SIST EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1:2008

Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Fixed Radio Systems;
Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 3: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
for Multipoint Radio Antennas
2 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)

Reference
REN/ATTM-04002
Keywords
access, antenna, DFRS, DRRS, FWA, multipoint,
radio, system
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
0 Introduction .6
0.1 General.6
0.2 Relationship with the R&TTE essentials requirements.6
1 Scope.8
1.1 General.8
1.2 Frequency ranges.9
1.3 Profiles.9
1.3.1 General.9
1.3.2 Equipment profiles.9
1.3.3 Antenna profiles.10
1.3.4 System profiles.10
2 References.11
2.1 Normative references.11
2.2 Informative references.11
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .12
3.1 Definitions.12
3.2 Symbols.16
3.3 Abbreviations.16
4 Technical requirements specifications .16
4.1 Classification of antennas.16
4.2 Phenomena description.17
4.2.1 General.17
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE).17
4.2.3 Antenna Gain.18
4.3 Environmental specifications and test .19
4.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) requirements .19
4.4.1 Directional antennas (DN): co-polar and cross-polar RPEs.19
4.4.1.1 Classes defined in the present document.19
4.4.1.2 Directional antennas conforming to EN 302 217-4-1 and EN 302 217-4-2.22
4.4.2 Sectored single beam antennas (SS) .22
4.4.2.1 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar .22
4.4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation .25
4.4.2.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .25
4.4.2.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .26
4.4.3 Sectored multi-beam antennas (MS).26
4.4.3.1 General.26
4.4.3.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar .27
4.4.3.3 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation: co-polar and cross-polar.29
4.4.4 Omnidirectional antennas (OD and ODT).29
4.4.4.1 General.29
4.4.4.2 CS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation.29
4.4.4.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .29
4.4.4.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .30
4.4.4.3 TS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) .30
4.5 Antenna gain requirements.31
4.5.1 General.31
4.5.2 Directional antennas.31
4.5.3 Sectored single beam antennas .32
4.5.4 Sectored multi-beam antennas .32
4.5.5 Omnidirectional antennas.32
4.5.5.1 CS OmniDirectional (OD) .32
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4 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
4.5.5.2 TS omnidirectional (ODT).33
5 Testing for conformance with technical requirements .33
5.1 Void.33
5.2 Wide radio-frequency band covering antennas specification and test.33
5.3 Environmental conditions for Testing .33
5.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) .33
5.5 Antenna gain.33
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table
(HS-RTT).34
Annex B (informative): Antenna profiles.36
B.1 General.36
B.2 Directional antennas.36
B.3 Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas.37
Annex C (informative): The EN title in the official languages .38
Annex D (informative): Bibliography.39
History .40

ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive" [1]).
Technical specifications relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC [1] are given in annex A.
This multi-part deliverable covers characteristics and requirements for fixed multipoint radio equipment and antennas,
using a variety of access and duplex methods and operating at a variety of bit rates in frequency bands as specified in
the present document.
The present document is part 3 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and
Antennas, as identified below:
Part 1: "Overview and Requirements for Digital Multipoint Radio Systems";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for Digital
Multipoint Radio Equipment";
Part 3: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for
Multipoint Radio Antennas".
EN 302 326-2 [6] and the present document are Harmonized ENs and essential requirements are those requirements
which are essential under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive [1].
In the above, "equipment" includes equipment with integral antennas, and "antennas" include requirements for antennas
whether they are integral or non-integral.
Besides its previous versions, the present document with EN 302 326-2 [6] replaces and supersedes the harmonized
EN 301 753 [9] for all Multipoint equipment and antennas under its scope.

