SIST EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1:2021

Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Fixed Radio Systems;
Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 3: Multipoint Antennas
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
Reference
REN/ATTM-0440
Keywords
access, antenna, DFRS, FWA, multipoint, radio

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ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
1.1 General . 7
1.2 Antenna types and operating frequency . 7
1.3 Profiles . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 12
3.3 Abbreviations . 13
4 Technical requirements specifications . 13
4.1 Classification of antennas . 13
4.2 Characteristics description. 14
4.2.1 General . 14
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 14
4.2.3 Antenna Gain . 15
4.3 Environmental specifications and test . 15
4.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) requirements . 16
4.4.1 Directional antennas (DN): co-polar and cross-polar RPEs . 16
4.4.1.1 Antenna classes defined in the present document . 16
4.4.1.2 Bands from 1 GHz to 11 GHz and from 24,25 GHz to 40,5 GHz. 16
4.4.1.3 Band 40,5 GHz to 43,5 GHz . 20
4.4.1.4 Directional antennas conforming to ETSI EN 302 217-4 [2] . 22
4.4.2 Sectored Single beam (SS) antennas . 22
4.4.2.1 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar . 22
4.4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation . 25
4.4.2.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 25
4.4.2.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar (bands 1 GHz to 11 GHz only) . 26
4.4.3 Sectored multi-beam antennas (MS) (bands from 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz only) . 26
4.4.3.1 General . 26
4.4.3.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar . 27
4.4.3.3 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation: co-polar and cross-polar . 29
4.4.4 Omnidirectional antennas (OD and ODT) . 29
4.4.4.1 General . 29
4.4.4.2 CS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation . 29
4.4.4.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 29
4.4.4.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 30
4.4.4.3 TS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 31
4.5 Antenna gain requirements . 31
4.5.1 General . 31
4.5.2 Directional antennas . 31
4.5.3 Sectored single beam antennas . 32
4.5.4 Sectored multi-beam antennas (bands from 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz only) . 32
4.5.5 Omnidirectional antennas . 32
4.5.5.1 CS OmniDirectional (OD) . 32
4.5.5.2 TS omnidirectional (ODT) . 33
5 Testing for conformance with technical requirements . 33
5.1 Void . 33
ETSI
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
5.2 Wide radio-frequency band covering antennas specification and test . 33
5.3 Environmental conditions for Testing . 33
5.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 33
5.5 Antenna gain . 34
Annex A (informative): Multipoint systems and Antenna profiles . 35
A.1 General . 35
A.2 Equipment profiles . 35
A.3 System profiles . 35
A.4 Directional antennas . 36
A.5 Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas . 36
Annex B (informative): Bibliography . 37
History . 38

ETSI
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
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Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
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essential to the present document.
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Foreword
This final draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals,
Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval
Procedure.
This multi-part deliverable covers characteristics and requirements for fixed multipoint radio equipment and antennas,
using a variety of access and duplex methods and operating at a variety of bit rates in frequency bands as specified in
the present document.
The present document is part 3 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and
Antennas, as identified below:
Part 1: "Overview and Requirements for Digital Multipoint Radio Systems";
Part 2: "Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum";
Part 3: "Multipoint Antennas".
NOTE: Part 1 is no longer maintained and referenced in other parts of the series.
The present document includes requirements for antennas whether they are integral or non-integral (i.e. dedicated or
stand-alone antennas).
ETSI
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
For the general background, rationale and structure of the present document see also the clause "Introduction" in ETSI
EN 302 326-2 [i.4].
ETSI
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
1 Scope
1.1 General
The present document is applicable to antennas (stand-alone, dedicated or integral antennas according to the definitions
of terms in clause 3.1) used in Multipoint (MP) Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS) (see note 1) intended for use in
the frequency bands identified in ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4].
NOTE 1: Applications intended for offering in the bands 3,4 GHz to 3,8 GHz the option of Nomadic Wireless
Access (NWA), according to the NWA definition in Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.3], are also
considered in the scope of the present document.
