kSIST FprEN 1993-5:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1993-5:2023
01-december-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1993-5:2007
Evrokod 3 - Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij - 5. del: Pilotiranje
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 5: Piling
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 5: Pfähle und
Spundwände
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 5: Pieux et palplanches
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1993-5
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
oSIST prEN 1993-5:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

oSIST prEN 1993-5:2023
oSIST prEN 1993-5:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1993-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2023
ICS Will supersede EN 1993-5:2007
English Version
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 5: Piling
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 5: Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Pieux et palplanches Stahlbauten - Teil 5: Pfähle und Spundwände
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 250.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1993-5:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN 1993-5:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 7
0 Introduction . 8
1 Scope .11
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-5 .11
1.2 Assumptions .11
2 Normative references .12
3 Terms, definitions, symbols .13
3.1 Terms and definitions .13
3.1.1 Terms and definitions for piles .13
3.1.2 Terms and definitions relating to anchors, tension piles and waling .16
3.2 Symbols .22
3.2.1 General .22
3.2.2 Latin upper-case symbols .23
3.2.3 Latin lower-case symbols .25
3.2.4 Greek symbols .26
3.3 Convention for sheet pile axes .28
4 Basis of design .29
4.1.1 Basic requirements .29
4.1.2 Structural reliability and consequences of failure .30
4.1.3 Robustness.30
4.1.4 Design service life .31
4.1.5 Durability .31
4.1.6 Sustainability .31
4.2 Principles of limit state design .31
4.2.1 Design situations .31
4.2.2 Ultimate limit state criteria .31
4.2.3 Serviceability limit state criteria .32
4.3 Basic variables .33
4.3.1 Actions and environmental influences .33
4.3.2 Material and product properties and geometrical data.34
4.4 Verification by the partial factor method .34
4.4.1 Design values of actions .34
4.4.2 Design values of material properties .34
4.4.3 Design values of geometrical properties .34
4.4.4 Construction tolerances .34
4.4.5 Imperfections .34
4.5 Driveability .34
4.6 Design assisted by finite element analysis.35
4.6.1 General .35
4.6.2 Secondary elements .35
4.7 Design assisted by testing .35
4.8 Verification by observational method .36
4.9 Fatigue .36
5 Materials .36
5.1 General .36
5.2 Material properties for steel piles .36
5.2.1 Strength of bearing piles .36
5.2.2 Strength of hot rolled sheet piles .37
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5.2.3 Strength of cold formed sheet piles . 37
5.2.4 Strength of steel members used for combined walls . 37
5.2.5 Ductility of steel piles . 38
5.2.6 Fracture toughness of steel piles . 38
5.3 Interlocks and connecting devices . 39
5.4 Material properties for steel elements used for anchors and tension piles . 39
5.4.1 General . 39
5.4.2 Anchor tension elements . 39
5.4.3 Ductility of anchors and tension piles . 40
5.5 Material properties for steel members used for bracing . 40
6 Durability . 40
6.1 General . 40
6.2 Durability requirements for piling . 42
6.3 Durability requirements for anchors and tension piles . 43
6.4 Corrosion rates for design . 43
6.4.1 Corrosion rates for design in soil and water . 43
6.4.2 Corrosion rates for design due to mechanical wearing . 45
6.4.3 Corrosion due to stray currents . 46
6.4.4 Corrosion rates for design in atmospheric environment . 46
7 Structural analysis . 46
7.1 Structural modelling . 46
7.1.1 Modelling of the structure . 46
7.1.2 Modelling of anchors, tension piles, walings, bracing and connections . 46
7.2 Global analysis for ultimate limit state design checks . 47
7.3 Imperfections . 51
7.4 Methods of analysis considering material nonlinearities . 52
7.5 Classification of cross-sections . 52
7.5.1 Classification of U, Z and Ω sheet piles . 52
7.5.2 Classification of other cross-sections . 53
8 Ultimate limit state . 53
8.1 General . 53
8.2 Partial factors . 54
8.3 Sheet piling . 54
8.3.1 Bending resistance of sheet piling considering shear lag . 54
8.3.2 Shear resistance of sheet piling . 57
8.3.3 Resistance of sheet piling for combined bending, shear and axial force. 59
8.3.4 Buckling of sheet piling in bending and axial compression . 60
8.3.5 Local effects of water pressure . 63
8.3.6 Concentrated load introduction . 64
8.4 Bearing piles . 67
