oSIST prEN ISO 22476-1:2005

SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN ISO 22476-1:2005

PREDSTANDARD
marec 2005
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 1: Electrical cone and
piezocone penetration tests (ISO/DIS 22476-1:2005)
ICS 93.020 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-1:2005(en)
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 22476-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2005
ICS
English version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 1:
Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests (ISO/DIS
22476-1:2005)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place
- Partie 1: Essais électriques de pénétration au cône et au
piézocone (ISO/DIS 22476-1:2005)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 22476-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN ISO 22476-1:2005 (E)




Foreword

This document (prEN ISO 22476-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341 "Geotechnical Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by DIN,
in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".

This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.


2

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22476-1
ISO/TC 182/SC 1 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2005-01-27 2005-06-27
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing —
Part 1:
Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais en place —
Partie 1: Essais électriques de pénétration au cône et au piézocone
ICS 93.020

ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
This draft International Standard is a draft standard developed within the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) and processed under the CEN-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the
Vienna Agreement. The document has been transmitted by CEN to ISO for circulation for ISO member
body voting in parallel with CEN enquiry. Comments received from ISO member bodies, including those
from non-CEN members, will be considered by the appropriate CEN technical body. Should this DIS be
accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-
month FDIS vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2005

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ISO/DIS 22476-1
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©
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Equipment . 9
5.1 Geometry of the cone penetrometer. 9
5.2 Cone . 10
5.3 Friction sleeve. 11
5.4 Filter element. 12
5.4.1 General filter location. 12
5.4.2 Pore pressure u . 13
1
5.4.3 Pore pressure u . 13
2
5.4.4 Pore pressure u . 13
3
5.5 Gaps and soil seals . 14
5.6 Push rods . 14
5.7 Measuring system. 14
5.7.1 Accuracy. 14
5.7.2 Sensors for cone resistance and sleeve friction. 14
5.7.3 Sensor for pore pressure. 14
5.7.4 Sensor for inclination. 15
5.7.5 Measuring system for penetration length . 15
5.8 Thrust machine . 15
6 Test procedures . 15
6.1 Selection of cone penetrometer . 15
6.2 Selection of equipment and procedures according to required Application Class. 15
6.3 Position and level of thrust machine. 17
6.4 Preparation of the cone penetrometer. 18
6.5 Pushing of the cone penetrometer . 18
6.6 Use of friction reducer. 18
6.7 Frequency of logging parameters. 19
6.8 Registration of penetration length. 19
6.9 Dissipation test . 19
6.10 Test completion . 20
6.11 Equipment checks and calibrations . 20
7 Test results. 20
7.1 Measured parameters. 20
7.2 Correction of measurements. 20
8 Reporting . 22
8.1 General. 22
8.2 General reporting of test results . 23
8.2.1 General information. 23
8.2.2 Location of the test. 23
8.2.3 Test equipment . 23
8.2.4 Test procedure . 23
8.2.5 Measured parameters. 23
8.3 Choice of axis scaling . 24
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
8.4 Presentation of test results. 24
Annex A (normative) Maintenance, checks and calibration . 26
A.1 Maintenance and checks. 26
A.1.1 Linearity of push rods . 26
A.1.2 Wear of the cone . 26
A.1.3 Gaps and seals. 26
A.1.4 Pore pressure measuring system . 26
A.1.5 Maintenance procedures . 27
A.2 Calibration. 27
A.2.1 General procedures . 27
A.2.2 Calibration of cone resistance and sleeve friction. 28
A.2.3 Calibration of pore pressure and net area ratio. 28
A.2.4 Calibration of ambient temperature effects. 29
A.2.5 Calibration of penetration length sensor. 29
A.2.6 Calibration of the inclinometer . 29
Annex B (normative) Calculation of penetration depth. 30
Annex C (informative) Correction of sleeve friction for water pressure. 31
Annex D (informative) Preparation of the piezocone. 32
D.1 Saturation. 32
D.2 Slot filter. 32
Annex E (informative) Uncertainties in cone penetrometer testing . 33
Bibliography . 35
Figures
Figure 1 — Cross section of an example of a cone penetrometer.3
Figure 2 — Locations of measured pore pressures.5
Figure 3 — Penetration length and penetration depth.7
Figure 4 — Tolerance requirements for use of cone penetrometer (in mm).11
Figure 5 — Geometry and tolerances of friction sleeve (in mm) .12
Figure 6 — Correction of cone resistance and sleeve friction due to the unequal end area effect .22
Figure A.1 — Pressure chamber for determination of the end area ratios a and b .29
Tables
Table 1 — Types of cone penetration tests.15
Table 2 — Application Classes .17
Table A.1 — Control scheme for maintenance routines .27
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22476-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1,
Geotechnical investigation and testing.
ISO 22476 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Field testing:
 Part 1: Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests
 Part 2: Dynamic probing
 Part 3: Standard penetration test
 Part 4: Menard pressuremeter test
 Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
 Part 6: Self-boring pressuremeter test
 Part 7: Borehole jack test
 Part 8: Full displacement pressuremeter test
 Part 9: Field vane test
1)
 Part 10: Weight sounding test (TS)
1)
 Part 11: Flat dilatometer test (TS)
 Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test
 Part 13: Plate loading test.

