SIST EN ISO 10704:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
01-oktober-2015
Kakovost vode - Merjenje skupne alfa in skupne beta aktivnosti v neslanih vodah -
Metoda depozicije v tankem sloju (ISO 10704:2009)
Water quality - Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta activity in non-saline water -
Thin source deposit method (ISO 10704:2009)
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Gesamt-Alpha- und der Gesamt-Beta-Aktivität
in nicht-salzhaltigem Wasser - Dünnschichtverfahren (ISO 10704:2009)
Qualité de l'eau - Mesurage des activités alpha globale et bêta globale des eaux non
salines - Méthode par dépôt d'une source fine (ISO 10704:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10704:2015
ICS:
13.060.60 Preiskava fizikalnih lastnosti Examination of physical
vode properties of water
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
SIST EN ISO 10704:2015 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10704

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2015
ICS 13.060.60; 13.280
English Version
Water quality - Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta
activity in non-saline water - Thin source deposit method (ISO
10704:2009)
Qualité de l'eau - Mesurage des activités alpha globale et Wasserbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Gesamt-Alpha-
bêta globale des eaux non salines - Méthode par dépôt und der Gesamt-Beta-Aktivität in nicht-salzhaltigem Wasser
d'une source fine (ISO 10704:2009) - Dünnschichtverfahren (ISO 10704:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 July 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10704:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
EN ISO 10704:2015 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword .3
2

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
EN ISO 10704:2015 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 10704:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 10704:2015 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10704:2009 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10704:2015 without any modification.


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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10704
First edition
2009-11-15

Water quality — Measurement of gross
alpha and gross beta activity in non-
saline water — Thin source deposit
method
Qualité de l'eau — Mesurage des activités alpha globale et bêta globale
des eaux non salines — Méthode par dépôt d'une source fine




Reference number
ISO 10704:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
ISO 10704:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
ISO 10704:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Symbols, definitions and units .2
4 Principle.3
5 Chemical reagents and equipment.3
6 Sampling.4
7 Procedure.5
8 Expression of results.8
9 Interference control.12
10 Test report.12
Bibliography.13

© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
ISO 10704:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10704 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality.

iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10704:2009(E)

Water quality — Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta
activity in non-saline water — Thin source deposit method
WARNING — Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this International Standard
be carried out by suitably trained staff.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity in
non-saline waters for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides.
The method is applicable to raw and potable waters containing a small quantity of dissolved matter. It can,
after adaptation, apply to other kind of waters.
The range of application depends upon the amount of dissolved material in the water and on the performance
characteristics of the measurement equipment (background count rate and counting efficiency).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 5667-1, Water quality — Sampling — Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and
sampling techniques
ISO 5667-3, Water quality — Sampling — Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water
samples
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 80000-10, Quantities and units — Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
ISO 10704:2009(E)
3 Symbols, definitions and units
For the purposes of this document, the symbols, definitions, and abbreviations given in ISO 80000-10, and the
following, apply.
A activity of the calibration source Bq
A activity spiked in sample a, prepared for self-absorption estimation purposes Bq
a
−1
c activity concentration Bq l
A
*
−1
c decision threshold Bq l
A
#
−1
c detection limit Bq l
A

