (C6+); carbon monoxide; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; nitrogen; and carbon dioxide. The calculation method addresses pentanes (C5) and higher hydrocarbons and limits the individual volume fraction of C5 and C6+ to 3 % each and a combined total of 5 %. (See EN 16726, Annex A.) The calculation method is performed on a dry, oxygen-free basis.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an accurate and reliable procedure to measure the total heating value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.  
5.2 Some instruments which conform to the requirements set forth in this test method can have response times on the order of 1 min or less and can be used for on-line measurement and control.  
5.3 The method is sensitive to the presence of oxygen and nonparaffin fuels. For components not listed and composition ranges that fall outside those in Table 1 and Table 2, modifications in the method and changes to the calibration gas or gasses being used may be required to obtain correct results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heating value of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures within the range of composition shown in Table 1, and Table 2 that covers flare components but is not intended to limit the components to be measured in flare gases.    
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides an accurate and reliable method to measure the total calorific value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination with the continuous recording calorimeter (Note 1) of the total calorific (heating) value of fuel gas produced or sold in the natural gas range from 900 to 1200 Btu/standard ft3.  
Note 1: An extensive investigation of the accuracy of the Cutler-Hammer recording gas calorimeter, when used with gases of high heating value, was made by the National Bureau of Standards in 1957 under a research project sponsored by the American Gas Association.  
1.2 The subjects covered in this test method appear in the following sections:    
Sections  
Air-Gas Ratio Test  
11  
Apparatus  
5  
Basis of Measurement  
14  
Cold Balance Test  
10  
Compensation of Complicating Factors  
13  
Condition of Gas Sample  
7  
Definitions  
2  
Installation of Apparatus  
6  
Maintenance  
Appendix X1  
Operating Precautions  
Appendix X2  
Operation and Checking of Apparatus  
9  
Precision  
15  
Scope  
1  
Significance and Use  
4  
Standardization of Calorimeter  
12  
Standardization, Preliminary, of Calorimeter by Hydrogen  
8  
Summary of Test Method  
3  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The heating value is a measure of the suitability of a pure gas or a gas mixture for use as a fuel; it indicates the amount of energy that can be obtained as heat by burning a unit of gas. For use as heating agents, the relative merits of gases from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their heating values. Therefore, the heating value is used as a parameter for determining the price of gas in custody transfer. It is also an essential factor in calculating the efficiencies of energy conversion devices such as gas-fired turbines. The heating values of a gas depend not only upon the temperature and pressure, but also upon the degree of saturation with water vapor. However, some calorimetric methods for measuring heating values are based upon the gas being saturated with water at the specified conditions.  
5.2 The relative density (specific gravity) of a gas quantifies the density of the gas as compared with that of air under the same conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating heating value, relative density, and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60°F (15.6°C)) for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis.2 It applies to all common types of utility gaseous fuels, for example, dry natural gas, reformed gas, oil gas (both high and low Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, coke oven gas, and retort coal gas, for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods provide accurate and reliable methods to measure the relative density of gaseous fuels on an intermittent or continuous basis. These measurements are frequently used for regulatory or contract compliance custody transfer and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relative density of gaseous fuels, including liquefied petroleum gases, in the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The test methods specified are sufficiently varied in nature so that one or more may be used for laboratory, control, reference, gas measurement, or in fact, for any purpose in which it is desired to know the relative density of gas or gases as compared to the density of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:    
Section  
Method A, Ac-Me Gravity Balance  
7 – 9  
Method B, Ranarex Recording and Indicating Gravitometer  
10-11  
Method C, UGC Gravitometer  
12 – 14
Note 1: The test methods and apparatus described herein are representative of methods and apparatus used broadly in industry. Manufacturer's instructions for specific models should be consulted for further details and as supplements to the information presented here. In addition to instrumentation described below additional equally accurate and satisfactory instruments may be available.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The methane number (MN) is a measure of the resistance of the gaseous fuel to autoignition (knock) when used in an internal combustion engine. The relative merits of gaseous fuels from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their methane numbers. Therefore, the calculated methane number (MNC) is used as a parameter for determining the suitability of a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines in both mobile and stationary applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method to determine the calculated methane number (MNC) of a gaseous fuel used in internal combustion engines. The basis for the method is a dynamic link library (DLL) suitable for running on computers with Microsoft Windows operating systems.  