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 25 January 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2009

0 Introduction
0.1 General
For the general background, rationale and structure of the present document see also the clause "Introduction" in
EN 302 326-1 [5].
With respect to previous version of the present document, provisions for TS omnidirectional antennas for indoor NWA
applications are given.
0.2 Relationship with the R&TTE essentials requirements
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive [1]. The modular
structure is described in EG 201 399 [7] and shown in figure 1.
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7 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)

Disabilit y *
3.3f
Emergency *
3.3e
Fraud*
3.3d
3.3c
Privacy *
No harm to the network*
3.3b
* If needed
Scoped by
-
Interwo rking via the network*
equipment
3.3a
class or type
-
Interwor king with the network
Use of spectr um
3.2
New radio harmonized standards
Spectrum
Scoped by frequency and/or equipment type

Radio Product EMC
EN 301 489 multi part EMC standard
3.1b
EMC
Generic and product standards also notified under EMC Directive
Standards covering Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
relating to individual products
New standards for acoustic safety
3.1a
Safety
Standards also notified under LV Directive
Non radio Radio (RE)
TTE Non TTE
Legend:
Scope of this EN: Any Multipoint DFRS
antennas in all frequency bands

Figure 1: Modular structure for the various standards used under the R&TTE Directive [1]
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
1 Scope
1.1 General
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of the R&TTE Directive [1] regarding article 3.2, which states
that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio
communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
The present document is applicable to the essential requirements of antennas (including those in equipment with
integral antennas) used in Multipoint (MP) Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS) (see note 1) intended for use in the
frequency bands identified in EN 302 326-1 [5].
NOTE 1: Applications intended for offering in the bands 3,4 GHz to 3,8 GHz the option of Nomadic Wireless
Access (NWA), according to the NWA definition in ITU-R Recommendation F.1399 [13], are also
considered in the scope of the present document.
Besides its previous versions, the present document together with EN 302 326-2 [6], replaces and supersedes, after a
suitable transition period, the harmonized EN 301 753 [9] for all multipoint equipment and antennas under its scope.
The present document and EN 302 326-2 [6] introduce rationalization among systems conforming to previous
EN 301 753 [9] referencing a number of ENs which, being developed at different times, may have specified slightly
different antenna parameters. Nevertheless, care has been taken so that such variations will not affect any frequency
planning assumption for already deployed networks. Therefore, unless specifically mentioned, these new requirements,
whenever different from those single ENs, are considered completely "equivalent". Therefore mixed use of antennas
conforming to the present document and to those previous ones will not change, in practice, any frequency planning
rule in any network.
Therefore, from a strictly technical point of view, in most cases it is expected that equipment already conforming to the
previous versions of Harmonized EN 301 753 [9], would not need re-assessment of essential requirements according to
the present document. The legal implications of the declaration of conformity and equipment labelling are, however,
outside the scope of this whole multi-part deliverable. Cases, where additional conformance assessment is required, will
be specifically mentioned in EN 302 326-2 [6] and in the present document.
A formal change in the requirements, with respect to EN 301 753 [9], is that the antenna manufacturer shall declare the
nominal gain and tolerance of the antenna against which the conformity assessment is done.
In addition to the present document, other ENs specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under
other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1] and which will apply to antennas within the scope of the present
document.
NOTE 2: A list of such ENs is included on the web site: http://www.newapproach.org.
In order to (technically) cover different market and network requirements, with an appropriate balance of performance
to cost and effective and appropriate use of the radio spectrum, the present document, together with EN 302 326-2 [6],
offers a number of system types and antennas alternatives, for selection by administrations, operators and manufacturers
dependent on the desired use of the radio spectrum and network/market requirements; those options include:
