SIST EN 14081-1:2016+A1:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14081-1:2016
Lesene konstrukcije - Po trdnosti razvrščen konstrukcijski les pravokotnega
prečnega prereza - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section -
Part 1: General requirements
Holzbauwerke - Nach Festigkeit sortiertes Bauholz für tragende zwecke mit
rechteckigem Querschnitt - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Structures en bois - Bois de structure à section rectangulaire classé pour sa résistance -
Partie 1 : Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14081-1:2016+A1:2019
ICS:
79.040 Les, hlodovina in žagan les Wood, sawlogs and sawn
timber
91.080.20 Lesene konstrukcije Timber structures
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 14081-1:2016+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 79.040 Supersedes EN 14081-1:2016
English Version
Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber
with rectangular cross section - Part 1: General
requirements
Structures en bois - Bois de structure à section Holzbauwerke - Nach Festigkeit sortiertes Bauholz für
rectangulaire classé pour sa résistance - Partie 1 : tragende zwecke mit rechteckigem Querschnitt - Teil 1:
Exigences générales Allgemeine Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2016 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 May
2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14081-1:2016+A1:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols . 8
5 Requirements for structural timber . 9
5.1 Mechanical resistance . 9
5.1.1 General . 9
5.1.2 Visual strength grading . 9
5.1.3 Machine strength grading . 9
5.2 Fire resistance (charring rate) .11
5.3 Reaction to fire .11
5.4 Release of dangerous substances .12
5.5 Biological durability .12
5.5.1 Structural timber without preservative treatment .12
5.5.2 Structural timber with preservative treatment .12
5.6 Geometrical data .12
6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance –AVCP .13
6.1 General .13
6.2 Type testing .13
6.2.1 General .13
6.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria .13
6.2.3 Test reports .14
6.2.4 Shared other party results .15
6.3 Factory production control (FPC) .15
6.3.1 General .15
6.3.2 Requirements .15
6.3.3 Product specific requirements .19
6.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC .20
6.3.5 Continuous surveillance of FPC .20
6.3.6 Procedure for modifications .20
7 Marking .21
7.1 Marking methods .21
7.2 Information on the timber (method A) or on the package (method B) .21
7.3 Information in the documents accompanying strength graded structural timber .22
8 Environmental issues .23
Annex A (normative) Requirements for strength reducing characteristics for visual grading
standards .24
A.1 Limitations for strength-reducing characteristics .24
A.1.1 Knots .24
A.1.2 Slope of grain .24
A.1.3 Density and rate of growth . 24
A.1.4 Fissures . 25
A.2 Limitations for geometrical characteristics . 25
A.2.1 Wane . 25
A.2.2 Warp . 25
A.3 Limitations for biological characteristics . 26
A.4 Other characteristics . 26
A.4.1 Reaction wood . 26
A.4.2 Other criteria . 26
Annex B (normative) Marking codes for species . 27
B.1 Marking codes for single species . 27
B.2 Marking codes for species combination . 28
Annex C (normative) Measurement of moisture content . 30
C.1 General . 30
C.2 Measurement of moisture content of timber during production. 30
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with Regulation (EU)
No.305/2011 . 31
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 31
ZA.2 System of Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) . 33
ZA.3 Assignment of AVCP tasks . 33
Bibliography . 36

European foreword
This document (EN 14081-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber
structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2020, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2019-05-14.
This document supersedes !EN 14081-1:2016".
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Regulation n°305/2011.
For relationship with EU Regulation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
EN 14081-4:2009 will be withdrawn and replaced by 5.1.3, paragraph 2 of this document.
Compared to EN 14081-1:2005+A1:2011, the following modifications have been made:
— new Clause 6 for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance linked to the CPR;
— Annex ZA has been adapted to the CPR;
— new clauses on Fire Resistance, release of dangerous substances, geometrical data and
environmental issues have been added;
— marking codes for species combinations have been moved to Annex B;
— improvement of several definitions.
Other parts of the series of EN 14081 are:
— EN 14081-2, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section -
Part 2: Machine grading; additional requirements for initial type testing;
— EN 14081-3, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section -
Part 3: Machine grading; additional requirements for factory production control.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
There are basically two methods of strength grading: visual grading and machine grading.
