SIST EN ISO 22477-2:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2023
Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Preskušanje geotehničnih konstrukcij -
2. del: Preskušanje pilotov: statični natezni preskus (ISO 22477-2:2023)
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 2:
Testing of piles: static tension load testing (ISO 22477-2:2023)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung von geotechnischen Bauwerken
und Bauwerksteilen - Teil 2: Statisch axiale Pfahlprobelastung auf Zug (ISO 22477-
2:2023)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais des structures géotechniques - Partie
2: Essai de pieux: essais de chargement statique en traction (ISO 22477-2:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22477-2:2023
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 22477-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of
geotechnical structures - Part 2: Testing of piles: static
tension load testing (ISO 22477-2:2023)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais des Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung
structures géotechniques - Partie 2: Essai de pieux: von geotechnischen Bauwerken und Bauwerksteilen -
essais de chargement statique en traction (ISO 22477- Teil 2: Statisch axiale Pfahlprobelastung auf Zug (ISO
2:2023) 22477-2:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22477-2:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22477-2:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182
"Geotechnics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and
Testing” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2024, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22477-2:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22477-2:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22477-2
First edition
2023-07
Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Testing of geotechnical
structures —
Part 2:
Testing of piles: Static tension load
testing
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais des structures
géotechniques —
Partie 2: Essai de pieux: essais de chargement statique en traction
Reference number
ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms, definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols . 2
4 Equipment . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Reaction device . 3
4.3 Force Input . 4
4.3.1 General . 4
4.3.2 Specifications of force input . 5
4.4 Measurement of pile head displacements . 5
4.5 Measurement of pile load . 6
4.6 Pile instrumentation . 6
5 Test procedure .7
5.1 Test preparation . 7
5.1.1 Protections . 7
5.1.2 Construction of a test pile . 7
5.1.3 Test date . 8
5.2 Loading procedure . 8
5.2.1 General . 8
5.2.2 Load step sequence and duration of load steps for one cycle procedure . 8
5.2.3 Load step sequence and duration of load steps for multiple cycle procedure. 9
5.2.4 Maximum test load F . 10
p
5.2.5 Measuring intervals . 10
6 Test report .11
6.1 General . 11
6.2 General information. 11
6.3 Data report . 12
6.4 Interpretative report .13
Annex A (informative) Critical creep load in tension .18
Bibliography .19
iii
ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, in collaboration with
the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical
Investigation and Testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 22477 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of
geotechnical structures —
Part 2:
Testing of piles: Static tension load testing
1 Scope
This document establishes the specifications for the execution of static pile load tests in which a single
pile is subjected to an axial static load in tension in order to define its load-displacement behaviour.
This document is applicable to vertical piles as well as raking piles.
All types of piles are covered by this document. The tests considered in this document are limited to
maintained load tests. Cyclic load tests are not covered by this document.
NOTE ISO 22477-2 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997-1. Numerical values of partial factors
for limit states and of correlation factors to derive characteristic values from static pile load tests to be taken
into account in design are provided in EN 1997-1.
This document provides specifications for the execution of static axial pile load tests:
a) checking that a pile behaves as designed,
b) measuring the resistance of a pile.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
EN 1990, Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design
EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules
EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 2: Ground investigation and testing
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990, EN 1997-1, EN 1997-2
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
3.1 Terms, definitions
3.1.1
pile load
F
t
tension load applied to the head of the pile during the test
Note 1 to entry: For tests with embedded jack, the load is applied at another level (see ISO 22477-1).
3.1.2
load increment
increment of load added or removed during the test
3.1.3
pile diameter
equivalent pile diameter
D
diameter of the pile
4 A
Note 1 to entry: For non-circular pile with cross section A, the equivalent pile diameter equals .