• channel separation alternatives (as provided by the relevant CEPT Recommendation);
• spectral efficiency class alternatives (different modulation formats provided in radio equipment standards);
• antenna sectorization alternatives and directivity classes for CS;
• antenna directivity class alternatives for TS and/or RS, as well as omnidirectional alternative for TS intended
for Nomadic Wireless Access (NWA);
• antenna basic polarization (linear or circular).
For Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS), antennas are considered "relevant components" of "radio equipment"
according the definition in article 2(c) of the R&TTE Directive [1].
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
More information and background on the R&TTE Directive [1] possible applicability and requirements for stand alone
DFRS antennas is found in EG 201 399 [7] and in TR 101 506 [12].
Technical specifications relevant to the R&TTE Directive [1] are summarized in annex A.
1.2 Frequency ranges
The present document is applicable to antennas (whether integral or non-integral) used in multipoint radio systems
operating in bands allocated to Fixed Service and assigned by national regulations to MP applications within the
following frequency ranges:
• 1 GHz to 3 GHz;
• 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz;
• 5,9 GHz to 8,5 GHz;
• 8,5 GHz to 11 GHz;
• 24,25 GHz to 30 GHz;
• 30 GHz to 40,5 GHz.
NOTE 1: Attention is drawn to the fact that the specific operating bands are subject of CEPT or national licensing
rules. Currently applicable Fixed Service bands and channel plans are described in EN 302 326-1 [5],
although the applicability of these Fixed Service bands is at the discretion of the national administrations.
Therefore, the present document applies only to those bands which are allocated to the Fixed Service
and/or assigned by national regulations to MP applications on the date on which the EN was published.
NOTE 2: Antenna characteristics are not specified at frequencies below 1 GHz and therefore the present document
and Harmonized EN 302 326-2 [6] can not be used for Declaration of conformity, according article 3.2 of
the R&TTE Directive [1] for non integral antennas or for equipment with integral antennas below this
limit. In this case, additional test suites for relevant antenna directional phenomena shall be produced in
accordance with a Notified Body.
NOTE 3: MWS antenna systems in the band 40,5 GHz to 43,5 GHz are not within the scope of the present
document. For these systems see EN 301 997-2 [10].
1.3 Profiles
1.3.1 General
This whole multi-part deliverable allows many distinct types of equipment, several different antenna types and several
ways in which they might be interconnected to form a network. However, the applicability is limited to certain
combinations of attributes and these combinations of attributes are called "profiles". The following clauses address:
• Equipment profiles.
• Antenna profiles.
• System profiles.
1.3.2 Equipment profiles
This whole multi-part deliverable allows alternative consistent sets of recommendations and requirements, each for
identified equipment profiles, which are defined in terms of their Equipment Classification (EqC), which classify
equipments in terms of key characteristics. The profiles (or indeed any specific equipment) within the scope of this
whole multi-part deliverable may be classified as discussed in normative annex A of EN 302 326-1 [5]. Clause 6.1 of
EN 302 326-1 [5] defines the permitted equipment profiles in terms of the various fields of EqC.
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10 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
1.3.3 Antenna profiles
According to their characteristics, multipoint systems use different types of antennas. Table 1 outlines the multipoint
antenna types described in the present document.
Table 1: Antenna Types
Frequency Range Types Polarization Notes
1 GHz to 3 GHz Directional Linear The sectored and omnidirectional antennas
Sectored single beam may have a symmetric or asymmetric radiation
Omnidirectional pattern in the elevation plane.
3 GHz to 11 GHz Directional Linear The sectored single and omnidirectional
Sectored single beam antennas may have a symmetric or
Sectored multi-beam asymmetric radiation pattern in the elevation
(up to 5,9 GHz only) plane. The sectored multi-beam antennas
Omnidirectional have a symmetric radiation pattern only.
1 GHz to 11 GHz Directional Circular The sectored and omnidirectional antennas
Sectored single beam may have a symmetric or asymmetric radiation
Omnidirectional pattern in the elevation plane.
24,25 GHz to 30 GHz Directional Linear
Sectored single beam
30 GHz to 40,5 GHz Directional Linear The omnidirectional antennas may have a
Sectored single beam symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in
Omnidirectional the elevation plane.