For Multipoint Fixed Radio Systems, antenna characteristics are not considered relevant to essential requirements under
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1] (see note 2). Antenna characteristics in the present document are considered
applicable whenever they are considered appropriate for the associated multipoint radio system.
NOTE 2: Rationale can be found in ETSI TR 101 506 [i.2].
1.2 Antenna types and operating frequency
The present document is applicable to multipoint radio system antennas of both linear (single or dual) polarization and
circular (single or dual) polarization. Linear polarization antennas may support either or both of two mutually
perpendicular planes of polarization. These planes are frequently, though not always, horizontal and vertical. Circular
polarization antennas may support either right hand or left hand polarization or, for dual polarization, both.
The RPE directional characteristics and polarization characteristics (co-polar and cross-polar and for either linear or
circular polarized antennas) impact on the interference has to be considered in network planning. A number of antenna
options are defined in the present document.
Table 1 outlines the multipoint antenna types and their operating frequencies described in the present document.
NOTE: Antenna characteristics are not standardized at frequencies below 1 GHz.
Table 1: Antenna Types
Frequency Range Types Polarization Notes
(see note)
1 GHz to 3 GHz Directional Linear The sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have
Sectored single beam a symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in the
Omnidirectional elevation plane.
3 GHz to 5,9 GHz, Directional Linear The sectored single and omnidirectional antennas
5,9 GHz to 8,5 GHz Sectored single beam may have a symmetric or asymmetric radiation
and Sectored multi-beam pattern in the elevation plane. The sectored multi-
8,5 GHz to 11 GHz (up to 5,9 GHz only) beam antennas have a symmetric radiation pattern
Omnidirectional only.
1 GHz to 11 GHz Directional Circular The sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have
Sectored single beam a symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in the
Omnidirectional elevation plane.
24,25 GHz to 30 GHz Directional Linear
Sectored single beam
30 GHz to 40,5 GHz Directional Linear The omnidirectional antennas may have a symmetric
and Sectored single beam or asymmetric radiation pattern in the elevation plane.
40,5 GHZ to 43,5 GHz Omnidirectional
NOTE: Attention is drawn to the fact that the specific operating bands are subject of CEPT or national licensing
rules. Currently applicable Fixed Service bands and channel plans are described in ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4],
although the applicability of these Fixed Service bands is at the discretion of the national administrations.
Therefore, the present document applies only to those bands which are allocated to the Fixed Service and/or
assigned by national regulations to MP applications on the date on which the EN was published.

ETSI
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
1.3 Profiles
The present document and associated ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4] for equipment and systems allows many distinct types of
equipment, several different antenna types and several ways in which they might be interconnected to form a network.
However, the applicability is limited to certain combinations of attributes and these combinations of attributes are called
"profiles":
• Equipment profiles.
• Antenna profiles.
• System profiles.
Annex A discusses Equipment, Antennas and System Profiles for multipoint systems in the scope of this multi-part
deliverable.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 301 126-3-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint
antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures".
[2] ETSI EN 302 217-4: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4: Antennas".
[3] Void.
[4] Void.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
ETSI
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
[i.2] ETSI TR 101 506 (V2.1.1): "Fixed Radio Systems; Generic definitions, terminology and
applicability of essential requirements covering article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU to Fixed Radio
Systems".
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-R F.1399: "Vocabulary of terms for wireless access".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 326-2 (V2.1.1): "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Part 2:
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms (see note) apply:
NOTE: For the correct understanding and application of the requirements in the present document, the definitions
below are identified, when relevant, with the use of italic characters (e.g. azimuth plane).
antenna: part of the transmitting or receiving system designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation
azimuth plane: reference plane (see note) from which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally horizontal (see also tilt). The azimuth plane is generally mechanically identified
by reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and deployment purposes.
Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas might have intrinsic down-tilt of few degrees. In such cases, it
would be more theoretically appropriate reference to a "conical" surface rather than a plane. However, tilt
is generally compensated for by the test set antenna mounting (i.e. by tilting up the antenna test set
mounting by an equivalent quantity) and the assessment is done by rotating the antenna rather than the
receiving instrument. The test is thus performed in such a way that the measurements may be considered
equivalent to those made in a true azimuth plane.
Central Station (CS): base station which communicates with Terminal Stations and in some cases Repeater Stations
co-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the wanted plane
of polarization (for linear polarization) or wanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The wanted plane or direction of rotation may be defined when the parameter is being measured by the
plane or direction of rotation of the reference antenna.
co-polar pattern: diagram representing the co-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured antenna gain.
cross-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the unwanted
plane of polarization (for linear polarization) or unwanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The unwanted plane of polarization of a linear polarized antenna is defined as the plane which lies at right
angles to the wanted plane. The unwanted direction of rotation of a circular polarized antenna is defined
as that which is opposite to the wanted direction.
cross-polar pattern: diagram representing the cross-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured co-polar antenna
gain.
dedicated antenna: antenna specifically designed for being attached to the radio equipment (i.e. with special
mechanical fixing to the antenna port of the specific radio supplied), but can be separated from the equipment (typically
for transport purpose) by using normal tools
electrical tilt: angular shift in elevation of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna by a specific electrical design
of the antenna
ETSI
10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
elevation plane: reference plane, orthogonal to the azimuth plane, to which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally vertical. For directional, single beam sectored and multi-beam sectored antennas,
the elevation plane is centred to the azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction (within each beam in
multi-beam). For omnidirectional antennas, the elevation plane is not limited in the azimuth plane
direction and is specific only to a given measurement.
gain: ratio of the radiation intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power
accepted by the antenna was radiated isotropically
gain ripple: (for omnidirectional antennas) maximum variance of the gain in the azimuth plane around the actual gain
of the antenna under test
0° RPE test Reference
Maximum gain
Minimum gain
Measured curve within declared
tolerance on nominal gain
−180°
+180°
NOTE: Figure 1 shows the relationship between the X dB gain ripple, measured minimum and maximum gains in
the azimuth plane, and the declared nominal gain and gain tolerance of an omnidirectional antenna.

Figure 1: Gain ripple for an omnidirectional antenna
gain tolerance: tolerance of the nominal gain, as declared by the supplier according to the principles shown in
figures 1 and 2
integral (integrated) antenna: antenna which is declared as part of the radio equipment by the manufacturer; it is not
physically separable from the equipment
isotropic radiator: hypothetical, lossless antenna with homogenous radiation intensity in all directions
left hand (anticlockwise) polarized wave: elliptically - or circularly - polarized wave, in which the electric field
vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a left-hand or
anticlockwise direction
maximum gain: highest gain (in any direction) of the antenna under test
mechanical tilt: angular shift in the elevation plane in the direction of maximum gain of the antenna when modifying
the physical mounting of the antenna
Nomadic Wireless Access (NWA): "Wireless access" application in which the location of the "end-user termination"
may be in different places but is stationary while in use
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.3].
ETSI
Nominal gain
Max Ripple X dB
½ ripple ½ ripple
11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
nominal gain: gain declared by the supplier as a basis for the gain assessment:
• For directional antennas: it is related to the maximum gain through the gain tolerance.
• For sectorial antennas: the supplier should make a declaration of the gain for the antenna, together with
maximum gain tolerance that should include the minimum gain within the declared sector. The gain of the
antenna, as measured, should not, therefore, exceed the declared gain at the declared upper gain tolerance
limit, nor should it be lower than the nominal gain at the declared lower gain tolerance limit (see figure 2).
• For omnidirectional antennas: it refers to the mean value of the gain ripple as shown in figure 1.
