SIST EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1:2020

Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking;
Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for
point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications;
Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality

2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)

Reference
REN/ITS-00358
Keywords
autonomic networking, ITS, network, safety
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2019.
All rights reserved.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.

3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the oneM2M Partners. ®
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 10
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Services provided by the GeoNetworking protocol . 13
5 Format convention . 14
6 GeoNetworking address . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 GeoNetworking address format . 14
6.3 Fields of the GeoNetworking address . 15
7 Security and privacy . 15
8 Data structures . 16
8.1 Location table . 16
8.1.1 General . 16
8.1.2 Minimum data elements of a Location Table Entry . 16
8.1.3 Maintenance of the Location Table . 17
8.2 Ego Position Vector. 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Minimum data elements . 17
8.2.3 Maintenance . 17
8.3 Sequence number . 17
8.3.1 General . 17
8.3.2 Maintenance . 18
8.4 Location service packet buffer . 18
8.4.1 General . 18
8.4.2 Buffer size . 18
8.4.3 Maintenance . 18
8.5 Forwarding packet buffer . 19
8.5.1 General . 19
8.5.2 Buffer size . 19
8.5.3 Maintenance . 19
9 GeoNetworking packet structure and formats . 20
9.1 Overview . 20
9.2 Packet structure . 20
9.2.1 General . 20
9.2.2 Overall packet structure . 20
9.2.3 Maximum Transmit Unit . 21
9.3 GeoNetworking header structure . 21
9.4 GeoNetworking Secured Packet . 21
9.5 Position vectors . 21
9.5.1 Overview . 21
9.5.2 Long Position Vector . 22
9.5.2.1 Structure . 22
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4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
9.5.2.2 Fields . 22
9.5.3 Short Position Vector . 23
9.5.3.1 Structure . 23
9.5.3.2 Fields . 23
9.6 Basic Header . 23
9.6.1 Composition of the Basic Header . 23
9.6.2 Fields of the Basic Header . 24
9.6.3 Encoding of the NH field in the Basic Header . 24
9.6.4 Encoding of the LT field . 24
9.7 Common Header . 25
9.7.1 Composition of the Common Header . 25
9.7.2 Fields of the Common Header . 25
9.7.3 Encoding of the NH field in the Common Header . 26
9.7.4 Encoding of the HT and HST fields . 26
9.7.5 Encoding of the TC field . 27
9.8 GeoNetworking packet header types . 27
9.8.1 Overview . 27
9.8.2 GUC packet header . 27
9.8.2.1 Composition of the GUC packet header. 27
9.8.2.2 Fields of the GUC packet header . 28
9.8.3 TSB packet header . 28
9.8.3.1 Composition of the TSB packet header . 28
9.8.3.2 Fields of the TSB packet header . 29
9.8.4 SHB packet header. 29
9.8.4.1 Composition of the SHB packet header . 29
9.8.4.2 Fields of the SHB packet header . 30
9.8.5 GBC/GAC packet header . 30
9.8.5.1 Composition of the GBC/GAC packet header . 30
9.8.5.2 Fields of the GBC/GAC packet header . 31
9.8.6 BEACON packet header . 31
9.8.6.1 Composition of the BEACON packet header . 31
9.8.6.2 Fields of the BEACON packet header . 32
9.8.7 LS Request packet header . 32
9.8.7.1 Composition of the LS Request packet header. 32
9.8.7.2 Fields of the LS Request packet header . 33
9.8.8 LS Reply packet header . 33
9.8.8.1 Composition of the LS Reply packet header . 33
9.8.8.2 Fields of the LS Reply packet header . 34
10 Protocol operation . 34
10.1 General . 34
10.2 Network management . 35
10.2.1 Address configuration . 35
10.2.1.1 General . 35