1)
TS Technical Specification.
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
Introduction
The electrical cone penetration test (CPT/CPTU) consists of pushing a cone penetrometer using a series of
push rods into the soil at a constant rate of penetration. During penetration, measurements of cone resistance
and sleeve friction can be recorded. The piezocone penetration test (CPTU) also includes the measurement of
pore pressures at or close to the cone. The test results may be used for interpretation of stratification,
classification of soil type and evaluation of engineering soil parameters. This standard is split in two parts:
Part 1 describes CPT and CPTU practice using electronic transducers. EN ISO 22476-13 describes CPT
practice using mechanical measuring systems.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22476-1
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing — Part 1:
Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests
1 Scope
This document deals with equipment requirements, the execution of and reporting on electrical cone and
piezocone penetration tests as part of geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and
EN 1997-2.
The results from a cone penetration test are used to evaluate:
 stratification;
 soil type;
 soil density and in situ stress conditions;
 mechanical soil properties:
 shear strength parameters;
 deformation and consolidation characteristics.
Within the electrical cone and piezocone penetration test, two subcategories of the cone penetration test are
considered:
 The electrical cone penetration test (CPT) that includes measurement of cone resistance and sleeve
friction;
 The piezocone test (CPTU) that is a cone penetration test with the additional measurement of pore
pressure.
The CPTU is performed like a CPT with the measurement of the pore pressure at one or several locations on
the penetrometer surface.
NOTE CPT or CPTU are also used without measurement of sleeve friction.
This document specifies the following features:
a) the type of cone penetration test, according to Table 1;
b) the Application Class, according to Table 2;
c) the achievable penetration length or penetration depth;
d) the elevation of the ground surface or the underwater ground surface at the location of the cone
penetration test with reference to a datum;
e) the location of the cone penetration test relative to a reproducible fixed location reference point;
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
f) if applicable, the method of back filling of the hole in the soil resulting from the cone penetration test;
g) if applicable, the depths and duration of the pore pressure dissipation tests.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8503, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-clean steel substrates.
ISO 10012-1, Quality Assurance Requirements for Measuring Equipment — Part 1: Metrological confirmation
system for measuring equipment.
EN ISO 14688-2, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of soil — Part 2:
Principles of a soil classification.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
average surface roughness
R
a
average deviation between the real surface of the probe and a medium reference plane placed along the
surface of the probe
3.2
cone
conical shaped bottom part of the cone penetrometer. When pushing the penetrometer into the ground, the
cone resistance is transferred through the cone to the load sensor
NOTE This document assumes that the cone is rigid, so when loaded its deformation is very small relative to the
deformation of other parts of the cone penetrometer.
3.3
cone penetration test
CPT
pushing of a cone penetrometer at the end of a series of cylindrical push rods into the ground at a constant
rate of penetration
3.4
electrical cone penetration test
CPT where forces are measured electrically in the cone penetrometer
3.5
piezocone penetration test
CPTU