1.2 This practice pertains to commercially available natural gas products that have been processed and are suitable for use in internal combustion engines. These fuels can be from traditional geological or renewable sources and include pipeline gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and renewable natural gas (RNG) as defined in Section 3.  
1.3 The calculation method within this practice is based on the MWM Method as defined in EN 16726, Annex A.2 The calculation method is an optimization algorithm that uses varying sequences of ternary and binary gas component tables generated from the composition of a gaseous fuel sample.3 Both the source code and a Microsoft Excel-based calculator are available for this method.  
1.4 This calculation method applies to gaseous fuels comprising of hydrocarbons from methane to hexane and greater (C6+); carbon monoxide; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; nitrogen; and carbon dioxide. The calculation method addresses pentanes (C5) and higher hydrocarbons and limits the individual volume fraction of C5 and C6+ to 3 % each and a combined total of 5 %. (See EN 16726, Annex A.) The calculation method is performed on a dry, oxygen-free basis.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The methane number (MN) is a measure of the resistance of the gaseous fuel to autoignition (knock) when used in an internal combustion engine. The relative merits of gaseous fuels from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their methane numbers. Therefore, the calculated methane number (MNC) is used as a parameter for determining the suitability of a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines in both mobile and stationary applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method to determine the calculated methane number (MNC) of a gaseous fuel used in internal combustion engines. The basis for the method is a dynamic link library (DLL) suitable for running on computers with Microsoft Windows operating systems.  
1.2 This practice pertains to commercially available natural gas products that have been processed and are suitable for use in internal combustion engines. These fuels can be from traditional geological or renewable sources and include pipeline gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and renewable natural gas (RNG) as defined in Section 3.  
1.3 The calculation method within this practice is based on the MWM Method as defined in EN 16726, Annex A.2 The calculation method is an optimization algorithm that uses varying sequences of ternary and binary gas component tables generated from the composition of a gaseous fuel sample.3 Both the source code and a Microsoft Excel-based calculator are available for this method.  
1.4 This calculation method applies to gaseous fuels comprising of hydrocarbons from methane to hexane and greater (C6+); carbon monoxide; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; nitrogen; and carbon dioxide. The calculation method addresses pentanes (C5) and higher hydrocarbons and limits the individual volume fraction of C5 and C6+ to 3 % each and a combined total of 5 %. (See EN 16726, Annex A.) The calculation method is performed on a dry, oxygen-free basis.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The methane number (MN) is a measure of the resistance of the gaseous fuel to autoignition (knock) when used in an internal combustion engine. The relative merits of gaseous fuels from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their methane numbers. Therefore, the calculated methane number (MNC) is used as a parameter for determining the suitability of a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines in both mobile and stationary applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method to determine the calculated methane number (MNC) of a gaseous fuel used in internal combustion engines. The basis for the method is a dynamic link library (DLL) suitable for running on computers with Microsoft Windows operating systems.  
1.2 This practice pertains to commercially available natural gas products that have been processed and are suitable for use in internal combustion engines. These fuels can be from traditional geological or renewable sources and include pipeline gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and renewable natural gas (RNG) as defined in Section 3.  
1.3 The calculation method within this practice is based on the MWM Method as defined in EN 16726, Annex A.2 The calculation method is an optimization algorithm that uses varying sequences of ternary and binary gas component tables generated from the composition of a gaseous fuel sample.3 Both the source code and a Microsoft Excel-based calculator are available for this method.  
1.4 This calculation method applies to gaseous fuels comprising of hydrocarbons from methane to hexane and greater (C6+); carbon monoxide; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; nitrogen; and carbon dioxide. The calculation method addresses pentanes (C5) and higher hydrocarbons and limits the individual volume fraction of C5 and C6+ to 3 % each and a combined total of 5 %. (See EN 16726, Annex A.) The calculation method is performed on a dry, oxygen-free basis.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard practice are for reference only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The heating value is a measure of the suitability of a pure gas or a gas mixture for use as a fuel; it indicates the amount of energy that can be obtained as heat by burning a unit of gas. For use as heating agents, the relative merits of gases from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their heating values. Therefore, the heating value is used as a parameter for determining the price of gas in custody transfer. It is also an essential factor in calculating the efficiencies of energy conversion devices such as gas-fired turbines. The heating values of a gas depend not only upon the temperature and pressure, but also upon the degree of saturation with water vapor. However, some calorimetric methods for measuring heating values are based upon the gas being saturated with water at the specified conditions.  