10.2.1.2 Auto-address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3 Managed address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3.1 General Requirements . 35
10.2.1.3.2 Initial address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3.3 Address update . 35
10.2.1.4 Anonymous address configuration . 36
10.2.1.5 Duplicate address detection . 36
10.2.2 Ego position vector and time update . 37
10.2.2.1 Overview . 37
10.2.2.2 Ego Position Vector update . 37
10.2.2.3 Time update. 37
10.2.3 Beaconing . 37
10.2.4 Location service . 37
10.3 Packet handling . 38
10.3.1 Overview . 38
10.3.2 Basic Header field settings . 39
10.3.3 Basic Header processing . 39
10.3.4 Common Header field settings. 41
ETSI
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
10.3.5 Common Header processing . 42
10.3.6 Beacon packet handling . 42
10.3.6.1 General . 42
10.3.6.2 Source operations . 42
10.3.6.3 Receiver operations . 44
10.3.7 Location service packet handling . 44
10.3.7.1 Source operations . 44
10.3.7.1.1 Overview . 44
10.3.7.1.2 Operation for initial LS Request . 44
10.3.7.1.3 Operation for LS Request re-transmission. 45
10.3.7.1.4 Operation for LS Reply . 46
10.3.7.2 Forwarder operations . 46
10.3.7.3 Destination operations . 46
10.3.8 GUC packet handling. 48
10.3.8.1 General . 48
10.3.8.2 Source operations . 48
10.3.8.3 Forwarder operations . 50
10.3.8.4 Destination operations . 51
10.3.9 TSB packet handling . 52
10.3.9.1 General . 52
10.3.9.2 Source operations . 53
10.3.9.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 54
10.3.10 SHB packet handling . 56
10.3.10.1 General . 56
10.3.10.2 Source operations . 56
10.3.10.3 Receiver operations . 57
10.3.11 GBC packet handling . 58
10.3.11.1 General . 58
10.3.11.2 Source operations . 58
10.3.11.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 60
10.3.12 GAC packet handling. 62
10.3.12.1 General . 62
10.3.12.2 Source operations . 62
10.3.12.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 62
Annex A (normative): Duplicate packet detection . 64
A.1 General . 64
A.2 SN-based duplicate packet detection . 64
Annex B (normative): Packet data rate and geographical area size control . 65
B.1 Overview . 65
B.2 Packet data rate control . 65
B.3 Geographical area size control . 65
Annex C (normative): Position vector update . 66
C.1 Overview . 66
C.2 Update of LocT position vector . 66
C.3 Update of GeoNetworking packet position vector . 67
Annex D (normative): GeoNetworking forwarding algorithm selection procedure . 68
Annex E (normative): Non-area forwarding algorithms . 70
E.1 Overview . 70
E.2 Greedy forwarding algorithm . 70
E.3 Non-area contention-based forwarding algorithm . 71
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6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
Annex F (normative): Area forwarding algorithms . 74
F.1 Overview . 74
F.2 Simple GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithm . 74
F.3 Area contention-based forwarding algorithm . 74
F.4 Area advanced forwarding algorithm . 77
Annex G (normative): GeoNetworking traffic classification . 82
Annex H (normative): GeoNetworking protocol constants . 83
Annex I (informative): ASN.1 encoding of the GeoNetworking MIB . 85
I.1 Use of modules . 85
I.2 ASN.1 module . 85
Annex J (informative): GeoNetworking data services . 92
J.1 General . 92
J.2 GN-DATA.request . 92
J.3 GN-DATA.confirm . 93
J.4 GN-DATA.indication . 93
Annex K (informative): GeoNetworking management services . 95
K.1 General . 95
K.2 GN-MGMT.request . 95
K.3 GN-MGMT.response . 95
Annex L (informative): Interface to the Security entity . 96
L.1 Security services used by the GeoNetworking protocol . 96
Annex M (informative): Bibliography . 97
History . 98