π
3.1.4
working pile
pile for the foundation of a structure
3.1.5
test pile
pile to which loads are applied to determine the resistance-displacement characteristics of the pile and
the surrounding ground
3.1.6
measured tensile resistance
R
t,m
value of the measured tensile resistance at the ultimate limit state, in one or several pile load tests
Note 1 to entry: The recommended failure criterion may be defined in EN 1997-1 or its national annex.
3.1.7
creep rate
α
ratio of the increase in pile head displacement to the decimal logarithm of time during a specified time
interval
3.2 Symbols
A pile cross section
D pile diameter/equivalent pile diameter
F load applied to the head of the pile during the test
t
F critical creep load in tension
t,cr
F’ intersection of the linear regression of the first and last part of the alpha versus load curve
t,cr
F characteristic axial tensile load
t,k
F predefined maximum load applied during the test
p
ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
N axial force
q unit shaft friction
s
q measured value of q
s,m s
q mobilised shaft friction
s,mob
R tensile resistance of the ground against a pile, at the ultimate limit state
t
R measured value of R in one or several pile load tests
t,m t
s axial displacement of pile at any depth z
s settlement at time t
1 1
s settlement at time t
2 2
s axial displacement of pile head
h
t time
t additional time reference for calculation of creep rate α
t additional time reference for calculation of creep rate α
z depth
α creep rate
4 Equipment
4.1 General
The selection of the equipment shall take into account the aim of the test, the ground conditions and the
expected displacement of the pile under the maximum test load.
4.2 Reaction device
The reaction device for pile tested in tension can be:
— shallow foundations;
— compression piles.
NOTE 1 The reaction device can be the test pile itself where the load is applied at depth by one or more
hydraulic jacks which are cast into the pile for bi-directional pile loading (see ISO 22477-1).
The influence of the reaction system on the test pile shall be minimized.
The minimum clear distances between the test pile and the reaction system elements depend on the
aim of the test (tensile resistance or stiffness).
For tests aiming at determining tensile resistance (ultimate limit state), minimum required distances
are shown in Figure 1 a) and b). The maximum value shall be applied.
NOTE 2 If the minimum clear distance between reaction system and test pile is smaller than 5 D, the tensile
resistance can be overestimated. The provided minimum distances limit the overestimation to approximately
5 %.
ISO 22477-2:2023(E)
a) Shallow foundations b) Compression piles
Figure 1 — Minimum clear distances between test pile and reaction system
For tests aiming at evaluating the axial displacement for the serviceability limit state design,
the influence of reaction system is higher. In this case, a minimum 10 D clear distance should be
implemented. This clear distance value may be reduced if a dedicated assessment is performed, taking
into account the ground conditions. In any case, the clear distance shall not be lower than the values
given in Figure 1 a) and b).
NOTE 3 This assessment can include a modification of the reaction system to reduce its influence on the
tested pile. For example, reduction of the skin friction of the reaction piles or the use of embedded jack(s) can be
considered.
For static pile load tests on piles with a diameter smaller than 300 mm, these distances may be reduced.
However, the minimum clear distance shall be 1,5 m.
The reaction system shall be designed to resist the maximum test load F in accordance with the
p
relevant standards. The displacements of the reaction system shall be limited to ensure that the load is
applied axially for the duration of the test.
Working piles may be used as reaction piles, provided that their structural resistance is sufficient and
there is no detrimental effect on their ability to perform as part of the structure. The displacement of
the working piles shall be monitored during the test.
Reaction systems should be arranged symmetrically around the test pile. In cases of non-symmetrical
reaction systems, measures shall be taken to avoid detrimental rotation and/or translation of the
reaction system.
4.3 Force Input
4.3.1 General
One or more hydraulic jacks should be used to apply the load on the test pile.
If several hydraulic jacks are used to apply the test load, they shall be arranged symmetrically, of the
same model and be supplied by a common supply from one hydraulic unit. Each hydraulic jack shall be
provided with a shut-off valve and an additional pressure gauge.
If a single jack is used, it shall be arranged centrally in order to ensure the pile is loaded axia
...