5.2 The relative density (specific gravity) of a gas quantifies the density of the gas as compared with that of air under the same conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating heating value, relative density, and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60°F (15.6°C)) for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis.2 It applies to all common types of utility gaseous fuels, for example, dry natural gas, reformed gas, oil gas (both high and low Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, coke oven gas, and retort coal gas, for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an accurate and reliable procedure to measure the total heating value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.  
5.2 Some instruments which conform to the requirements set forth in this test method can have response times on the order of 1 min or less and can be used for on-line measurement and control.  
5.3 The method is sensitive to the presence of oxygen and nonparaffin fuels. For components not listed and composition ranges that fall outside those in Table 1 and Table 2, modifications in the method and changes to the calibration gas or gasses being used may be required to obtain correct results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heating value of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures within the range of composition shown in Table 1, and Table 2 that covers flare components but is not intended to limit the components to be measured in flare gases.TABLE 1 Natural Gas Components and Range of Composition Covered    
Compound  
Concentration Range, mole, %  
Helium  
0.01 to 5    
Nitrogen  
0.01 to 20  
Carbon dioxide  
0.01 to 10  
Methane  
50 to 100    
Ethane  
0.01 to 20  
Propane  
0.01 to 20  
n-butane  
0.01 to 10  
isobutane  
0.01 to 10  
n-pentane  
0.01 to 2    
Isopentane  
0.01 to 2    
Hexanes and heavier  
0.01 to 2  
TABLE 2 Natural Gas Components and Range of Composition CoveredA    
Compound  
CAS Number  
Volatile Analytes  
Acetone  
67-64-1    
Acetonitrile  
75-05-8  
Acrolein  
107-05-8  
Acrylonitrile  
107-13-1    
Benzene  
71-43-2 2  
1,3-Butadiene  
106-99-0    
Carbon disulfide  
75-15-0    
Chlorobenzene  
108-90-7  
Cumene (isopropylbenzene)  
98-82-8  
1,2-Dibromoethane  
106-93-4    
Ethylbenzene  
100-41-4 2,2,4    
Hexane  
110-54-3  
Methanol  
67-56-1  
Methyl isobutyl ketone  
108-10-1  
Methyl t-butyl ether  
1634-04-4  
Methylene chloride  
75-09-2  
Nitrobenzene  
98-95-3  
Nitropropane  
79-46-9  
Pentane2  
109-66-0  
Styrene  
100-42-5  
Tetrachloroethene  
127-18-4  
Toluene  
108-88-3  
Trichloroethene  
79-01-6  
Trimethylpentane  
2 540-84-1  
Xylenes (mixed isomers)  
1330-20-7  
Trimethylpentane  
2 540-84-1  
Xylenes (mixed isomers)  
1330-20-7  
Semi-volatile Analytes  
Acenaphthene  
83-32-9    
Acenaphthylene  
208-96-8    
Aniline  
62-53-3  
Anthracene  
120-12-7  
Benzidine1  
92-87-5    
Benz[a]anthracene  
56-55-3  
Benzo[b]fluoranthene  
205-99-2  
Benzo[k]fluoranthene  
207-08-9  
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene  
191-24-2  
Benzo[a]pyrene  
50-32-8    
Benzo[e]pyrene2  
192-97-2  
Biphenyl2,  
92-52-4    
Cresol (mixed isomers)  
1319-77-3  
Chrysene  
218-01-9  
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene  
53-70-3  
Dibenzofuran  
132-64-9  
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene  
192-65-4  
3,3’- Dimethoxybenzidine  
119-90-4  
Dimethylaminobenzene  
60-11-7  
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene  
57-97-6  
3,3’- Dimethylbenzidine  
119-93-7  
á,á- Dimethylphenethylamine  
122-09-8  
2,4-Dimethylphenol  
105-67-9  
Fluoranthene  
206-44-0  
Fluorene  
86-73-7  
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene  
193-39-5  
Isophorone  
78-59-1  
3-Methylcholanthrene  
56-49-5  
2-Methylnaphthalene  
91-57-6  
Naphthalene  
91-20-3  
Perylene2  
198-55-0  
Phenanthrene  
85-01-8  
Phenol  
108-95-2  
1,4-Phenylenediamine  
106-50-3  
Pyrene  
129-00-0  
o-Toluidine  
95-53-4  
Aldehydes    
Methanol  
67-56-1  
Formaldehyde  
50-00-0  
Acetaldehyde  
75-07-0  
Propanal  
123-38-6  
C1 to C5 Hydrocarbons  
Description  
Compound  
CAS Number  
C1 Alkanes  
Methane  
74-82-8  
C2 Alkanes  
Ethane  
74-84-0  
C3 Alkanes  
Propane  