Machine grading is in common use in a number of countries. The countries use two basic systems,
referred to as 'output control' and 'machine control'. Both systems require a visual override inspection
to cater for strength-reducing characteristics that are not automatically sensed by the machine.
Output control is suitable for use where the grading machines are situated in manufacturing units
grading limited sizes, species and grades in repeated production runs. This enables the system to be
controlled by testing timber specimens from the daily output. These tests, together with statistical
procedures, are used to monitor and adjust the machine settings to maintain the required strength
properties for each strength class. With this system it is permissible for machine approval requirements
to be less demanding and for machines of the same type to have non-identical performance.
Machine control was developed in Europe. Because of the large number of sizes, species and grades
used it was not possible to carry out quality control tests on timber specimens drawn from production.
Machine control relies, therefore, on the machines being strictly assessed and controlled, and on
considerable research effort to derive the machines settings, which remain constant for all machines of
the same type.
Visual grading is also in common use in a number of countries. There are many different visual strength
grading standards for timber in use in Europe. These have come into existence to allow for:
— different species or groups of species;
— geographic origin;
— different dimensional requirements;
— varying requirements for different uses;
— quality of material available;
— historic influences or traditions.
Because of the diversity of existing visual grading standards in use in different countries, it is currently
impossible to lay down a single standard for all Member States.
The requirements given in this European Standard on visual strength grading are therefore basic
principles, which should be followed when drawing up requirements for limits for some of the
characteristics.
The assignments to strength classes are based on grading reports.
When these grading reports are evaluated and approved by CEN/TC 124/WG2/TG1, they become
Approved Grading Reports (AGR) which are required for assigning visual grades to EN 1912 and for
machine control.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for strength graded structural timber with rectangular
cross-sections either visual or machine graded, shaped by sawing, planning or other methods and with
cross-sectional dimensions complying with EN 336 (referred to as structural timber in the following
clauses).
This European Standard includes provisions for test methods, Assessment and Verification of Constancy
of Performance and marking of structural timber.
NOTE 1 For machine strength graded timber additional provisions for type testing (TT) are given in EN 14081–
2 and for factory production control (FPC) in EN 14081–3.
NOTE 2 An acceptance procedure for verification of a lot is given in EN 14358 which may be used for a delivery
of structural timber.
This European Standard identifies characteristics for which limits have to be given in visual grading
standards.
This European Standard covers structural timber, untreated or treated against biological attack.
This European Standard does not cover:
— timber treated by fire retardant products to improve its fire performance;
— thermally and/or chemically modified timber;
— structural finger jointed timber.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 338, Structural timber — Strength classes
EN 350-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products — Natural durability of solid wood — Part 1:
Guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood
EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products — Natural durability of solid wood — Part 2:
Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe
EN 384, Structural timber — Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density
EN 844-7, Round and sawn timber — Terminology — Part 7: Terms relating to anatomical structure of
timber
EN 844-9, Round and sawn timber — Terminology — Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber
EN 844-10, Round and sawn timber — Terminology — Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack
EN 1310:1997, Round and sawn timber — Method of measurement of features
EN 1912, Structural Timber — Strength classes — Assignment of visual grades and species
EN 1995-1-2, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures — Part 1-2: General — Structural fire design
EN 13183-2, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber — Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance
method
EN 13183-3, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber — Part 3: Estimation by capacitance method
EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Conditioning procedures and general rules for
selection of substrates
EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification
using test data from reaction to fire tests
EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 2: Classification
using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services
EN 13556, Round and sawn timber — Nomenclature of timbers used in Europe
EN 13823, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Building products excluding floorings exposed to
the thermal attack by a single burning item
EN 14081-2, Timber structures — Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section —
Part 2: Machine grading; additional requirements for initial type testing
EN 14081-3, Timber structures — Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section —
Part 3: Machine grading; additional requirements for factory production control
EN 15804, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules for
the product category of construction products
EN 15228:2009, Structural timber — Structural timber preservative treated against biological attack
EN 16485, Round and sawn timber — Environmental Product Declarations — Product category rules for
wood and wood-based products for use in construction
EN ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1:
Country codes (ISO 3166-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dry-graded structural timber
timber for which grading has been completed after it has been dried
3.2
grading standard
a set of grading rules contained in a National Standard or a proprietary document that is publically
available
3.3
machine strength grading
process by which structural timber is sorted by a machine sensing, non-destructively, one or more
properties of the timber, with any necessary visual overriding inspection, into grades or strength
classes to which characteristic values of strength, stiffness and density may be allocated
3.4
package
structural timber of one grade, of one species or species combination, to be delivered to one customer
3.5
settings
values associated with the variable controls of a grading machine which determine the acceptance to
each grade or strength class of structural timber graded by the machine
3.6
strength class
result of the classification of structural timber based on particular values of its mechanical properties
and density
3.7
structural timber
timber with rectangular cross section strength graded either by visual means or by machine
3.8
strength-reducing characteristic
property or feature of a piece of structural timber that reduces its load bearing capacity
Note 1 to entry: Can result from natural growth of the tree (e.g. knots, slope of grain), changes in moisture
content (e.g. fissures), conversion of the log (e.g. the inclusion of wane), attack from fungi, insects or mechanical
damage.