ETSI
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This final draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document is part 4, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1 [2].
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
Introduction
The GeoNetworking protocol is a network layer protocol that provides packet routing in an ad hoc network. It makes
use of geographical positions for packet transport. GeoNetworking supports the communication among individual ITS
stations as well as the distribution of packets in geographical areas.
GeoNetworking can be executed over different ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies, such as
ITS-G5 and infrared. The ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies have many technical
commonalities, but also differences. In order to reuse the GeoNetworking protocol specification for multiple ITS access
technologies, the specification is separated into media-independent and media-dependent functionalities.
Media-independent functionalities are those which are common to all ITS access technologies for short-range wireless
communication to be used for GeoNetworking. The media-dependent functionalities extend the media-independent
functionality for a specific ITS access technology. Therefore, the GeoNetworking protocol specification consists of the
standard for media-independent functionality and at least one standard for media-dependent functionality. However, it
should be noted that the media-dependent extensions do not represent distinct protocol entities.

ETSI
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the media-independent functionality of the GeoNetworking protocol.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 302 665 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture".
[2] ETSI EN 302 636-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 1: Requirements".
[3] ETSI EN 302 636-2 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 2: Scenarios".
[4] ETSI EN 302 636-3 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 3: Network architecture".
[5] Void.
[6] ETSI EN 302 636-5-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 5: Transport Protocols; Sub-part 1: Basic Transport Protocol".
[7] ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 6: Internet Integration; Sub-part 1: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over
GeoNetworking Protocols".
[8] ETSI EN 302 931 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
Geographical Area Definition".
[9] ETSI TS 102 731: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Security Services and
Architecture".
[10] ETSI TS 103 097: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Security header and certificate
formats".
[11] ETSI TS 102 894-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Users and applications requirements;
Part 2: Applications and facilities layer common data dictionary".
ETSI
10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] ETSI TS 102 723-8: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); OSI cross-layer topics; Part 8: Interface
between security entity and network and transport layer".
[i.3] ETSI TS 102 940: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; ITS communications security
architecture and security management".
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] IETF RFC 2578: "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)".
[i.6] National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), US Department of Defense: "World Geodetic
System 1984 - Its Definition and Relation with Local Geodetic Systems", Third Edition -
Amendment 1, NIMA TR 8350.2.
[i.7] IETF RFC 2579: "Textual Conventions for SMIv2".
[i.8] IEEE 802.3:2008™: "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific
requirements - Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications".
[i.9] ETSI TS 102 965: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Application Object Identifier (ITS-AID);
Registration".
[i.10] ETSI TS 103 613: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Access layer specification for Intelligent
Transport Systems using LTE Vehicle to everything communication in the 5,9 GHz frequency
band".
[i.11] ETSI TS 102 636-4-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint communications; Sub-part 2: Media-dependent functionalities for ITS-G5".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 302 665 [1], ETSI EN 302 636-3 [4], ETSI
EN 302 636-6-1 [7] and the following apply:
destination: receiver that processes a packet and delivers it to upper protocol entities, but does not relay the packet to
other GeoAdhoc routers
forwarder: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet and relays it to other GeoAdhoc routers
GeoAdhoc router: ad hoc router that implements the GeoNetworking protocol
local position vector: position vector for the local GeoAdhoc router
ETSI
11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
media dependent procedures: packet handling steps that are specific to the access layer technology over which the
GeoNetworking packet will be transmitted
neighbour: GeoAdhoc router in direct (single-hop) communication range
packet: GeoNetworking PDU
packet transport type: method of handling GeoNetworking packets
position accuracy indicator: binary that indicates whether a position is within a specific confidence interval
position vector: position information of a GeoAdhoc router represented by a tuple of address, timestamp, geographical
position, speed, heading and corresponding accuracy information
receiver: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet, delivers its data to upper protocol entities
sender: GeoAdhoc router that has sent the GeoNetworking packet
source: GeoAdhoc router that originates a GeoNetworking packet
traffic class: identifier assigned to a GeoNetworking packet that expresses its requirements on data transport
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
GEO_MAX Maximum size of the GeoNetworking packet header
H(GN_ADDR) Heading of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
LAT Latitude
LL_ADDR Link layer address that identifies the ITS-S at the link layer protocol entity in the ITS
Access Layer
LL_ADDR_NH Link layer address of the next hop
LONG Longitude
LS_PENDING Location Service pending flag
MTU_AL MTU of the ITS Access Layer
PAI(POS, GN_ADDR) Position accuracy indicator for geographical position POS of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
PDR(GN_ADDR) Packet data rate (exponential moving average)
POS(GN_ADDR) Geographical position of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
PV(GN_ADDR) Position vector of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
RAND[x,y] Function that returns a random (integer) number from a uniform distribution in the
given interval [x,y]
S(GN_ADDR) Speed of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
SN_MAX Largest possible value of the sequence number
SN(P) Value of the sequence number field carried in a GeoNetworking packet
T(LocTE) Lifetime of an entry in the location table
TO_CBF_MIN Timeout; minimum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TO_CBF_MAX Timeout; maximum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TST(GN_ADDR) Last timestamp received from a GeoAdhoc router
TST(P) Value of the timestamp field carried in a GeoNetworking packet
TST(TAI) Number of elapsed TAI milliseconds since 2004-01-01 00:00:00.000 UTC
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 302 665 [1], ETSI EN 302 636-3 [4],
ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 [7] and the following apply:
ASN Abstract Syntax Notation
BC BroadCast
BTP Basic Transport Protocol
CBF Contention-Based Forwarding
DAD Duplicate Address Detection
DE Destination
ETSI
12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2019-11)
DPC Duplicate Packet Counter
DPL Duplicate Packet List
DPD Duplicate Packet Detection
EMA Exponential Moving Average
EPV Ego Position Vector
FIFO First In First Out
GAC Geographically-Scoped Anycast
GBC Geographically-Scoped Broadcast
GF Greedy Forwarding
GN GeoNetworking
GN_ADDR GeoNetworking ADDRess
GN6ASL GeoNetworking to IPv6 Adaptation Sub-Layer
GN6-SDU GN6 Service Data Unit
GN-PDU GeoNetworking Protocol Data Unit
GN-SDU GeoNetworking Service Data Unit
GUC Geographically-Scoped Unicast
HST Header Sub-Type
HT Header Type
LL Link Layer
LocT Location Table
LocTE Location Table Entry
LPV Local Position Vector
LS Location Service
LT LifeTime
Long Term Evolution
LTE
MAC Medium Access Control
MFR Most Forward within Radius
MHL Maximum H
...

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking;
Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for
point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications;
Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality

2 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)

Reference
REN/ITS-00358
Keywords
autonomic networking, ITS, network, safety
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2020.
All rights reserved.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.

