SIST EN ISO 2746:2016
(Main)Vitreous and porcelain enamels - High voltage test (ISO 2746:2015)
Vitreous and porcelain enamels - High voltage test (ISO 2746:2015)
ISO 2746:2015 describes two test methods of high voltage testing:
- Test A is used to detect and locate defects in vitreous and porcelain enamels;
- Test B is used to detect and locate defects and weak spots in vitreous and porcelain enamels.
The tests are performed using DC or pulsed DC high voltage.
The tests are applicable to dry surfaces of enamel coatings. In the case of moist surfaces, care should be taken to ensure that the locating of any defects is correctly performed.
Since test voltages depend on the coating thickness, the test method, especially with test A, may not be suitable for test specimens for which the coating thickness varies to a large extent.
Emails und Emaillierungen - Hochspannungsprüfung (ISO 2746:2015)
Diese Internationale Norm legt zwei Verfahren der Hochspannungsprüfung fest:
— Prüfung A zum Nachweis und Lokalisieren von Fehlstellen in Emails und Emaillierungen;
— Prüfung B zum Nachweis und Lokalisieren sowohl von Fehlstellen als auch von Schwachstellen in Emails und Emaillierungen.
Die Prüfungen werden mit gleichgerichteter Hochspannung (DC) oder gepulster DC-Hochspannung durchgeführt.
Die Prüfungen gelten für trockene Emailoberflächen. Bei feuchten Oberflächen sollte darauf geachtet werden, dass die Prüfung zum vollständigen Nachweis von Fehlstellen korrekt vorgenommen wird.
Da die Prüfspannung von der Dicke des Emailüberzugs abhängt, kann das Prüfverfahren, insbesondere bei Prüfung A, nicht für Prüfgegenstände geeignet sein, bei denen große Unterschiede der Überzugsdicken auftreten.
Émaux vitrifiés - Essai sous haute tension (ISO 2746:2015)
ISO 2746:2015 décrit deux méthodes d'essai sous haute tension:
- l'essai A sert à détecter et à localiser les défauts dans les émaux vitrifiés;
- l'essai B sert à détecter et à localiser les défauts et les points faibles dans les émaux vitrifiés.
Les essais sont réalisés sous haute tension en courant continu ou en courant continu pulsé.
Les essais sont effectués sur les surfaces sèches des revêtements émaillés. En cas de surfaces humides, il convient de veiller à ce que la localisation des éventuels défauts soit correctement réalisée.
Les tensions d'essai variant en fonction de l'épaisseur du revêtement, les méthodes d'essai, en particulier celle de l'essai A, peuvent ne pas convenir à des éprouvettes présentant une fluctuation importante de l'épaisseur du revêtement.
Steklasti in porcelanski emajli - Visokonapetostni preskus (ISO 2746:2015)
Ta standard, ki revidira standarda EN 14430:2004 in ISO 2746:1998, opisuje dve preskusni metodi visokonapetostnega preskušanja: – preskus A se uporablja za odkrivanje in lociranje napak v steklastih in porcelanskih emajlih; – preskus B se uporablja za odkrivanje in lociranje napak in pomanjkljivosti v steklastih in porcelanskih emajlih. Preskusa se opravita z enosmernim, pulzirajočim enosmernim ali izmeničnim visokim tokom. Preskusa se uporabljata pri suhi površini emajliranih premazov. Če je površina vlažna, je treba zagotoviti, da je lociranje morebitnih napak izvedeno ustrezno. Ker so preskusne napetosti odvisne od debeline premaza, preskusna metoda, zlasti pri preskusu A, morda ni primerna za preskusne vzorce, pri katerih je debelina premaza izjemno neenakomerna.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Public Enquiry End Date
- 10-Aug-2014
- Publication Date
- 03-Dec-2015
- Technical Committee
- IPKZ - Protection of metals against corrosion
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 18-Nov-2015
- Due Date
- 23-Jan-2016
- Completion Date
- 04-Dec-2015
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2016
Overview
EN ISO 2746:2015 - "Vitreous and porcelain enamels - High voltage test" (adopted by CEN) defines two high-voltage test methods for assessing enamel coatings on metallic substrates. The standard covers both Test A (detection and location of defects that reach the metal base) and Test B (detection of defects and weak spots). Tests use DC or pulsed DC high voltage applied to dry enamel surfaces to generate optical/acoustic signals at spark events; Test A is typically non‑destructive, Test B can be destructive.
