SIST EN ISO 32543-1:2026
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems - Part 1: Pinhole camera radiographic method (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems - Part 1: Pinhole camera radiographic method (ISO 32543-1:2024)
This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 1 000 kV X-ray voltage by means of the pinhole camera method with digital evaluation. The tube voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV for visual film evaluation and can be selected higher than 200 kV if digital detectors are used.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane. Compared to the other methods specified in the EN 12543 series and the ISO 32543 series, this method allows to obtain an image of the focal spot and to see the state of it (e.g. cratering of the anode).
This test method provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard (macro focal spots) and mini focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes. This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a “pinhole” technique and evaluated with a digital method.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the specific FS (focal spot) values of Annex A can be used.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung von Brennflecken in Industrie-Röntgenanlagen - Teil 1: Radiographisches Lochkamera-Verfahren (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren für die Messung von effektiven Brennfleckgrößen oberhalb von 0,1 mm für Röntgenanlagen bis einschließlich 1 000 kV Röntgenröhrenspannung mit dem Lochkamera-Verfahren mit digitaler Auswertung fest. Die für die Messung verwendete Röntgenröhrenspannung ist für eine visuelle Auswertung des Films auf 200 kV begrenzt und kann bei Verwendung digitaler Detektoren höher als 200 kV gewählt werden.
Die Bildgüte und die Auflösung von Röntgenbildern hängen in hohem Maße von den Eigenschaften des effektiven Brennflecks ab, besonders von der Größe und der zweidimensionalen Intensitätsverteilung, wie von der Detektorebene aus gesehen. Im Vergleich zu den anderen in den Normenreihen EN 12543N3 und ISO 32543 festgelegten Verfahren ermöglicht es dieses Verfahren, ein Bild des Brennflecks zu erhalten und dessen Zustand zu sehen (z. B. Kraterbildung an der Anode).
Dieses Prüfverfahren gibt Anleitungen für die Bestimmung der effektiven Größe (Maße) von Standard-Brennflecken (Makro-Brennflecken) und Mini- Brennflecken industrieller Röntgenröhren. Diese Bestimmung basiert auf der Messung eines Profils eines mit einer „Lochkamera-Technik“ radiographisch aufgenommenen und mit einem digitalen Verfahren beurteilten Bildes eines Brennflecks.
Für die Charakterisierung von handelsüblichen Röntgenröhren (d. h. zu Werbe oder Handelszwecken) können die jeweiligen FS Werte (en: focal spot) aus Anhang A verwendet werden.
Essais non destructifs - Caractéristiques des foyers émissifs des tubes radiogènes industriels - Partie 1: Méthode radiographique par sténopé (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination des dimensions de foyers émissifs effectifs supérieurs à 0,1 mm pour des tubes radiogènes dont la tension est inférieure ou égale à 1 000 kV tension radiographique, au moyen de la méthode radiographique par sténopé avec évaluation numérique. La tension appliquée pour ce mesurage est limitée 200 kV pour l’évaluation visuelle du film et peut être choisie supérieure à 200 kV si l’on utilise des détecteurs numériques.
La qualité d’image et la résolution des images radiographiques dépendent étroitement des caractéristiques du foyer émissif effectif, en particulier de sa taille et de la répartition bidimensionnelle de l’intensité observée depuis le plan du détecteur. Comparée aux autres méthodes spécifiées dans la série EN 12543 ou la série ISO 32543, cette méthode permet d’obtenir une image du foyer émissif et de voir son état (par exemple, formation de cratères dans l’anode).
Cette méthode d’essai fournit des instructions pour déterminer la taille effective (les dimensions) des foyers standards (macrofoyers émissifs) et des minifoyers des tubes radiogènes industriels. Cette détermination repose sur le mesurage d’une image d’un foyer émissif qui a été enregistrée radiographiquement à l’aide d’une technique par sténopé et évaluée au moyen d’une méthode numérique.