8.4.1 General . 67
8.4.2 Design methods and design considerations . 67
8.4.3 Buckling of bearing piles . 68
8.4.4 Verification of steel piles filled with concrete. 69
8.5 High modulus walls . 69
8.6 Jagged walls . 70
8.7 Combined walls . 70
8.7.1 General . 70
8.7.2 Secondary elements . 70
8.7.3 Connectors . 72
8.7.4 Primary elements . 72
8.8 H-piles used as primary elements . 73
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8.8.1 General .73
8.8.2 H-piles in axial compression and bending .73
8.8.3 Lateral torsional buckling of H-piles.74
8.8.4 Shear buckling of H-piles .78
8.8.5 The combined effect of member forces and flange bending .78
8.9 Tubular sections used as primary elements .80
8.9.1 General .80
8.9.2 Tubular piles in bending and shear .81
8.9.3 Tubular piles in axial compression and bending .81
8.9.4 Buckling of tubular piles .81
8.9.5 Effects of transverse loads .82
8.9.6 The combined effect of member forces and circumferential bending .84
8.9.7 The effect of circumferential deformation on member resistance .85
8.9.8 Flexibility and ductility of the tubular piles .87
8.10 Straight web steel sheet piles .88
8.10.1 General .88
8.10.2 Verification of junction piles .89
8.11 Anchors and tension piles .90
8.11.1 General .90
8.11.2 Design resistance of tension elements for anchors .91
8.11.3 Anchors and tension piles subject to proof testing .93
8.12 Walings and bracings .94
8.13 Connections .94
9 Serviceability limit state .96
9.1 Basis .96
9.2 Displacements of retaining walls .96
9.3 Displacements of bearing piles .96
9.4 Structural aspects of steel sheet piling .97
9.5 Anchors and tension piles .97
Annex A (normative) Cold formed and class 4 steel sheet piles .98
A.1 Use of this annex .98
A.2 Scope and field of application .98
A.3 General .98
A.3.1 Form of cold formed steel sheet piles .98
A.3.2 Terminology .99
A.4 Basis of design .99
A.4.1 Ultimate limit states .99
A.4.2 Serviceability limit states .99
A.5 Properties of materials and cross-sections .99
A.5.1 Material properties .99
A.5.2 Section properties . 100
A.6 Local buckling . 101
A.7 Resistance of cross-sections . 103
A.7.1 General . 103
A.7.2 Bending moment . 104
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A.7.3 Shear force . 104
A.7.4 Local transverse forces . 105
A.7.4.1 General . 105
A.7.4.2 Webs subject to transverse compressive forces . 105
A.7.4.3 Webs subject to transverse tensile forces . 105
A.7.5 Combined shear force and bending moment. 105
A.7.6 Combined bending moment and local transverse forces . 106
A.7.7 Combined bending moment and axial force . 106
A.7.8 Local transverse bending . 106
A.8 Design by calculation . 107
Annex B (normative) Testing of class 4 steel sheet piles . 108
B.1 Use of this annex . 108
B.2 Scope and field of application . 108
B.3 General . 108
B.4 Tests on material . 109
B.5 Cross-sectional data based on testing . 109
B.6 Single span beam test . 109
B.7 Intermediate support test . 110
B.8 Double span beam test . 111
B.9 Evaluation of test results . 112
B.9.1 General . 112
B.9.2 Adjustment of test results . 112
B.9.3 Characteristic values . 112
B.9.4 Design values. 112
Annex C (normative) Conditions for use of plastic analysis and elasto-plastic verification
for sheet pile walls . 113

C.1 Use of this annex . 113
C.2 Scope and field of application . 113
C.3 Type of analysis . 113
C.3.1 General . 113
C.3.2 Use of nonlinear behaviour for determination of the bending moment . 113
C.4 Flexural capacity of cross sections . 114
C.4.1 Determination of required rotational capacity . 115
Annex D (normative) Reference resistance design formulas for class 3 and 4 manufactured
tubular piles loaded in longitudinal bending . 119
D.1 Use of this annex . 119
D.2 Scope and field of application . 119
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D.3 Section resistance . 120
D.4 Buckling strength verification . 120
D.5 Buckling parameters. 121
Annex E (normative) Properties of semi-compact sections . 123
E.1 Scope and field of application . 123
E.2 Section properties . 123
Annex F (informative) Typical grades of reinforcing and prestressing steels used for
tension elements . 124
F.1 Use of this annex . 124
F.2 Scope and field of application . 124
Bibliography . 126
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1993-5:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural
Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Euro-
codes and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design matters by CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1993-5:2007.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part
of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product
and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are
relied upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
Annexes.