The present document is applicable to multipoint radio system antennas of both linear (single or dual) polarization and
circular (single or dual) polarization. Linear polarization antennas may support either or both of two mutually
perpendicular planes of polarization. These planes are frequently, though not always, horizontal and vertical. Circular
polarization antennas may support either right hand or left hand polarization or, for dual polarization, both.
The RPE directional characteristics and polarization characteristics (co-polar and cross-polar and for either linear or
circular polarized antennas) impact on the interference to be considered in network planning. A number of antenna
options are defined in the present document to allow a trade-off between highly demanding RPE directivity and the
cost/size/weight of the antennas. The antenna choice should take into account present and future networks requirements
and constraints.
Annex B discusses Antenna Profiles for multipoint systems.
1.3.4 System profiles
This multi-part deliverable applies only to Multipoint systems using the following antenna type to station type
combinations according to whether the network topology is P-MP or MP-MP (Mesh). Table 2 indicates which system
profiles are within the scope of this multi-part deliverable.
Table 2: System Profiles within the scope of this multi-part deliverable:
Antenna types - Station types combinations
Antenna types
Network Station types Omnidirectional Sectored Directional
topology
P-MP Central Station (CS) Yes Yes No
(See note 1) (See note 1)
Repeater Station (RS)
Facing CS No No Yes
Facing TS or further RS Yes Yes Yes
Terminal Station (TS) Yes (note 2) No Yes
MP-MP Repeater Station (RS) No No Yes
NOTE 1: Sectored antennas with beamwidth < 15° shall conform to the specification otherwise applicable to a directional
antenna.
NOTE 2: Omnidirectional TS antennas are limited to typically indoor deployment (e.g. desk antennas) for NWA
applications in 3,4 GHz to 3,8 GHz bands. Nor outdoor deployable at fixed location, neither integral to handheld
TS, are considered antennas within the scope of the present document.

ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[2] ETSI EN 301 126-3-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint
antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures".
[3] ETSI EN 302 217-4-1: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependent requirements for antennas".
[4] ETSI EN 302 217-4-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2
of R&TTE Directive for antennas".
[5] ETSI EN 302 326-1: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 1: Overview and Requirements for Digital Multipoint Radio Systems".
[6] ETSI EN 302 326-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
for Digital Multipoint Radio Equipment".
2.2 Informative references
[7] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to
the production of candidate Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive".
[8] ETSI EN 301 525: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-Multipoint Antennas; Antennas for Point-to-
Multipoint fixed radio systems in the 1 GHz to 3 GHz band".
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
[9] ETSI EN 301 753: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint equipment and antennas; Generic
harmonized standard for multipoint digital fixed radio systems and antennas covering the essential
requirements under article 3.2 of the Directive 1999/5/EC".
[10] ETSI EN 301 997-2: "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Multipoint equipment; Radio
equipment for use in Multimedia Wireless Systems (MWS) in the frequency band 40,5 GHz to
43,5 GHz; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE
Directive".
[11] ETSI EN 302 078: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint antennas; Circularly polarized antennas for
multipoint fixed radio systems in the 1 GHz to 11 GHz band".
[12] ETSI TR 101 506: "Fixed Radio Systems; Generic definitions, terminology and applicability of
essential requirements under the article 3.2 of 99/05/EC Directive to Fixed Radio Systems".
[13] ITU-R Recommendation F.1399: "Vocabulary of terms for wireless access".
[14] ETSI EN 301 215-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-Multipoint Antennas; Antennas for
point-to-multipoint fixed radio systems in the 11 GHz to 60 GHz band; Part 2: 24 GHz to
30 GHz". .
[15] ETSI EN 301 215-3: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point to Multipoint Antennas; Antennas for
point-to-multipoint fixed radio systems in the 11 GHz to 60 GHz band; Part 3: Multipoint
Multimedia Wireless System in 40,5 GHz to 43,5 GHz".
[16] ETSI EN 301 215-4: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-Multipoint Antennas; Antennas for
multipoint fixed radio systems in the 11 GHz to 60 GHz band; Part 4: 30 GHz to 40,5 GHz".
[17] ETSI EN 302 085: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-Multipoint Antennas; Antennas for
point-to-multipoint fixed radio systems in the 3 GHz to 11 GHz band".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
antenna: part of the transmitting or receiving system designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation
azimuth plane: reference plane (see note) from which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally horizontal (see also tilt). The azimuth plane is generally mechanically identified
by reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and deployment purposes.
Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas might have intrinsic down-tilt of few degrees. In such cases, it
would be more theoretically appropriate reference to a "conical" surface rather than a plane. However, tilt
is generally compensated for by the test set antenna mounting (i.e. by tilting up the antenna test set
mounting by an equivalent quantity) and the assessment is done by rotating the antenna rather then the
receiving instrument. The test is thus performed in such a way that the measurements may be considered
equivalent to those made in a true azimuth plane.
Central Station (CS): base station which communicates with Terminal Stations and in some cases Repeater Stations
co-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the wanted plane
of polarization (for linear polarization) or wanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The wanted plane or direction of rotation may be defined when the parameter is being measured by the
plane or direction of rotation of the reference antenna.
co-polar pattern: diagram representing the co-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured antenna gain.
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13 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
cross-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the unwanted
plane of polarization (for linear polarization) or unwanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The unwanted plane of polarization of a linear polarized antenna is defined as the plane which lies at right
angles to the wanted plane. The unwanted direction of rotation of a circular polarized antenna is defined
as that which is opposite to the wanted direction.
cross-polar pattern: diagram representing the cross-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured co-polar antenna
gain.
electrical tilt: angular shift in elevation of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna by a specific electrical design
of the antenna
elevation plane: reference plane, orthogonal to the azimuth plane, from which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are
referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally vertical. For directional, single beam sectored and multi-beam sectored antennas,
the elevation plane is that which contains the zero degree reference direction (within each beam in
multi-beam). For omnidirectional antennas, the elevation plane is not constrained in azimuth direction and
is specific only to a given measurement.
gain: ratio of the radiation intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power
accepted by the antenna was radiated isotropically
gain ripple: (for omnidirectional antennas) maximum gain variance in the azimuth plane around the actual gain of the
antenna under test
0° RPE test Reference
Maximum gain
Minimum gain
Measured curve within declared
tolerance on nominal gain
−180°
+180°
NOTE: Figure 2 shows the relationship between the X dB gain ripple, measured minimum and maximum gains in
the azimuth plane, and the declared nominal gain and tolerance of an omnidirectional antenna.