Key topics and requirements
- Test purposes
- Test A: Locate defects (e.g., open pores, cracks) that expose the metal base; generally applied to thin coatings.
- Test B: Locate defects and detect weak spots (blisters, inclusions, spalling) by higher voltages; typically applied to thick coatings and may create open pores.
- Voltage and dependence on coating thickness
- Test voltages depend on enamel coating thickness; the standard provides DC voltage guidance (Table 1) and allows agreed voltages for pulsed DC.
- Test A may be unsuitable when coating thickness varies widely.
- Apparatus and electrical parameters
- High-voltage generator (DC or pulsed DC) with specified accuracy and safety characteristics. For DC generators, internal resistance and current limits are specified (short-circuit mean current 2–3 mA max; spark peak 10–50 mA; charge per impulse ≤25 μC).
- Earthing/grounding: negative pole to earth/ground; positive to test electrode via screened cable.
- Test electrode options: metal wire or conductive rubber; brush holder and insulated hand-piece with earthed cover are specified.
- Indicator device for optical/acoustic detection and coating thickness measurement (referenced ISO 2178 / ISO 2360).
- Test conditions & limitations
- Applicable to dry surfaces; moist surfaces require care to correctly locate defects.
- Edges/borders within 2 cm can produce arcing and may be unsuitable for testing.
- Safety note: standard does not cover health/safety requirements - follow relevant regulations and IEC/TS 60479 guidance on effects of current on humans and livestock.
Applications and users
- Quality control and inspection of enamelled products: sinks, cookware, architectural panels, chemical industry vessels, storage tanks.
- Coating manufacturers and enamel applicators for process monitoring and defect-density measurement.
- Laboratories and certification bodies verifying enamel dielectric performance or resistance under corrosive conditions.
- Design/specification engineers writing procurement or acceptance criteria for enamel coatings.
Related standards
- ISO 2178 - coating thickness measurement (magnetic method)
- ISO 2360 - coating thickness measurement (eddy-current method)
- IEC/TS 60479-1 / 60479-2 - effects of electric current on humans/livestock (safety guidance)
- EN 14430:2004 - superseded by EN ISO 2746:2015
Keywords: EN ISO 2746:2015, high voltage test, vitreous and porcelain enamels, Test A, Test B, DC, pulsed DC, coating thickness, enamel defect detection.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN ISO 2746:2016 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Vitreous and porcelain enamels - High voltage test (ISO 2746:2015)". This standard covers: ISO 2746:2015 describes two test methods of high voltage testing: - Test A is used to detect and locate defects in vitreous and porcelain enamels; - Test B is used to detect and locate defects and weak spots in vitreous and porcelain enamels. The tests are performed using DC or pulsed DC high voltage. The tests are applicable to dry surfaces of enamel coatings. In the case of moist surfaces, care should be taken to ensure that the locating of any defects is correctly performed. Since test voltages depend on the coating thickness, the test method, especially with test A, may not be suitable for test specimens for which the coating thickness varies to a large extent.
ISO 2746:2015 describes two test methods of high voltage testing: - Test A is used to detect and locate defects in vitreous and porcelain enamels; - Test B is used to detect and locate defects and weak spots in vitreous and porcelain enamels. The tests are performed using DC or pulsed DC high voltage. The tests are applicable to dry surfaces of enamel coatings. In the case of moist surfaces, care should be taken to ensure that the locating of any defects is correctly performed. Since test voltages depend on the coating thickness, the test method, especially with test A, may not be suitable for test specimens for which the coating thickness varies to a large extent.