3.9
timber source
identifiable geographical origin of a species or species combination from which timber is, or is intended
to be, strength graded
3.10
visual strength grading
process by which structural timber is sorted, by visual inspection and assessment, into grades to which
characteristic values of strength, stiffness and density can be allocated
Note 1 to entry: Electronic or mechanical instruments can be used to assist the visual grader in this process.
3.11
thickness
smaller dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a piece of timber
3.12
width
greater dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a piece of timber
4 Symbols
M machine graded structural timber
DG dry-graded structural timber
PT preservative treated structural timber
5 Requirements for structural timber
5.1 Mechanical resistance
5.1.1 General
Mechanical resistance covers modulus of elasticity, bending strength, compressive strength, tension
strength, shear strength and density.
Structural timber shall be either visually graded according to 5.1.2, or machine graded according to
5.1.3, and have characteristic values for the bending strength, tension strength, compression strength,
shear strength, modulus of elasticity and density according to 5.1.2 or 5.1.3. Characteristic values shall
be determined in accordance with EN 384.
If the structural timber is assigned to a strength class from EN 338, the characteristic values for the
properties shall be those given for the strength class in EN 338.
If the grading has been carried out before processing, provided that the processing reduction is not
greater than 5 mm for dimensions greater than or equal to 22 mm but less than or equal to 100 mm, or
not greater than 10 mm for dimensions greater than 100 mm, the grade shall be considered not to have
changed. If the reduction is greater, the structural timber shall be re-graded.
Structural timber that has previously been graded shall not be re-graded to the same or different grades
unless the method of determining characteristic values has made allowances for changes to the timber
population caused by the previous grading.
Since some geometrical characteristics (fissures, distortion) depend on the moisture content and affect
the strength properties, marking shall consider the moisture content at the time of grading.
Moisture content shall be determined in accordance with EN 13183-2 or EN 13183-3 with an accuracy
of ± 3 % moisture content (see Annex C).
Dry graded structural timber shall have at the time it is graded for fissures and distortion, a mean
moisture content of 20 % or less with no individual measurement exceeding 24 %.
If the grading method restricts the structural timber to a special use, e.g. flatwise bending or
compression, this shall be reflected in the marking.
5.1.2 Visual strength grading
Structural timber shall be graded visually in accordance with a grading standard which meets the
requirements given in Annex A. This grading standard shall be publically available.
If the grade and species or species combination have been assigned to a strength class by EN 1912, the
characteristic values for the properties shall be those given for the assigned strength class in EN 338.
Assignments according to EN 384 to be included in EN 1912 should be reported and evaluated by
CEN/TC 124. Accepted reports shall be documented in Approved Grading Reports (AGR).
NOTE Approved Grading Reports are intended to give basic documentation for the certification by a Notified
Body of a manufacturer's factory production control (FPC) needed for the CE marking. A current list of AGRs may
be obtained through CEN/TC 124 secretariat.