0° RPE test reference
Maximum gain within the sector
0 dB reference
for RPE assessment
purpose)
α
α
Declared sector width (2α)
Figure 2: Gain ripple for a sectored antenna
radiation pattern: diagram describing the power flux density in a given plane and at a constant distance from the
antenna as a function of the angle from the zero degree (0°) reference direction
Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE): envelope of the radiation pattern
radome: cover of dielectric material, intended to protect an antenna from the effects of its physical environment
reference beam direction (ε°): direction, defined as ε°, defined by the manufacturer in relation to the mechanical
characteristics of the antenna and used as reference for every beam RPE (applicable only to multi-beam antennas)
Repeater Station (RS): radio station providing the connection by air to the Central Station(s), the Terminal Stations
and other Repeater Stations
NOTE: The Repeater Station may also provide the interfaces to the subscriber equipment if applicable.
right hand (clockwise) polarized wave: circularly (or, more generally, elliptically) polarized wave, in which the
electric field vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a right-hand
or clockwise direction
sector angle: angle of coverage in azimuth plane of a sectored antenna, defined as 2α° in the present document as
declared by the manufacturer
NOTE: The sector angle may depend on the characteristics of the system to which the antenna will be connected
and this may therefore result in the need for a different definition of the sector angle. Therefore no
specific rule is given for such declaration although in general it is assumed that the sector angle may be
close to the half-power (3 dB) beam-width.
stand-alone antenna: antenna designed independently from the fixed radio equipment, by the same or a different
manufacturer and connected to the radio equipment in the field by standard cables and waveguides
Terminal Station (TS): remote (out) station, which communicates with a Central Station or Repeater Station
ETSI
Measured minimum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
Measured maximum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
tilt: fixed angular shift of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane by either electrical or
mechanical means
Zero dB gain reference (azimuth and elevation planes):
• For directional (DN) antennas: corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna. It is equal to the gain in the
direction of the boresight (a term not used in the present document).
• For sectored single beam antennas (SS): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna within the
declared sector (as in figure 2).
• For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna within each beam
(as in figure 2). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero dB gain
references.
• For omnidirectional antennas (OD): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane
in which the radiation pattern is being measured. It is not defined for azimuth plane.
NOTE: It should be noted that except for directional antennas, the zero dB gain reference does not necessarily
correspond to the gain in the zero degree(0°) reference direction.
Zero degree (0°) reference direction: direction used as the reference direction for the RPEs
NOTE 1: It is generally identified by the reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and
deployment purposes and is declared by the manufacturer. It has a different geometrical relationship with
the actual antenna type considered as follows:
 For directional (DN) antennas: corresponds to the direction of maximum gain in both axes of the
antenna. It is equivalent to the boresight direction (term not used in the present document).
 For sectored single beam antennas (SS): the direction which, in the azimuth plane, is the centre
of the declared sector angle and, in the elevation plane, corresponds to the direction of the
maximum gain, nominally coincident to the azimuth plane intersection. (see figure 2 and note 2).
 For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): corresponds, in the azimuth plane, to the zero degree
reference direction; it is the common reference direction for the RPEs of all beams and is declared
by the manufacturer. In the elevation plane, it is the direction of maximum gain of each beam (see
note 2). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero degree
reference directions.
 For CS omnidirectional antennas (OD): the zero degree reference direction for this
omnidirectional antenna type is, in principle, not defined in the azimuth plane (i.e. only a 0°
reference for actual test report should be identified according figure 2); In the elevation plane in
which the radiation pattern is being measured, it is the direction of maximum gain (see note 2).
 For NWA TS omnidirectional antennas (ODT): the zero degree reference direction for this
omnidirectional antenna type is, in principle, not defined in any plane (i.e. only a 0° reference for
actual test report should be identified, for each plane, according figure 2).