3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the oneM2M Partners. ®
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 10
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Services provided by the GeoNetworking protocol . 13
5 Format convention . 14
6 GeoNetworking address . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 GeoNetworking address format . 14
6.3 Fields of the GeoNetworking address . 15
7 Security and privacy . 15
8 Data structures . 16
8.1 Location table . 16
8.1.1 General . 16
8.1.2 Minimum data elements of a Location Table Entry . 16
8.1.3 Maintenance of the Location Table . 17
8.2 Ego Position Vector. 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Minimum data elements . 17
8.2.3 Maintenance . 17
8.3 Sequence number . 17
8.3.1 General . 17
8.3.2 Maintenance . 18
8.4 Location service packet buffer . 18
8.4.1 General . 18
8.4.2 Buffer size . 18
8.4.3 Maintenance . 18
8.5 Forwarding packet buffer . 19
8.5.1 General . 19
8.5.2 Buffer size . 19
8.5.3 Maintenance . 19
9 GeoNetworking packet structure and formats . 20
9.1 Overview . 20
9.2 Packet structure . 20
9.2.1 General . 20
9.2.2 Overall packet structure . 20
9.2.3 Maximum Transmit Unit . 21
9.3 GeoNetworking header structure . 21
9.4 GeoNetworking Secured Packet . 21
9.5 Position vectors . 21
9.5.1 Overview . 21
9.5.2 Long Position Vector . 22
9.5.2.1 Structure . 22
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
9.5.2.2 Fields . 22
9.5.3 Short Position Vector . 23
9.5.3.1 Structure . 23
9.5.3.2 Fields . 23
9.6 Basic Header . 23
9.6.1 Composition of the Basic Header . 23
9.6.2 Fields of the Basic Header . 24
9.6.3 Encoding of the NH field in the Basic Header . 24
9.6.4 Encoding of the LT field . 24
9.7 Common Header . 25
9.7.1 Composition of the Common Header . 25
9.7.2 Fields of the Common Header . 25
9.7.3 Encoding of the NH field in the Common Header . 26
9.7.4 Encoding of the HT and HST fields . 26
9.7.5 Encoding of the TC field . 27
9.8 GeoNetworking packet header types . 27
9.8.1 Overview . 27
9.8.2 GUC packet header . 27
9.8.2.1 Composition of the GUC packet header. 27
9.8.2.2 Fields of the GUC packet header . 28
9.8.3 TSB packet header . 28
9.8.3.1 Composition of the TSB packet header . 28
9.8.3.2 Fields of the TSB packet header . 29
9.8.4 SHB packet header. 29
9.8.4.1 Composition of the SHB packet header . 29
9.8.4.2 Fields of the SHB packet header . 30
9.8.5 GBC/GAC packet header . 30
9.8.5.1 Composition of the GBC/GAC packet header . 30
9.8.5.2 Fields of the GBC/GAC packet header . 31
9.8.6 BEACON packet header . 31
9.8.6.1 Composition of the BEACON packet header . 31
9.8.6.2 Fields of the BEACON packet header . 32
9.8.7 LS Request packet header . 32
9.8.7.1 Composition of the LS Request packet header. 32
9.8.7.2 Fields of the LS Request packet header . 33
9.8.8 LS Reply packet header . 33
9.8.8.1 Composition of the LS Reply packet header . 33
9.8.8.2 Fields of the LS Reply packet header . 34
10 Protocol operation . 34
10.1 General . 34
10.2 Network management . 35
10.2.1 Address configuration . 35
10.2.1.1 General . 35
10.2.1.2 Auto-address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3 Managed address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3.1 General Requirements . 35
10.2.1.3.2 Initial address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3.3 Address update . 35
10.2.1.4 Anonymous address configuration . 36
10.2.1.5 Duplicate address detection . 36
10.2.2 Ego position vector and time update . 37
10.2.2.1 Overview . 37
10.2.2.2 Ego Position Vector update . 37
10.2.2.3 Time update. 37
10.2.3 Beaconing . 37
10.2.4 Location service . 37
10.3 Packet handling . 38
10.3.1 Overview . 38
10.3.2 Basic Header field settings . 39
10.3.3 Basic Header processing . 39
10.3.4 Common Header field settings. 41
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5 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
10.3.5 Common Header processing . 42
10.3.6 Beacon packet handling . 42
10.3.6.1 General . 42
10.3.6.2 Source operations . 42
10.3.6.3 Receiver operations . 44
10.3.7 Location service packet handling . 44
10.3.7.1 Source operations . 44
10.3.7.1.1 Overview . 44
10.3.7.1.2 Operation for initial LS Request . 44
10.3.7.1.3 Operation for LS Request re-transmission. 45
10.3.7.1.4 Operation for LS Reply . 46
10.3.7.2 Forwarder operations . 46
10.3.7.3 Destination operations . 46
10.3.8 GUC packet handling. 48
10.3.8.1 General . 48
10.3.8.2 Source operations . 48
10.3.8.3 Forwarder operations . 50
10.3.8.4 Destination operations . 51
10.3.9 TSB packet handling . 52
10.3.9.1 General . 52
10.3.9.2 Source operations . 53
10.3.9.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 54
10.3.10 SHB packet handling . 56
10.3.10.1 General . 56
10.3.10.2 Source operations . 56
10.3.10.3 Receiver operations . 57
10.3.11 GBC packet handling . 58
10.3.11.1 General . 58
10.3.11.2 Source operations . 58
10.3.11.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 60
10.3.12 GAC packet handling. 62
10.3.12.1 General . 62
10.3.12.2 Source operations . 62
10.3.12.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 62
Annex A (normative): Duplicate packet detection . 64
A.1 General . 64
A.2 SN-based duplicate packet detection . 64
Annex B (normative): Packet data rate and geographical area size control . 65
B.1 Overview . 65
B.2 Packet data rate control . 65
B.3 Geographical area size control . 65
Annex C (normative): Position vector update . 66
C.1 Overview . 66
C.2 Update of LocT position vector . 66
C.3 Update of GeoNetworking packet position vector . 67
Annex D (normative): GeoNetworking forwarding algorithm selection procedure . 68
Annex E (normative): Non-area forwarding algorithms . 70
E.1 Overview . 70
E.2 Greedy forwarding algorithm . 70
E.3 Non-area contention-based forwarding algorithm . 71
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6 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Annex F (normative): Area forwarding algorithms . 74
F.1 Overview . 74
F.2 Simple GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithm . 74
F.3 Area contention-based forwarding algorithm . 74
F.4 Area advanced forwarding algorithm . 77
Annex G (normative): GeoNetworking traffic classification . 82
Annex H (normative): GeoNetworking protocol constants . 83
Annex I (informative): ASN.1 encoding of the GeoNetworking MIB . 85
I.1 Use of modules . 85
I.2 ASN.1 module . 85
Annex J (informative): GeoNetworking data services . 92
J.1 General . 92
J.2 GN-DATA.request . 92
J.3 GN-DATA.confirm . 93
J.4 GN-DATA.indication . 93
Annex K (informative): GeoNetworking management services . 95
K.1 General . 95
K.2 GN-MGMT.request . 95
K.3 GN-MGMT.response . 95
Annex L (informative): Interface to the Security entity . 96
L.1 Security services used by the GeoNetworking protocol . 96
Annex M (informative): Bibliography . 97
History . 98

ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
The present document is part 4, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1 [2].
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 20 January 2020
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2020
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2020
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2020

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Introduction
The GeoNetworking protocol is a network layer protocol that provides packet routing in an ad hoc network. It makes
use of geographical positions for packet transport. GeoNetworking supports the communication among individual ITS
stations as well as the distribution of packets in geographical areas.
GeoNetworking can be executed over different ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies, such as
ITS-G5 and infrared. The ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies have many technical
commonalities, but also differences. In order to reuse the GeoNetworking protocol specification for multiple ITS access
technologies, the specification is separated into media-independent and media-dependent functionalities.
Media-independent functionalities are those which are common to all ITS access technologies for short-range wireless
communication to be used for GeoNetworking. The media-dependent functionalities extend the media-independent
functionality for a specific ITS access technology. Therefore, the GeoNetworking protocol specification consists of the
standard for media-independent functionality and at least one standard for media-dependent functionality. However, it
should be noted that the media-dependent extensions do not represent distinct protocol entities.

ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the media-independent functionality of the GeoNetworking protocol.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 302 665 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture".
[2] ETSI EN 302 636-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 1: Requirements".
[3] ETSI EN 302 636-2 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 2: Scenarios".
[4] ETSI EN 302 636-3 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 3: Network architecture".
[5] Void.
[6] ETSI EN 302 636-5-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 5: Transport Protocols; Sub-part 1: Basic Transport Protocol".
[7] ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 6: Internet Integration; Sub-part 1: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over
GeoNetworking Protocols".
[8] ETSI EN 302 931 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
Geographical Area Definition".
[9] ETSI TS 102 731: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Security Services and
Architecture".
[10] ETSI TS 103 097: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Security header and certificate
formats".
[11] ETSI TS 102 894-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Users and applications requirements;
Part 2: Applications and facilities layer common data dictionary".
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] ETSI TS 102 723-8: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); OSI cross-layer topics; Part 8: Interface
between security entity and network and transport layer".
[i.3] ETSI TS 102 940: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; ITS communications security
architecture and security management".
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] IETF RFC 2578: "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)".
[i.6] National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), US Department of Defense: "World Geodetic
System 1984 - Its Definition and Relation with Local Geodetic Systems", Third Edition -
Amendment 1, NIMA TR 8350.2.
[i.7] IETF RFC 2579: "Textual Conventions for SMIv2".
[i.8] IEEE 802.3:2008™: "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific
requirements - Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications".
[i.9] ETSI TS 102 965: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Application Object Identifier (ITS-AID);
Registration".
[i.10] ETSI TS 103 613: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Access layer specification for Intelligent
Transport Systems using LTE Vehicle to everything communication in the 5,9 GHz frequency
band".
[i.11] ETSI TS 102 636-4-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint communications; Sub-part 2: Media-dependent functionalities for ITS-G5".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 302 665 [1], ETSI EN 302 636-3 [4], ETSI
EN 302 636-6-1 [7] and the following apply:
destination: receiver that processes a packet and delivers it to upper protocol entities, but does not relay the packet to
other GeoAdhoc routers
forwarder: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet and relays it to other GeoAdhoc routers
GeoAdhoc router: ad hoc router that implements the GeoNetworking protocol
local position vector: position vector for the local GeoAdhoc router
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
media dependent procedures: packet handling steps that are specific to the access layer technology over which the
GeoNetworking packet will be transmitted
neighbour: GeoAdhoc router in direct (single-hop) communication range
packet: GeoNetworking PDU
packet transport type: method of handling GeoNetworking packets
position accuracy indicator: binary that indicates whether a position is within a specific confidence interval
position vector: position information of a GeoAdhoc router represented by a tuple of address, timestamp, geographical
position, speed, heading and corresponding accuracy information
receiver: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet, delivers its data to upper protocol entities
sender: GeoAdhoc router that has sent the GeoNetworking packet
source: GeoAdhoc router that originates a GeoNetworking packet
traffic class: identifier assigned to a GeoNetworking packet that expresses its requirements on data transport
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
GEO_MAX Maximum size of the GeoNetworking packet header
H(GN_ADDR) Heading of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
LAT Latitude
LL_ADDR Link layer address that identifies the ITS-S at the link layer protocol entity in the ITS
Access Layer
LL_ADDR_NH Link layer address of the next hop
LONG Longitude
LS_PENDING Location Service pending flag
MTU_AL MTU of the ITS Access Layer
PAI(POS, GN_ADDR) Position accuracy indicator for geographical position POS of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
PDR(GN_ADDR) Packet data rate (exponential moving average)
POS(GN_ADDR) Geographical position of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
PV(GN_ADDR) Position vector of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
RAND[x,y] Function that returns a random (integer) number from a uniform distribution in the
given interval [x,y]
S(GN_ADDR) Speed of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
SN_MAX Largest possible value of the sequence number
SN(P) Value of the sequence number field carried in a GeoNetworking packet
T(LocTE) Lifetime of an entry in the location table
TO_CBF_MIN Timeout; minimum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TO_CBF_MAX Timeout; maximum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TST(GN_ADDR) Last timestamp received from a GeoAdhoc router
TST(P) Value of the timestamp field carried in a GeoNetworking packet
TST(TAI) Number of elapsed TAI milliseconds since 2004-01-01 00:00:00.000 UTC
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 302 665 [1], ETSI EN 302 636-3 [4],
ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 [7] and the following apply:
ASN Abstract Syntax Notation
BC BroadCast
BTP Basic Transport Protocol
CBF Contention-Based Forwarding
DAD Duplicate Address Detection
DE Destination
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
DPC Duplicate Packet Counter
DPL Duplicate Packet List
DPD Duplicate Packet Detection
EMA Exponential Moving Average
EPV Ego Position Vector
FIFO First In First Out
GAC Geographically-Scoped Anycast
GBC Geographically-Scoped Broadcast
GF Greedy Forwarding
GN GeoNetworking
GN_ADDR GeoNetworking ADDRess
GN6ASL GeoNetworking to IPv6 Adaptation Sub-Layer
GN6-SDU GN6 Service Data Unit
GN-PDU GeoNetworking Protocol Data Unit
GN-SDU GeoNetworking Service Data Unit
GUC Geographically-Scoped Unicast
HST Header Sub-Type
HT Header Type
LL Link Layer
LocT Location Table
LocTE Location Table Entry
LPV Local Position Vector
LS Location Service
LT LifeTime
Long Term Evolution
LTE
MAC Medium Access Control
MFR Most Forward within Radius
MHL Maximum Hop Limit
MHVB Multi-Hop Vehicular Broadcast
MIB Management Information Base
MID MAC ID
MTU Maximum Transmit Unit
NH Next Header
PAI Position Accuracy Indicator
PCI Protocol Control Information
PDR Packet Data Rate
PDU
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2020
Inteligentni transportni sistemi (ITS) - Komunikacije med vozili - Geomreženje - 4.
del: Geografsko naslavljanje in podajanje pri komunikacijah točka-točka in točka-
več točk - 1. poddel: Medijsko neodvisna funkcionalnost
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) - Vehicular Communications - GeoNetworking - Part
4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
communications - Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
ICS:
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
prometu
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking;
Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for
point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications;
Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality