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0 Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes comprise the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
• EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural and geotechnical design
• EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
• EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
• EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
• EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
• EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
• EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures
• EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design
• EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
• EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
• New parts are under development, e.g. Eurocode for design of structural glass
The Eurocodes are intended for use by designers, clients, manufacturers, constructors, relevant
authorities (in exercising their duties in accordance with national or international regulations),
educators, software developers, and committees drafting standards for related product, testing and
execution standards.
NOTE Some aspects of design are most appropriately specified by relevant authorities or, where not specified,
can be agreed on a project-specific basis between relevant parties such as designers and clients. The Eurocodes
identify such aspects making explicit reference to relevant authorities and relevant parties.
0.2 Introduction to EN 1993 (all parts)
EN 1993 (all parts) applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in steel. It complies with
the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design
and verification that are given in EN 1990 – Basis of structural and geotechnical design.
EN 1993 (all parts) is concerned only with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire
resistance of steel structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not
covered.
EN 1993 is subdivided in various parts:
EN 1993-1, Design of steel structures — Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings;
EN 1993-2, Design of steel structures — Part 2: Bridges;
EN 1993-3, Design of steel structures — Part 3: Towers, masts and chimneys;
EN 1993-4, Design of steel structures — Part 4: Silos and tanks;
EN 1993-5, Design of steel structures — Part 5: Piling;
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EN 1993-6, Design of steel structures — Part 6: Crane supporting structures;
EN 1993-7, Design of steel structures — Part 7: Sandwich panels (under preparation).
EN 1993-1 in itself does not exist as a physical document, but comprises the following 14 separate parts,
the basic part being EN 1993-1-1:
EN 1993-1-1, Design of steel structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings;
EN 1993-1-2, Design of steel structures — Part 1-2: Structural fire design;
EN 1993-1-3, Design of steel structures — Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting;
NOTE Cold-formed hollow sections supplied according to EN 10219 (all parts) are covered in EN 1993-1-1.
EN 1993-1-4, Design of steel structures — Part 1-4: Stainless steel structures;
EN 1993-1-5, Design of steel structures — Part 1-5: Plated structural elements;
EN 1993-1-6, Design of steel structures — Part 1-6: Strength and stability of shell structures;
EN 1993-1-7, Design of steel structures — Part 1-7: Plate assemblies with elements under transverse loads;
EN 1993-1-8, Design of steel structures — Part 1-8: Joints;
EN 1993-1-9, Design of steel structures — Part 1-9: Fatigue;
EN 1993-1-10, Design of steel structures — Part 1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness
properties;
EN 1993-1-11, Design of steel structures — Part 1-11: Tension components;
EN 1993-1-12, Design of steel structures — Part 1-12: Additional rules for steel grades up to S960;
EN 1993-1-13, Design of steel structures — Part 1-13: Rules for beams with large web openings;
EN 1993-1-14, Design of steel structures — Part 1-14: Design assisted by finite element analysis (under
preparation).
All subsequent parts EN 1993-1-2 to EN 1993-1-14 treat general topics that are independent from the
structural type like structural fire design, cold-formed members and sheeting, stainless steels, plated
structural elements, etc.
All subsequent parts numbered EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 treat topics relevant for a specific structural
type like steel bridges, towers, masts and chimneys, silos and tanks, piling, crane supporting structures,
etc. EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 refer to the generic rules in EN 1993-1 and supplement, modify or supersede
them, where relevant.
0.3 Introduction to EN 1993-5
EN 1993-5 gives design rules for steel sheet piling and bearing piles to supplement the generic rules in
EN 1993-1. The focus in EN 1993-5 is on design rules that supplement, modify or supersede the
equivalent provisions given in EN 1993-1
EN 1993-5 is intended to be used with Eurocodes EN 1990 - Basis of structural and geotechnical design,
EN 1991 - Actions on structures and EN 1997 - Geotechnical Design.
0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
The verb “shall” expresses a requirement strictly to be followed and from which no deviation is permitted
in order to comply with the Eurocodes.
The verb “should” expresses a highly recommended choice or course of action. Subject to national
regulation and/or any relevant contractual provisions, alternative approaches could be used/adopted
where technically justified.
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The verb “may” expresses a course of action permissible within the limits of the Eurocodes.