If there are any restrictions or additional criteria related to the strength or use of structural timber,
resulting from the method of grading or species or species combination, they shall be stated in the
grading standard.
5.1.3 Machine strength grading
For a grade and species (or species combination) graded by a machine control system, the settings shall
be derived for the total growth area from which the structural timber will be sourced.
Grading machines shall use settings determined in accordance with EN 14081-2. Grading machines and
settings used in machine control system should be evaluated by CEN/TC 124. Settings which have been
accepted by CEN/TC 124 shall be documented in Approved Grading Reports (AGR).
NOTE Approved Grading Reports are intended to give basic documentation for the certification by a Notified
Body of a manufacturer's factory production control (FPC) needed for the CE marking. A current list of AGRs may
be obtained through CEN/TC 124 secretariat.
The visual characteristics of each piece of machine graded structural timber shall meet the
requirements given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Visual override inspection requirements for machine strength graded structural
timber
Strength class according to C18, D18, T11 and below Above C18, D18, T11
a
EN 338
f
Max. length Fissures not
Fissures less than half the thickness may be ignored
b
going through
of fissures
Not greater than 1,5 m or 1/2 the length Not greater than 1 m or 1/4 the
the thickness
of the piece, whichever is the lesser length of the piece, whichever is
the lesser
Fissures going Not greater than 1 m or 1/4 the length of Only permitted at the ends with
through the the piece, whichever is the lesser. If at a length not greater than the
thickness the ends, a length not greater than two width of the piece
times the width of the piece
c
Bow 20 mm 10 mm
Max. warp
in mm over
Spring 12 mm 8 mm
2 m of length
Twist 2 mm/25 mm width 2 mm/25 mm width
Cup Unrestricted Unrestricted
Wane Wane shall not be greater than one third of the full edge and/or face
dimensions of the piece
d
Soft rot shall not be permitted Soft rot shall not be permitted
Soft rot and dote (see
EN 844–10)
Dote is permitted Dote shall not be permitted
Insect damage Active infestation shall not be permitted. Insect holes above 2 mm diameter
shall not be permitted. Smaller holes shall be assessed as other defects
e
Where the reduction in strength caused by another defect is obviously less
Other defects
than caused by defects permitted by this table, the piece may be accepted
provided the defect is of a type that will not increase after conversion and
drying
a
For alternative strength classes, visual overrides are checked with corresponding strength value limits
b
The length of fissures is linked with moisture content and therefore the limits given apply only at the time of grading.
Permitted limits for both the depth and length of fissures refer to the sum of fissures in one plane in a piece of timber.
c
Warp is influenced by moisture content, so the limits apply only at the time of grading. Longitudinal curvature in
square section pieces may be assessed using the limits for bow.
d
Stain is not a structural defect and is acceptable without limitation.
e
Other defects include for example mechanical damage, top rupture, and included bark.
f
A 0,2 mm feeler gauge is a suitable device for measuring fissure depth.
Where a machine does not grade completely to the ends of each piece of structural timber (as in
bending type machines) the ungraded portions shall be visually inspected and assessed.
If the diameter of knots and slope of grain in the incompletely graded portions exceeds the limits given
in Table 2, then the piece of structural timber shall be rejected. Knots and slope of grain shall be
measured in accordance with EN 1310:1997, 4.1.2.
Table 2 — Visual override inspection requirements for incompletely machine graded portions
a
Strength class according to EN 338
C18, D18, T11 and below Above C18, D18, T11
Knot diameter on face up to 1/2 x width of piece up to 1/4 x width of piece
Knot diameter on edge up to 3/4 x thickness of piece up to 1/2 x thickness of piece
Slope of grain 1 in 6 1 in 10
NOTE 1 These limits are applicable only where the size of knots and slope of grain in the non-fully graded portion
exceeds the size of similar characteristics in the fully graded portion of the same piece.
NOTE 2 The knot diameter is measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the piece of timber. For arris knots
the above limits apply to the portion of the knot visible on the particular face or edge being considered.
a
For alternative strength classes, visual overrides are checked with corresponding strength value limits.