2 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)

Reference
REN/ITS-00358
Keywords
autonomic networking, ITS, network, safety
ETSI
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All rights reserved.
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3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 10
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Services provided by the GeoNetworking protocol . 13
5 Format convention . 14
6 GeoNetworking address . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 GeoNetworking address format . 14
6.3 Fields of the GeoNetworking address . 15
7 Security and privacy . 15
8 Data structures . 16
8.1 Location table . 16
8.1.1 General . 16
8.1.2 Minimum data elements of a Location Table Entry . 16
8.1.3 Maintenance of the Location Table . 17
8.2 Ego Position Vector. 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Minimum data elements . 17
8.2.3 Maintenance . 17
8.3 Sequence number . 17
8.3.1 General . 17
8.3.2 Maintenance . 18
8.4 Location service packet buffer . 18
8.4.1 General . 18
8.4.2 Buffer size . 18
8.4.3 Maintenance . 18
8.5 Forwarding packet buffer . 19
8.5.1 General . 19
8.5.2 Buffer size . 19
8.5.3 Maintenance . 19
9 GeoNetworking packet structure and formats . 20
9.1 Overview . 20
9.2 Packet structure . 20
9.2.1 General . 20
9.2.2 Overall packet structure . 20
9.2.3 Maximum Transmit Unit . 21
9.3 GeoNetworking header structure . 21
9.4 GeoNetworking Secured Packet . 21
9.5 Position vectors . 21
9.5.1 Overview . 21
9.5.2 Long Position Vector . 22
9.5.2.1 Structure . 22
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4 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
9.5.2.2 Fields . 22
9.5.3 Short Position Vector . 23
9.5.3.1 Structure . 23
9.5.3.2 Fields . 23
9.6 Basic Header . 23
9.6.1 Composition of the Basic Header . 23
9.6.2 Fields of the Basic Header . 24
9.6.3 Encoding of the NH field in the Basic Header . 24
9.6.4 Encoding of the LT field . 24
9.7 Common Header . 25
9.7.1 Composition of the Common Header . 25
9.7.2 Fields of the Common Header . 25
9.7.3 Encoding of the NH field in the Common Header . 26
9.7.4 Encoding of the HT and HST fields . 26
9.7.5 Encoding of the TC field . 27
9.8 GeoNetworking packet header types . 27
9.8.1 Overview . 27
9.8.2 GUC packet header . 27
9.8.2.1 Composition of the GUC packet header. 27
9.8.2.2 Fields of the GUC packet header . 28
9.8.3 TSB packet header . 28
9.8.3.1 Composition of the TSB packet header . 28
9.8.3.2 Fields of the TSB packet header . 29
9.8.4 SHB packet header. 29
9.8.4.1 Composition of the SHB packet header . 29
9.8.4.2 Fields of the SHB packet header . 30
9.8.5 GBC/GAC packet header . 30
9.8.5.1 Composition of the GBC/GAC packet header . 30
9.8.5.2 Fields of the GBC/GAC packet header . 31
9.8.6 BEACON packet header . 31
9.8.6.1 Composition of the BEACON packet header . 31
9.8.6.2 Fields of the BEACON packet header . 32
9.8.7 LS Request packet header . 32
9.8.7.1 Composition of the LS Request packet header. 32
9.8.7.2 Fields of the LS Request packet header . 33
9.8.8 LS Reply packet header . 33
9.8.8.1 Composition of the LS Reply packet header . 33
9.8.8.2 Fields of the LS Reply packet header . 34
10 Protocol operation . 34
10.1 General . 34
10.2 Network management . 35
10.2.1 Address configuration . 35
10.2.1.1 General . 35
10.2.1.2 Auto-address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3 Managed address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3.1 General Requirements . 35
10.2.1.3.2 Initial address configuration . 35
10.2.1.3.3 Address update . 35
10.2.1.4 Anonymous address configuration . 36
10.2.1.5 Duplicate address detection . 36
10.2.2 Ego position vector and time update . 37
10.2.2.1 Overview . 37
10.2.2.2 Ego Position Vector update . 37