74-...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The heating value is a measure of the suitability of a pure gas or a gas mixture for use as a fuel; it indicates the amount of energy that can be obtained as heat by burning a unit of gas. For use as heating agents, the relative merits of gases from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their heating values. Therefore, the heating value is used as a parameter for determining the price of gas in custody transfer. It is also an essential factor in calculating the efficiencies of energy conversion devices such as gas-fired turbines. The heating values of a gas depend not only upon the temperature and pressure, but also upon the degree of saturation with water vapor. However, some calorimetric methods for measuring heating values are based upon the gas being saturated with water at the specified conditions.
The relative density (specific gravity) of a gas quantifies the density of the gas as compared with that of air under the same conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating heating value, relative density, and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60°F (15.6°C)) for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis. It applies to all common types of utility gaseous fuels, for example, dry natural gas, reformed gas, oil gas (both high and low Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, coke oven gas, and retort coal gas, for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides an accurate and reliable method to measure the total calorific value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination with the continuous recording calorimeter (Note 1) of the total calorific (heating) value of fuel gas produced or sold in the natural gas range from 900 to 1200 Btu/standard ft3.
Note 1—An extensive investigation of the accuracy of the Cutler-Hammer recording gas calorimeter, when used with gases of high heating value, was made by the National Bureau of Standards in 1957 under a research project sponsored by the American Gas Association.  
1.2 The subjects covered in this test method appear in the following sections:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods provide accurate and reliable methods to measure the relative density of gaseous fuels on an intermittent or continuous basis. These measurements are frequently used for regulatory or contract compliance custody transfer and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relative density of gaseous fuels, including liquefied petroleum gases, in the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The test methods specified are sufficiently varied in nature so that one or more may be used for laboratory, control, reference, gas measurement, or in fact, for any purpose in which it is desired to know the relative density of gas or gases as compared to the density of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides an accurate and reliable procedure to measure the total heating value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.
Some instruments which conform to the requirements set forth in this test method can have response times on the order of 1 min or less and can be used for on-line measurement and control.
The method is sensitive to the presence of oxygen and nonparaffin fuels. For components not listed and composition ranges that fall outside those in Table 1, modifications in the method may be required to obtain correct results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heating value of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures within the range of composition shown in Table 1.
1.2  This standard involves combustible gases. It is not the purpose of this standard to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides an accurate and reliable method to measure the total calorific value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination with the continuous recording calorimeter (Note 1) of the total calorific (heating) value of fuel gas produced or sold in the natural gas range from 900 to 1200 Btu/standard ft3.
Note 1—An extensive investigation of the accuracy of the Cutler-Hammer recording gas calorimeter, when used with gases of high heating value, was made by the National Bureau of Standards in 1957 under a research project sponsored by the American Gas Association.