The verb “can” expresses possibility and capability; it is used for statements of fact and clarification of
concepts.
0.5 National annex for EN 1993-5
National choice is allowed in this standard where explicitly stated within notes. National choice includes
the selection of values for Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).
The national standard implementing EN 1993-5 can have a National Annex containing all national choices
to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant
country.
When no national choice is given, the default choice given in this standard is to be used.
When no national choice is made and no default is given in this standard, the choice can be specified by
the relevant authority or, where not specified, agreed for a specific project by the relevant parties.
National choice is allowed in prEN 1993-5 through notes to the following:
4.1.3 (2) 4.6.1 (2) 4.6.2 (2) 5.2.6 (1)
6.4.1 (1) 6.4.4 (1) 7.4. (2) 8.2 (1)
8.2 (2) 8.2 (3) 8.3.1 (2) 8.11.2 (1)
9.4 (4)
National choice is allowed in EN 1993-5 on the application of the following informative annexes:
Annex F
The National Annex can contain, directly or by reference, non-contradictory complementary information
for ease of implementation, provided it does not alter any provisions of the Eurocodes.
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1 Scope
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-5
(1) EN 1993-5 provides rules for structural design of bearing piles and sheet piles made of steel.
(2) EN 1993-5 provides rules for the structural design of steel elements for foundations and retaining
structures constructed using steel piles.
(3) EN 1993-5 is applicable to:
— steel piled foundations for civil engineering works on land and over water;
— temporary or permanent structures needed to carry out steel piling work;
— temporary and permanent retaining structures made of continuous steel piling.
(4) EN 1993-5 does not apply to:
— offshore platforms;
— dolphins;
— ground reinforcing elements.
NOTE Ground reinforcing elements include rock bolts; soil nails; sprayed concrete; wire mesh and facing
elements.
(5) EN 1993-5 does not cover the following aspects:
— geotechnical design;
— seismic design.
NOTE 1 For geotechnical design see prEN 1997 (all parts).
NOTE 2 For the effects of ground movement caused by earthquakes see EN 1998.
(6) EN 1993-5 provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1993-1 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts)
apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-5 are applicable if
— the execution quality for steel piles is as specified in EN 12063, EN 12699, EN 14199 and
— the execution quality for associated steel elements (such as bracing, anchors, waling, etc.) is as
specified in EN 1090-2, EN 1537 and
— the execution quality for concreting of bearing piles is as specified in EN 1536 and
— the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all
parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
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(3) The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and
geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations
do not apply to design assisted by testing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE See the Bibliography for a list of other documents cited that are not normative references, including
those referenced as recommendations (i.e. in ‘should’ clauses), permissions (‘may’ clauses), possibilities ('can'
clauses), and in notes.
EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for
steel structures
EN 1536, Execution of special geotechnical work — Bored piles
EN 1537, Execution of special geotechnical works — Ground anchors
EN 1990:2023, Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures
prEN 1992-1-1:2021, Eurocode 2 — Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings, bridges and civil engineering structures
EN 1993-1, (all parts), Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures
prEN 1994-1-1:202x, Eurocode 4 — Design of composite steel and concrete structures — 1-1: General rules
and rules for buildings (under development)
EN 1997 (all parts), Eurocode 7 — Geotechnical design
EN 10210 (all parts), Hot finished steel structural hollow sections
EN 10219 (all parts), Cold formed welded steel structural hollow sections
EN 10248 (all parts), Hot-rolled steel sheet piles
EN 10249 (all parts), Cold formed steel sheet piling
EN 12063, Execution of special geotechnical work — Sheet pile walls, combined pile walls, high modulus
walls
EN 12699, Execution of special geotechnical work — Displacement piles
EN 14199, Execution of special geotechnical work — Micropiles
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3 Terms, definitions, symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Figures 3.1 to Figure 3.7 are only examples and are provided to enhance the understanding of the
wording of the terminology used. The examples are by no means exhaustive and they do not represent any preferred
detailing.
3.1.1 Terms and definitions for piles
3.1.1.1
bearing pile
pile that transmits forces to the ground either by compression through end bearing or by friction between
the surface of the pile and the adjacent ground or a combination of both
Note 1 to entry: See examples in Figure 3.1a.
3.1.1.2
box pile
non-circular hollow pile fabricated from any combination of sheet pile and plate continuously or
intermittently welded together in longitudinal direction (see Figures 3.1a and 3.1c)
...