10.2.2.3 Time update. 37
10.2.3 Beaconing . 37
10.2.4 Location service . 37
10.3 Packet handling . 38
10.3.1 Overview . 38
10.3.2 Basic Header field settings . 39
10.3.3 Basic Header processing . 39
10.3.4 Common Header field settings. 41
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5 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
10.3.5 Common Header processing . 42
10.3.6 Beacon packet handling . 42
10.3.6.1 General . 42
10.3.6.2 Source operations . 42
10.3.6.3 Receiver operations . 44
10.3.7 Location service packet handling . 44
10.3.7.1 Source operations . 44
10.3.7.1.1 Overview . 44
10.3.7.1.2 Operation for initial LS Request . 44
10.3.7.1.3 Operation for LS Request re-transmission. 45
10.3.7.1.4 Operation for LS Reply . 46
10.3.7.2 Forwarder operations . 46
10.3.7.3 Destination operations . 46
10.3.8 GUC packet handling. 48
10.3.8.1 General . 48
10.3.8.2 Source operations . 48
10.3.8.3 Forwarder operations . 50
10.3.8.4 Destination operations . 51
10.3.9 TSB packet handling . 52
10.3.9.1 General . 52
10.3.9.2 Source operations . 53
10.3.9.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 54
10.3.10 SHB packet handling . 56
10.3.10.1 General . 56
10.3.10.2 Source operations . 56
10.3.10.3 Receiver operations . 57
10.3.11 GBC packet handling . 58
10.3.11.1 General . 58
10.3.11.2 Source operations . 58
10.3.11.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 60
10.3.12 GAC packet handling. 62
10.3.12.1 General . 62
10.3.12.2 Source operations . 62
10.3.12.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 62
Annex A (normative): Duplicate packet detection . 64
A.1 General . 64
A.2 SN-based duplicate packet detection . 64
Annex B (normative): Packet data rate and geographical area size control . 65
B.1 Overview . 65
B.2 Packet data rate control . 65
B.3 Geographical area size control . 65
Annex C (normative): Position vector update . 66
C.1 Overview . 66
C.2 Update of LocT position vector . 66
C.3 Update of GeoNetworking packet position vector . 67
Annex D (normative): GeoNetworking forwarding algorithm selection procedure . 68
Annex E (normative): Non-area forwarding algorithms . 70
E.1 Overview . 70
E.2 Greedy forwarding algorithm . 70
E.3 Non-area contention-based forwarding algorithm . 71
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6 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Annex F (normative): Area forwarding algorithms . 74
F.1 Overview . 74
F.2 Simple GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithm . 74
F.3 Area contention-based forwarding algorithm . 74
F.4 Area advanced forwarding algorithm . 77
Annex G (normative): GeoNetworking traffic classification . 82
Annex H (normative): GeoNetworking protocol constants . 83
Annex I (informative): ASN.1 encoding of the GeoNetworking MIB . 85
I.1 Use of modules . 85
I.2 ASN.1 module . 85
Annex J (informative): GeoNetworking data services . 92
J.1 General . 92
J.2 GN-DATA.request . 92
J.3 GN-DATA.confirm . 93
J.4 GN-DATA.indication . 93
Annex K (informative): GeoNetworking management services . 95
K.1 General . 95
K.2 GN-MGMT.request . 95
K.3 GN-MGMT.response . 95
Annex L (informative): Interface to the Security entity . 96
L.1 Security services used by the GeoNetworking protocol . 96
Annex M (informative): Bibliography . 97
History . 98

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7 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
The present document is part 4, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1 [2].
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 20 January 2020
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2020
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2020
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2020