electrical CPT with measurement of the pore pressures at or close to the cone
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
Key
1 shaft 13 friction sleeve
2 gap between friction sleeve and shaft 14 friction sleeve sensor
3 friction sleeve 15 amplifier unit
4 gap between friction sleeve and cone 16 core sensor
5 cylindrical extension above base of cone 17 inclinometer
6 base of cone 18 water seal
7 face of cone 19 pressure sensor
8 apex of cone 20 soil seal
9 push rod connector 21 filter
10 soil seal 22 cone
11 electrical cable for signal transmission 23 penetrometer tip
12 water seal
Figure 1 — Cross section of an example of a cone penetrometer
3.6
cone penetrometer
assembly containing the cone, friction sleeve, any other sensors and measuring systems as well as the
connection to the push rods.
NOTE An example of a cone penetrometer is shown in Figure 1; for other filter locations see Figure 2.
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
3.7
corrected cone resistance
q
t
measured cone resistance q corrected for pore pressure effects
c
3.8
corrected friction ratio
R
ft
ratio of the sleeve friction to the corrected cone resistance measured at the same depth
3.9
corrected sleeve friction
f
t
measured sleeve friction f corrected for pore pressure effects
c
3.10
dissipation test
measure of the pore pressure change recording the values of the pore pressure in time during a pause in
pushing while holding the cone penetrometer stationary
3.11
excess pore pressure
∆∆∆∆u , ∆∆∆∆u , ∆∆∆∆u
1 2 3
additional pore pressure at the at the level of the filter caused by the penetration of the cone penetrometer into
the ground:
∆ u = u − u (1)
1 1 0
∆ u = u − u (2)
2 2 0
∆ u = u − u (3)
3 3 0
3.12
filter element
porous element in the cone penetrometer that transmits the pore pressure to the pore pressure sensor,
maintaining the geometry of the cone penetrometer
3.13
friction ratio
R
f
ratio of the measured sleeve friction to the measured cone resistance at the same depth
3.14
friction reducer
local and symmetrical enlargement of the diameter of a push rod to obtain a reduction of the friction along the
push rods
3.15
friction sleeve
section of the cone penetrometer where sleeve friction is measured
3.16
in situ equilibrium pore pressure
u
0
original in situ pore pressure at filter depth
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
3.17
inclination
deviation of the cone penetrometer from the vertical
3.18
initial pore pressure
u
i
measured pore pressure at the start of the dissipation test
3.19
measured cone resistance
q
c
division of the measured force on the cone Q by the projected area of the cone A :
c c
q = Q / A (4)
c c c
3.20
measured pore pressure
u , u , u
1 2 3
fluid pressure measured during penetration and dissipation testing. The pore pressure can be measured at
several locations as follows (see Figure 2):
u on the cone face
1
u at the cylindrical extension of the cone
2
u directly behind the friction sleeve
3
Key
1 pore pressure filter location
2 friction sleeve
3 cone penetrometer
4 cone
Figure 2 — Locations of measured pore pressures
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ISO/DIS 22476-1
3.21
measured sleeve friction
f
s
division of the measured force acting on the friction sleeve F by the area of the sleeve A :
s s
f = F / A (5)
s s s
3.22
measuring system
all sensors and ancillary parts used to transfer and/or store the electrical signals generated during the cone
penetration test
NOTE The measuring system normally includes components for measuring force (cone resistance, sleeve friction),
pressure (pore pressure), inclination, clock time and penetration length.
3.23
net area ratio
a
ratio of the cross-sectional area of the load cell or shaft of the cone penetrometer above the cone at the
location of the gap or groove where pore pressure can act, to the nominal cross-sectional area of the base of
the cone
3.24
net cone resistance
q
n
measured cone resistance corrected for the total ove
...