5.2 Fire resistance (charring rate)
Where required, the fire resistance performance of the structural timber whether treated against
biological attack or not, shall be tested and declared according to EN 13501-2 or determined by
calculation according to EN 1995-1-2. When calculating the fire resistance, the charring rate shall be
evaluated on the basis of the species and characteristic density.
5.3 Reaction to fire
The class of reaction to fire performance of the structural timber (including the additional classification
on smoke production and flaming droplets/particles, if any), shall be determined and declared
according to EN 13501-1:
a) either without the need for further testing (CWFT), as given in Table 3 , if the structural timber is
proved to meet the requirements of the class also given therein;
b) or based on testing of the timber according to the standards, referred to in EN 13501-1, when the
timber does not meet the requirements of Table 3 or where a higher classification than the one in a)
is sought.
Table 3 — Structural timber considered as classified without the need for further testing (CWFT)
b
Product Product detail Minimum Minimum
Class
a
mean overall
(excluding
c
thickness
density  floorings)
(mm)
(kg/m )
Structural Visual and machine graded structural timber 350 22 D-s2, d0
timber with rectangular cross-sections shaped by
sawing, planing or other methods or with
round cross-sections
a
Applies to all species covered by the product standards.
b
Class as provided for in Table 1 of the Annex to Decision 2000/147/EC.
c
Conditioned according to EN 13238.

This table is the same as given in the Decision of the Commission 2003/43/EC of 2003-01-17 (see OJEU L13 of 2003-01-18), as amended
firstly by 2003/593/EC of 2003-08-07 (see OJEU L201 of 2003-08-08).
NOTE The minimum mean density is the minimum value of the mean density for which the table applies. This
density may be taken from tables as in EN 338.
When tested according to EN 13823 under option b), the structural timber shall be mounted and fixed
in accordance with the following:
a) the whole area of both wings in the SBI apparatus shall be covered with timber pieces mounted
edge to edge (butt jointed), without jointing or bonding and orientated horizontally or vertically,
supported by;
b) timber battens, minimum (40 × 40) mm, fixed to the test backing boards at 400 mm to 600 mm
centres horizontally or vertically (perpendicular to the orientation of the timber pieces).
In the case of preservative treated timber, it may be necessary to take into account additional
provisions set by EN 15228.
5.4 Release of dangerous substances
National Regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release
/content of dangerous substances when construction products covered by this standard are placed on
those markets.
NOTE 1 This only concerns treated timber.
In the absence of European harmonized test methods, verification and declaration on release/content
on dangerous substances should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use.
NOTE 2 An informative database covering European and national provisions on dangerous substances is
available at the Construction website on EUROPA accessed through:
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/cpd-ds
5.5 Biological durability
5.5.1 Structural timber without preservative treatment
The natural durability in accordance with EN 350-2 shall be declared with specific reference being
made to sapwood if the producer makes no special provision for its exclusion.
For species and origins not listed in EN 350-2, the natural durability shall be assessed according to
EN 350-1.
5.5.2 Structural timber with preservative treatment
If a preservative treatment is used, information in accordance with EN 15228 shall be declared.
NOTE 1 It is acceptable to use a safe relationship which has been established between the penetration and/or
retention requirements and measurable features of the treatment process used as described in EN 351–1.
NOTE 2 Guidance on the relationship between treatment variables and the application of the product into
particular Use Class (EN 335) may be found in national documents, which cross reference the appropriate
European Standard
5.6 Geometrical data
The target sizes, in accordance with EN 336, are specified in the accompanying commercial documents.
Deviations from the target sizes shall not exceed the limits of the appropriate tolerance class declared.
6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance –AVCP
6.1 General
The compliance of strength graded timber with the requirements of this standard and with the
performances (including strength grades or strength classes) declared by the manufacturer shall be
demonstrated by:
— determination of the product-type on the basis of type testing;
— factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment if applicable.
The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take
responsibility for the conformity of the product with its declared performance(s).
6.2 Type testing
6.2.1 General
All performances related to essential characteristics included in this standard (see characteristics
written in bold letters in Table 4) shall be determined when the manufacturer intends to declare the
respective performances unless the standard gives provisions for declaring them without performing
tests (e.g. use of previously existing data, Classification Without Further Testing (CWFT) and
conventionally accepted performance).