−1
cc, lower and upper limits of the confidence interval Bq l
AA
f , f self-absorption factor of sample a for α and β, respectively —
aα aβ
m mass of the deposit mg
d
m mass of the planchet mg
p
m mass of the planchet and the deposit mg
pd
m mass of the planchet and the filter mg
pf
m mass of the planchet, the filter and the deposit mg
pfd
−1
r , r background count rate from the α and β windows, respectively s
0α 0β
−1
r , r self-absorption sample a count rate from the α and β windows, respectively s
aα aβ
−1
r , r sample gross count rate from the α and β windows, respectively s
gα gβ
−1
r , r calibration count rate from the α and β windows, respectively s
sα sβ
t background counting time s
0
t sample counting time s
g
t calibration counting time s
s
−1
U expanded uncertainty calculated by U = k ⋅ u(c ) with k = 1, 2,… Bq l
A
−1
u(c ) standard uncertainty associated with the measurement result Bq l
A
V volume of test sample l
ε , ε counting efficiency for α and β, respectively —
α β
ε , ε counting efficiency of sample a for α and β, respectively —
aα aβ
χ alpha-beta crosstalk —
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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
ISO 10704:2009(E)
4 Principle
IMPORTANT — Gross alpha and gross beta determinations are not absolute determinations of the
sample alpha and beta radioactive contents, but relative determinations referred to specific alpha and
beta emitters that constitute the standard calibration sources.
In order to obtain a thin deposit directly on a planchet, the sample can be progressively evaporated to dryness
at a temperature below about 85 °C. Alternatively, for alpha determination, it can be concentrated via a
coprecipitation, the filtered coprecipitate being measured on to the planchet (Reference [3]). The gross alpha
and gross beta activity of the deposit is measured by counting in an alpha- and beta-particle detector or
counting system previously calibrated against alpha- and beta-emitting standards.
When suspended matter is present in a significant quantity, a filtration step is required and the gross alpha
and gross beta activity can also be determined for the material retained on the filter.
IMPORTANT — Due to the ingrowth of radon daughters over time, the results are dependent on the
time elapsed between sample preparation and measurement. For comparison purposes, it is
recommended that the measurement be performed at the same time after the preparation of the
sample.
5 Chemical reagents and equipment
5.1 Reagents
All reagents shall be of recognised analytical grade and shall not contain any detectable alpha and beta
activity, except for radioactive standards solutions.
5.1.1 Standard solutions
5.1.1.1 Alpha standard
The choice of alpha standard depends on the knowledge of the type of radioactive contaminant likely to be
present in the waters being tested. In general, this leads to a choice between naturally occurring and
man-made alpha emitters.
241
Commonly used standards of artificial alpha-emitting radionuclides employed for this purpose are Am
239 239 241
solutions and Pu solutions. When Pu is used, the presence of Pu as an impurity shall be taken into
241 241
account as it leads to growth of Am in prepared standard solutions of sources. When Am is used, take
into account the potential interferences of its gamma emission.
NOTE An uranium compound of certified natural or known isotopic composition has one arguable advantage, in that
its specific activity can be calculated from established physical constants and isotopic abundance date which are
independent of the calibration procedures of a particular organisation. However, an uranium compound of known isotopic
composition is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, since the energies of the alpha emissions from uranium isotopes are less
than those from the artificial transuranic nuclides, the use of a uranium standard tends to give a high result for transuranic
elements.
5.1.1.2 Beta standard
The choice of beta standard depends on knowledge of the type of radioactive contaminant likely to be present
in the waters being tested.
40
As a natural material, K as potassium chloride, dried to constant mass at 105 °C, can be used. Standard
90 90
solutions of artificial beta-emitting radionuclides Sr Y are commonly used.
5.1.2 Wetting or surfactant agents
5.1.2.1 Vinyl acetate
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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
ISO 10704:2009(E)
5.1.3 Volatile organic solvents
5.1.3.1 Ethyl alcohol
5.1.4 Water, complying with the requirements of ISO 3696, grade 3.
5.1.5 Specific reagents for alpha-emitting radionuclides co-precipitation
5.1.5.1 Ammonium hydroxide solution, c(NH OH) = 6 mol/l.
4
5.1.5.2 Nitric acid, concentrated, c(HNO ) = 15,8 mol/l.
3
5.1.5.3 Sulfuric acid solution, c(H SO ) = 1 mol/l.
2 4
5.1.5.4 Iron carrier, solution of 5 mg of iron per millilitre.
5.1.5.5 Barium carrier, solution of 5 mg of barium per millilitre.
5.2 Equipment
5.2.1 Laboratory equipment for direct evaporation
Usual laboratory apparatus to store and prepare the sample as specified in ISO 5667-3.
A hot plate, an automatic evaporator or any other appropriate apparatus.
5.2.2 Special equipment for alpha-emitting radionuclide co-precipitation
5.2.2.1 Hot plate with stirring equipment
5.2.2.2 Infrared lamp
5.2.2.3 Vacuum filtration system
5.2.2.4 Filters, of pore size 0,45 µm.
5.2.3 Planchet (counting trays)
The planchet shall be lipped and of stainless steel. The diameter of the planchet is determined taking account
of the detector diameter and source holder dimensions of the counter used. In the specific case of
co-precipitation, an annular support is used to fix the filter on to a filter holder or on to the planchet.
NOTE As the source, test portion and standard, is spread directly on to the planchet for evaporation, it is easier to
produce an even deposit on a roughened metal surface; sand blasting or chemical etching can be applied for this purpose,
alternatively, a rippled planchet can be employed.
5.2.4 Measurement equipment: alpha-beta counter
Gross alpha and gross beta activity can be measured using either a silicon surface barrier (SSB) detector or a
−2
proportional counter (windowless). Ion-implanted Si detectors and thin (u 100 µg cm ) window-proportional
counters may also be used. Gross alpha and gross beta activity can also be counted using a silver-activated
zinc sulfide scintillation screen and plastic scintillation detector, respectively.
6 Sampling
Sample, handle, and store water samples in accordance with ISO 5667-1 and ISO 5667-3.
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SIST EN ISO 10704:2015
ISO 10704:2009(E)
The laboratory sample is not usually acidified as the test portion is directly evaporated on the planchet.
Acidification minimises the loss of radioactive material from solution by adsorption on the wall of the vial, but i
...