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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8 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
Introduction
The GeoNetworking protocol is a network layer protocol that provides packet routing in an ad hoc network. It makes
use of geographical positions for packet transport. GeoNetworking supports the communication among individual ITS
stations as well as the distribution of packets in geographical areas.
GeoNetworking can be executed over different ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies, such as
ITS-G5 and infrared. The ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies have many technical
commonalities, but also differences. In order to reuse the GeoNetworking protocol specification for multiple ITS access
technologies, the specification is separated into media-independent and media-dependent functionalities.
Media-independent functionalities are those which are common to all ITS access technologies for short-range wireless
communication to be used for GeoNetworking. The media-dependent functionalities extend the media-independent
functionality for a specific ITS access technology. Therefore, the GeoNetworking protocol specification consists of the
standard for media-independent functionality and at least one standard for media-dependent functionality. However, it
should be noted that the media-dependent extensions do not represent distinct protocol entities.

ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the media-independent functionality of the GeoNetworking protocol.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 302 665 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture".
[2] ETSI EN 302 636-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 1: Requirements".
[3] ETSI EN 302 636-2 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 2: Scenarios".
[4] ETSI EN 302 636-3 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 3: Network architecture".
[5] Void.
[6] ETSI EN 302 636-5-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 5: Transport Protocols; Sub-part 1: Basic Transport Protocol".
[7] ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 6: Internet Integration; Sub-part 1: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over
GeoNetworking Protocols".
[8] ETSI EN 302 931 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
Geographical Area Definition".
[9] ETSI TS 102 731: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Security Services and
Architecture".
[10] ETSI TS 103 097: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Security header and certificate
formats".
[11] ETSI TS 102 894-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Users and applications requirements;
Part 2: Applications and facilities layer common data dictionary".
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10 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] ETSI TS 102 723-8: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); OSI cross-layer topics; Part 8: Interface
between security entity and network and transport layer".
[i.3] ETSI TS 102 940: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; ITS communications security
architecture and security management".
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] IETF RFC 2578: "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)".
[i.6] National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), US Department of Defense: "World Geodetic
System 1984 - Its Definition and Relation with Local Geodetic Systems", Third Edition -
Amendment 1, NIMA TR 8350.2.
[i.7] IETF RFC 2579: "Textual Conventions for SMIv2".
[i.8] IEEE 802.3:2008™: "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific
requirements - Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications".
[i.9] ETSI TS 102 965: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Application Object Identifier (ITS-AID);
Registration".
[i.10] ETSI TS 103 613: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Access layer specification for Intelligent
Transport Systems using LTE Vehicle to everything communication in the 5,9 GHz frequency
band".
[i.11] ETSI TS 102 636-4-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint communications; Sub-part 2: Media-dependent functionalities for ITS-G5".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 302 665 [1], ETSI EN 302 636-3 [4], ETSI
EN 302 636-6-1 [7] and the following apply:
destination: receiver that processes a packet and delivers it to upper protocol entities, but does not relay the packet to
other GeoAdhoc routers
forwarder: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet and relays it to other GeoAdhoc routers
GeoAdhoc router: ad hoc router that implements the GeoNetworking protocol
local position vector: position vector for the local GeoAdhoc router
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11 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.4.1 (2020-01)
media dependent procedures: packet handling steps that are specific to the access layer technology over which the
GeoNetworking packet will be transmitted
neighbour: GeoAdhoc router in direct (single-hop) communication range
packet: GeoNetworking PDU
packet transport type: method of handling GeoNetworking packets
position accuracy indicator: binary that indicates whether a position is within a specific confidence interval
position vector: position information of a GeoAdhoc router represented by a tuple of address, timestamp, geographical
position, speed, heading and corresponding accuracy information
receiver: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet, delivers its data to upper protocol entities
sender: GeoAdhoc router that has sent the GeoNetworking packet
source: GeoAdhoc router that originates a GeoNetworking packet
traffic class: identifier assigned to a GeoNetworking packet that expresses its requirements on data transport
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
GEO_MAX Maximum size of the GeoNetworking packet header
H(GN_ADDR) Heading of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
LAT Latitude
LL_ADDR Link layer address that identifies the ITS-S at the link layer protocol entity in the ITS
Access Layer
LL_ADDR_NH Link layer address of the next hop
LONG Longitude
LS_PENDING Location Service pending flag
MTU_AL MTU of the ITS Access Layer
PAI(POS, GN_ADDR) Position accuracy indicator for geographical position POS of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
PDR(GN_ADDR) Packet data rate (exponential moving average)
POS(GN_ADDR) Geographical position of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
PV(GN_ADDR) Position vector of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
RAND[x,y] Function that returns a random (integer) number from a uniform distribution in the
given interval [x,y]
S(GN_ADDR) Speed of the ITS-S GN_ADDR
SN_MAX Largest possible value of the sequence number
SN(P) Value of the sequence number field carried in a GeoNetworking packet
T(LocTE) Lifetime of an entry in the location table
TO_CBF_MIN Timeout; minimum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TO_CBF_MAX Timeout; maximum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TST(GN_ADDR) Last timestamp received from a GeoAdhoc router
TST(P) Value of the timestamp field carried in a GeoNetworking packet
TST(TAI) Number of elapsed TAI milliseconds since 2004-01-01 00:00:00.000 UTC
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 302 6
...