Figure 2: Gain ripple for an omnidirectional antenna
gain tolerance: tolerance on the nominal gain, as declared by the supplier according to the principles shown in
figures 2 and 3
isotropic radiator: hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions
left hand (anticlockwise) polarized wave: elliptically - or circularly - polarized wave, in which the electric field
vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a left-hand or
anticlockwise direction
maximum gain: highest gain (in any direction) of the antenna under test
ETSI
Nominal gain
Max Ripple X dB
½ ripple ½ ripple
14 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
mechanical tilt: angular shift in elevation of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna by a change to the physical
mounting of the antenna
Nomadic Wireless Access (NWA): "Wireless access" application in which the location of the "end-user termination"
may be in different places but it must be stationary while in use
NOTE: See ITU-R Recommendation F.1399 [13].
nominal gain: gain declared by the supplier to which gain assessment is to be referenced:
• For directional antennas: it is referenced to the maximum gain.
• For sectorial antennas: the supplier shall make a declaration of the gain for the antenna, together with
maximum tolerance that shall include the minimum gain within the declared sector. The gain of the antenna, as
measured, shall not, therefore, exceed the declared gain at the declared upper tolerance limit, nor shall it be
lower than the nominal gain at the declared lower tolerance limit (see figure 3).
• For omnidirectional antennas: it refers to the mean value of the gain ripple as shown in figure 2.
0° RPE test reference
Maximum gain within the sector
0 dB reference
for RPE assessment
purpose)
α
α
Declared sector width (2α)
Figure 3: Gain ripple for a sectored antenna
radiation pattern: diagram describing the power flux density in a given plane and at a constant distance from the
antenna as a function of the angle from the zero degree reference direction
Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE): envelope within which the radiation pattern shall fit
radome: cover of dielectric material, intended to protect an antenna from the effects of its physical environment
reference beam direction (ε°): direction, defined as ε° in the present document, defined by the manufacturer with
reference to the mechanical characteristics of the antenna which is used as reference for every beam RPE (applicable
only to multi-beam antennas)
Repeater Station (RS): radio station providing the connection via the air to the Central Station(s), the Terminal
Stations and other Repeater Stations
NOTE: The Repeater Station may also provide the interfaces to the subscriber equipment if applicable.
right hand (clockwise) polarized wave: circularly (or, more generally, elliptically) polarized wave, in which the
electric field vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a right-hand
or clockwise direction
ETSI
Measured minimum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
Measured maximum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
15 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.3.1 (2008-02)
sector angle: angle of coverage in azimuth of a sectored antenna, defined as 2α° in the present document shall be
declared by the manufacturer
NOTE: The sector angle may depend on the characteristics of the system to which the antenna will be connected
and this may therefore result in the need for a different definition of the sector angle. Therefore no
specific rule is given for such declaration although in general it is assumed that the sector angle may be
close to the half-power (3 dB) beam-width.
Terminal Station (TS): remote (out) station, which communicates with a Central Station or Repeater Station
tilt: fixed angular shift of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane by either electrical or
mechanical means
Zero dB gain reference (azimuth and elevation):
• For directional (DN) antennas: the maximum gain of the antenna. It is equal to the gain in the direction of
the boresight (a term not used in the present document).
• For sectored single beam antennas (SS): the maximum gain of the antenna within the declared sector (as in
figure 3).
• For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): the maximum gain of the antenna within each beam (as in
figure 3). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero dB gain references.
• For omnidirectional antennas (OD): the maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane in which the
radiation pattern is being measured. It is not defined for azimuth plane.
NOTE: It should be noted that except for directional antennas, the zero dB gain reference does not necessarily
equal the gain in the direction of the zero degree reference.
Zero degree (0°) reference direction: direction used as the reference direction for the RPEs
NOTE 1: It is generally mechanically identified by reference to the technical description for actual antennas for
testing and deployment purposes and must be declared by the manufacturer. It has different geometrical
relationship with the actual antenna type considered as follows:
• For directional (DN) antennas: the direction of maximum gain in both axes of the antenna. It is equivalent to
the boresight direction (term not used in the present document).
• For sectored single beam antennas (SS): the direction which in azimuth is the centre of the declared sector
angle and in elevation is, in principle, the direction of maximum gain, which, ideally, coincides with the
azimuth plane (see note 2).
• For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): in the azimuth plane, the zero degree reference direction is the
common reference direction for the RPEs of all beams and is declared by the manufacturer. In the elevation
plane, it is the direction of maximum gain of each beam (see note 2). It should therefore be noted that the
multiple beams may have different zero degree reference directions.
• For CS omnidirectional antennas (OD): the zero degree reference direction for this omnidirectional antenna
type is, in principle, not defined in the azimuth plane (i.e. only a 0° reference for actual test report should be
identified according figure 2); In the elevation plane in which the radiation pattern is being measured, it is the
direction of maximum gain (see note 2).
• For NWA TS omnidirectional antennas (ODT): the zero degree reference direction for this omnidirectional
antenna type is, in principle, not defined in any plane (i.e. only a 0° reference for actual test report should be
identified, for each plane, according figure 2).
NOTE 2: In practical tests, in particular for sector and CS omnidirectional antennas, the elevation RPE might have
slight variation within a relatively large elevation angle and might lead to uncertainty in finding the
maximum gain for the RPE assessment. In such cases the
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