Pour la caractérisation des tubes radiogènes du commerce (c’est-à-dire pour la publicité ou le commerce), les valeurs FS (foyer émissif) de l’Annexe A peuvent être utilisées.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Značilnosti goriščne površine v industrijskih rentgenskih sistemih za neporušitveno preskušanje - 1. del: Radiografska metoda s kamero z luknjico (ISO 32543-1:2024)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2026
Neporušitvene preiskave - Značilnosti goriščne površine v industrijskih
rentgenskih sistemih za neporušitveno preskušanje - 1. del: Radiografska metoda
s kamero z luknjico (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems - Part
1: Pinhole camera radiographic method (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung von Brennflecken in Industrie-
Röntgenanlagen - Teil 1: Radiographisches Lochkamera-Verfahren (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Essais non destructifs - Caractéristiques des foyers émissifs des tubes radiogènes
industriels - Partie 1: Méthode radiographique par sténopé (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 32543-1:2025
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 32543-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 12543-2:2021
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in
industrial X-ray systems - Part 1: Pinhole camera
radiographic method (ISO 32543-1:2024)
Essais non destructifs - Caractéristiques des foyers Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung von
émissifs des tubes radiogènes industriels - Partie 1: Brennflecken in Industrie-Röntgenanlagen - Teil 1:
Méthode radiographique par sténopé (ISO 32543- Radiographisches Lochkamera-Verfahren (ISO 32543-
1:2024) 1:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 September 2025.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
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Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 32543-1:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO 32543-1:2024 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-destructive
testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2026, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12543-2:2021.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 32543-1:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 32543-1:2025 without any
modification.
International
Standard
ISO 32543-1
First edition
Non-destructive testing —
2024-05
Characteristics of focal spots in
industrial X-ray systems —
Part 1:
Pinhole camera radiographic method
Essais non destructifs — Caractéristiques des foyers émissifs des
tubes radiogènes industriels —
Partie 1: Méthode radiographique par sténopé
Reference number
ISO 32543-1:2024(en) © ISO 2024
ISO 32543-1:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
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ii
ISO 32543-1:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test equipment . 2
4.1 Essential characteristics of the pinhole .2
4.2 Alignment and position of the pinhole camera .3
4.3 Position of the radiographic image detector .4
4.4 Requirements on the radiographic image detector .5
4.5 Image processing equipment for digital images .5
4.6 Loading factors . .6
5 Measurement and determination of the focal spot size . 6
5.1 Measurement procedure .6
5.2 Measurement with digital technique (preferred method) .7
5.3 Evaluation with digital technique using integrated line profiles (ILP) .8
5.4 Measurement of effective focal spot size visually using film radiographs .10
6 Classification and result of focal spot size measurement .11
Annex A (normative) Values for the classification of X-ray tube focal spot sizes .13
Bibliography .15
iii
ISO 32543-1:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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This document was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (EN 12543-2:2021) and
was adopted (without modification other than those given below) by Technical Committee(s) ISO/TC 135,
Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 5, Radiographic testing.
The main changes are as follows:
— verbal forms in the Scope and 5.1 NOTE have been modified to meet ISO content requirements;
— definitions in Clause 3 have been modified to remove reference to content outside Clause 3;
— Figures 5, 6 and 7 have been updated;
— keys have been added to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6;
— change "profile integration" to "profile averaging" when referring to the averaging of the profile lines;
— minor editorial corrections.
A list of all parts in the ISO 32543 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 32543-1:2024(en)
Introduction
In order to cover the large range of effective focal spot sizes, different methods are described in the
ISO 32543 series.
The pinhole method of ISO 32543-1 is intended for effective focal spot sizes above 0,1 mm and mainly used
for sealed standard and mini focus tubes. ASTM E1165 describes the same pinhole procedure.
The edge method of EN 12543-4 is intended for field applications when the users have to observe the
effective focal spot on a regular basis and the pinhole method is non-practical.
The edge measurement method of EN 12543-5 is intended for measurement of effective focal spot sizes
between 5 µm and 300 µm and mainly for the use with µ-Focus tubes (up to 100 µm) and mini focus tubes
with spot sizes of 100 µm to 300 µm.
In the overlapping ranges, the different parts of the EN 12543 series and ISO 32543 series provide comparable
values within ±20 % tolerance.
v
SIST EN ISO 32543-1:
...
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