For machine strength graded timber, product-type determination shall be carried out in accordance
with EN 14081-2.
Assessment previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard, may be taken into
account provided that this was made to the same or a more rigorous test method, under the same AVCP
system on the same product type, such that the results are applicable to the product type in question.
For the purposes of assessment, the manufacturer's products may be grouped into families, where it is
considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the family are
representative for that same characteristics for all products within that same family.
NOTE Products may be grouped in different families for different essential characteristics.
Reference to the assessment method standards (e.g. EN 384 in general, and EN 14081–2 for machine
graded timber) should be made to allow the selection of a suitable representative sample.
In addition, the determination of the product-type shall be carried out for all essential characteristics
included in the standard for which the manufacturer declares the performance:
— at the beginning of the production of a new or modified strength graded timber (unless a member
of the same product range), or
— at the beginning of a new or modified method of production (where this may affect the stated
properties); or
— they shall be repeated for the appropriate essential characteristic(s), whenever a change occurs in,
the raw material, or in the method of production (subject to the definition of a family), which would
affect significantly one or more of the essential characteristics.
6.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria
The number of samples of strength graded timber to be tested/ assessed shall be in accordance with
Table 4.
Table 4 — Number of samples to be tested and compliance criteria for strength graded
structural timber with rectangular cross section
Characteristics Requirement Assessment method No. of samples Compliance criteria
Mechanical resistance of strength graded timber expressed as modulus of elasticity, bending strength,
compressive strength, tensile strength and shear strength
Strength, stiffness Visual grading: EN 384 (test) According to EN 384 Characteristic values
and density 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 determined according
properties of to EN 384 shall not be
timber less than declared
values.
Machine EN 14081–2 and According to Characteristic values
grading: EN 384 (test) EN 14081–2 shall be determined in
accordance with
5.1.1 and 5.1.3
EN 14081–2.
Fire resistance (charring rate)
Fire resistance 5.2 Test according to According to EN 13501–2
(charring rate) EN 13501–2, or EN 13501–2
According to EN 384
Determine, According to EN 384
characteristic density,
and species
Reaction to fire
Reaction to fire 5.3 Table 3 (CWFT) – Table 3
or 5.3b)(test) according to Classes according to
EN 13501–1 EN 13501–1
Durability of all characteristics expressed as durability against biological attack
Without 5.5.1 For species listed in – Natural durability in
preservative EN 350–2 accordance with
treatment (assessment) EN 350–2
For species and origins
not listed in EN 350–2,
assessed according to
EN 350–1
With 5.5.2 According to EN 15228 According to According to EN 15228
preservative (test) EN 15228
treatment
Release of dangerous substances
Release of 5.4 As relevant, according to 5.4
dangerous
substances
6.2.3 Test reports
All test reports and Approved Grading Reports (where applicable) shall be documented and retained by
the manufacturer for at least 10 years after the last date of production of the strength graded timber to
which they relate.
6.2.4 Shared other party results
A manufacturer may use the results of the product-type determination obtained by someone else (e.g.
by another manufacturer, as a common service to manufacturers, or by a product developer), to justify
his own declaration of performance regarding a product that is manufactured with raw materials, and
manufacturing methods of the same kind, provided that:
— the results are known to be valid for products with the same essential characteristics relevant for
the product performance;
— in addition to any information essential for confirming that the product has such same
performances related to specific essential characteristics, the other party who has carried out the
determination of the product-type concerned or has had it carried out, has expressly accepted to
transmit to the manufacturer the results and the test report to be used for the latter’s product-type
determination, as well as information regarding production facilities and the production control
process that can be taken into account for FPC;
— the manufacturer using other party results:
— ensures that the product has the same characteristics relevant for performance as the one that
has been subjected to the determination of the product-type, and that there are no significant
differences with regard to production facilities and the production control process compared
to that used for the product that was subjected to the determination of the product-type; and
— keeps available a copy of the determination of the product-type report that also contains the
information needed for verifying that the product is manufactured with raw materials and
manufacturing methods of the same kind.
6.3 Factory production control (FPC)
6.3.1 General
The manufacturer shall establish, document and maintain an FPC system to ensure that the products
placed
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