1.2 The subjects covered in this test method appear in the following sections:SectionsAir-Gas Ratio Test11Apparatus5Basis of Measurement14Cold Balance Test10Compensation of Complicating Factors13Condition of Gas Sample7Definitions2Installation of Apparatus6MaintenanceAppendix X1Operating PrecautionsAppendix X2Operation and Checking of Apparatus9Precision15Scope1Significance and Use4Standardization of Calorimeter12Standardization, Preliminary, of Calorimeter by Hydrogen8Summary of Test Method3
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The heating value is a measure of the suitability of a pure gas or a gas mixture for use as a fuel; it indicates the amount of energy that can be obtained as heat by burning a unit of gas. For use as heating agents, the relative merits of gases from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their heating values. Therefore, the heating value is used as a parameter for determining the price of gas in custody transfer. It is also an essential factor in calculating the efficiencies of energy conversion devices such as gas-fired turbines. The heating values of a gas depend not only upon the temperature and pressure, but also upon the degree of saturation with water vapor. However, some calorimetric methods for measuring heating values are based upon the gas being saturated with water at the specified conditions.
The relative density (specific gravity) of a gas quantifies the density of the gas as compared with that of air under the same conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating heating value, relative density, and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60°F (15.6°C)) for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis. It applies to all common types of utility gaseous fuels, for example, dry natural gas, reformed gas, oil gas (both high and low Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, coke oven gas, and retort coal gas, for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods provide accurate and reliable methods to measure the relative density of gaseous fuels on an intermittent or continuous basis. These measurements are frequently used for regulatory or contract compliance custody transfer and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relative density of gaseous fuels, including liquefied petroleum gases, in the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The test methods specified are sufficiently varied in nature so that one or more may be used for laboratory, control, reference, gas measurement, or in fact, for any purpose in which it is desired to know the relative density of gas or gases as compared to the density of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:SectionMethod A, Ac-Me Gravity Balance7-9Method B, Ranarex Recording and Indicating Gravitometer10-11Method C, UGC Gravitometer12-14
Note 1—The test methods and apparatus described herein are representative of methods and apparatus used broadly in industry. Manufacturer's instructions for specific models should be consulted for further details and as supplements to the information presented here. In addition to instrumentation described below additional equally accurate and satisfactory instruments may be available.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heating value of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures within the range of composition shown in Table 1.
1.2  This standard involves combustible gases. It is not the purpose of this standard to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heating value of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures within the range of composition shown in Table 1.
1.2  This standard involves combustible gases. It is not the purpose of this standard to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relative density (specific gravity) of gaseous fuels, including liquefied petroleum gases, in the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The test methods specified are sufficiently varied in nature so that one or more may be employed for laboratory, control, reference, gas measurement, or in fact for any purpose where it is desired to know the relative density of gas or gases as compared to the density of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:  Section Method A, Ac-Me Gravity Balance 7 to 9 Method B, Ac-Me Recording Gravitometer 10 to 12 Method C, Arcco-Anubis Recording Gas Gravitometer 13 to 15 Method D, Arcco-Anubis Portable Gas Balance 16 to 18 Method E, Kimray Gravitometer 19 to 21 Method F, Ranarex Recording and Indicating Gravitometer 22 to 23 Method G, UGC Gravitometer 24 to 26

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination with the continuous recording calorimeter (Note 1) of the total calorific (heating) value of fuel gas produced or sold in the natural gas range from 900 to 1200 Btu/standard ft . Note 1-An extensive investigation of the accuracy of the Cutler-Hammer recording gas calorimeter, when used with gases of high heating value, was made by the National Bureau of Standards in 1957 under a research project sponsored by the American Gas Association.
1.2 The subjects covered in this test method appear in the following sections:  Sections Air-Gas Ratio Test 11 Apparatus 5 Basis of Measurement 14 Cold Balance Test 10 Compensation of Complicating Factors 13 Condition of Gas Sample 7 Definitions 2 Installation of Apparatus 6 Maintenance, Appendix I X1 Operating Precautions, Appendix II X2 Operation and Checking of Apparatus 9 Precision 15 Scope 1 Significance and Use 4 Standardization of Calorimeter 12 Standardization, Preliminary, of Calorimeter by Hydrogen 8 Summary of Test Method 3
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating from compositional analyses, the following properties of natural gas mixtures: heating value, relative density and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60°F).  It is applicable to all common types of utility gaseous fuels (for example, dry natural gas, reformed gases, oil gas (both high- and low-Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, and coke oven and retort coal gas) for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.