SIST EN ISO 2746:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 25.220.50 - Enamels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN ISO 2746:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 14430:2004. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase SIST EN ISO 2746:2016 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14430:2004
Steklasti in porcelanski emajli - Visokonapetostni preskus (ISO 2746:2015)
Vitreous and porcelain enamels - High voltage test (ISO 2746:2015)
Emails und Emaillierungen - Hochspannungsprüfung (ISO 2746:2015)
Émaux vitrifiés - Essai sous haute tension (ISO 2746:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 2746:2015
ICS:
25.220.50 Emajlne prevleke Enamels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 2746
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2015
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.220.50 Supersedes EN 14430:2004
English Version
Vitreous and porcelain enamels - High voltage test (ISO
2746:2015)
Emaux vitrifiés - Essai sous haute tension (ISO Emails und Emaillierungen - Hochspannungsprüfung
2746:2015) (ISO 2746:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 August 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 2746:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 2746:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 " Metallic
and other inorganic coatings" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and
other inorganic coatings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 14430:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 2746:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 2746:2015 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2746
Third edition
2015-10-01
Vitreous and porcelain enamels —
High voltage test
Émaux vitrifiés — Essai sous haute tension
Reference number
ISO 2746:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 2746:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 2746:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Specimens . 2
7 Test voltage . 3
7.1 Test A: Detection of defects (3.1) which extend down to the metal basis (e.g. open pores) 3
7.2 Test B: Detection of defects and weak spots (3.2) . 4
8 Procedure. 4
9 Test report . 4
Bibliography . 6
ISO 2746:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
ISO 2746 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 262, Metallic and other inorganic coatings, in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2746:1998) which has been technically
revised. This edition has also been adopted as a European standard, which supersedes EN 14430:2004.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 2746:2015(E)
Introduction
There are two different objectives for high voltage testing of vitreous and porcelain enamels.
Test A is used to detect and locate defects, which extend down to the metal base (e.g. open pores). This
is a non-destructive test usually applied to thin enamel coatings. The test serves to monitor either that
the parts produced are free from defects at the chosen test voltage, or to count the number of existing
defects, e.g. to determine the defect density (defects/m ) of enamelled architecture panels.
Test B is used to detect and locate defects, which extend down to the metal base (e.g. open pores) and
to detect weak spots. This is a destructive test, i.e. the test can generate open pores with an electric
discharge through weak spot
...
이 기사에서는 SIST EN ISO 2746:2016 표준에 대해 다루고 있다. 이 표준은 EN 14430:2004와 ISO 2746:1998을 대체하며, 유리화 및 마감 장식용 에나멜에 대한 두 가지 고전압 시험 방법을 설명하고 있다. 테스트 A는 유리와 에나멜에서 결함을 감지하고 위치를 찾는 데 사용되며, 테스트 B는 유리와 에나멜에서 결함과 약한 부분을 감지하고 위치를 찾는 데 사용된다. 테스트는 DC, 펄스 DC 또는 교류 고전압을 사용하여 수행할 수 있다. 테스트는 에나멜 코팅의 건조한 표면에 적용되며, 습기가 있는 표면의 경우 결함의 검출이 올바르게 이루어지도록 주의해야 한다. 테스트 전압은 코팅 두께에 따라 달라지며, 테스트 A의 경우 코팅 두께가 크게 다른 시험 시편에 대해서는 적합하지 않을 수 있다.
この記事では、SIST EN ISO 2746:2016について説明されています。この基準は、EN 14430:2004およびISO 2746:1998の2つの基準を置き換え、ガラス質および磁器エナメルに対する2つの高電圧試験方法を説明しています。試験Aはガラスおよびエナメルの欠陥を検出・位置特定するために使用され、試験Bはガラスおよびエナメルの欠陥や弱点を検出・位置特定するために使用されます。試験は、直流、パルスDC、または交流の高電圧を使用して行われます。試験はエナメルコーティングの乾燥した表面に適用されますが、湿った表面の場合は欠陥の位置特定が適切に行われるよう注意する必要があります。試験電圧はコーティングの厚さに依存し、特に試験Aの場合、コーティングの厚さが大きく異なる試験材料には適さない場合があります。
The article discusses a standard, SIST EN ISO 2746:2016, which replaces two previous standards, EN 14430:2004 and ISO 2746:1998. It outlines two test methods, Test A and Test B, for high voltage testing of vitreous and porcelain enamels. Test A is used to detect and localize defects, while Test B is used to detect defects and weak spots in the enamels. The tests can be conducted using DC, pulsed DC, or AC high voltage. They are applicable to dry surfaces of enamel coatings, although for moist surfaces, extra care is recommended. The test voltage depends on the thickness of the coating, and the suitability of the test method may vary for specimens with significant variation in coating thickness.










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