NOTE 2: In practical tests, in particular for sector and CS omnidirectional antennas, the elevation RPE might have
slight variation within a relatively large elevation angle and might lead to uncertainty in finding the
maximum gain for the RPE assessment. In such cases the direction of the azimuth plane (including tilts, if
°) degree reference direction in elevation plane even if actual slightly
any) should be used as zero (0
higher gain might be experienced in a slightly different direction. See also the note to "azimuth plane"
definition.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
abs( ) Absolute value of the number
α Alpha (= half of the sector angle)
dB deciBel
dBi deciBels relative to an isotropic source
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13 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
ε Epsilon (= beam reference direction)
f Nominal centre frequency of declared antenna operating range
GHz GigaHertz
θ Theta (= angle from zero degree reference direction)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CS Central Station
DFRS Digital Fixed Radio System
DN DirectioNal (antenna)
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EqC Equipment Classification
LHCP Left Hand Circular Polarization
MP MultiPoint
MP-MP MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint
MS Multi-beam Sectorial (antenna)
NWA Nomadic Wireless Access
OD OmniDirectional (antenna) for CS use
ODT OmniDirectional (antenna) for NWA TS use
pfd power flux density
P-MP Point-to-MultiPoint
RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization
RLAN Radio Local Area Network
RPE Radiation Pattern Envelope
RS Repeater Station
SS Single beam Sectorial (antenna)
TS Terminal Station
XPD Cross-Polar Discrimination
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Classification of antennas
For each antenna type and frequency range, a number of different antenna classes are defined. The class of antenna
selected will depend on operational requirements.
For each combination of antenna type and frequency range, several classes of antenna may be designated.
Directional antennas are designated as DN1, DN2 … DNn which are classified by increasingly demanding RPE
according to the ranges defined in annex A.
Single beam sectored antennas are designated SS1, SS2 … SSn according to their increasingly demanding RPEs.
Multi-beam sectored antennas are designated MS1, MS2 … MSn according to their increasingly demanding RPEs.
Only one class of omnidirectional antenna for CS is currently specified. Should it occur that more than one class of
omnidirectional antenna is designated, the designations OD1, OD2 … ODn may be used. A single case of
omnidirectional antenna for TS intended for NWA application is considered and designated as ODT.
In few cases, when more than one standardized antenna parameters are close enough for being considered belonging to
the same class, further alphabetical suffix (a, b, etc.) is used. For more information on antenna classes see annex A.
ETSI
14 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
4.2 Characteristics description
4.2.1 General
Two characteristics are identified as applicable to antennas used in fixed multipoint radio systems:
• Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE).
• Gain.
The RPE consists of different co-polar and cross polar envelopes.
For sectored (single beam or multi-beam) and omnidirectional CS antenna types the RPE is specified in different
azimuth and elevation patterns. Different azimuth and elevation patterns are also specified in the case of linearly
polarized directional antennas in the frequency range.
It should be noted that the method of specifying these characteristics is different for different antenna types. The
characteristics are therefore separately specified for each antenna type.
A zero degree (0°) reference direction shall be defined for each antenna. The radiation characteristics in the present
document are all referred to this zero degree (0°) reference direction.
For the purpose of the present document, an antenna is specific to a Type, Class, Polarization Type, the frequency range
of operation. An antenna, which employs a radome, shall meet the requirements of the present document with the
radome in place.
The following clauses specify the two characteristics for each antenna type, class and frequency range.
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE)
A zero degree (0°) reference direction shall be defined for each antenna and declared by the manufacturer. The
radiation characteristics in the present document are all referred to this zero degree (0°) reference direction.
Elevation RPEs are defined at the azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction. In the remaining directions slight
variation may be expected (within 3 dB), however no specific tests are required.
The radiation pattern envelope is the envelope which the gain of the antenna shall not exceed, relative to its declared
value, as a function of angle from the zero degree (0°) reference direction. The RPE is specified separately (for both
co-polar and cross-polar values) for azimuth plane (the nominally horizontal plane) and elevation plane (the nominally
vertical plane).
For the majority of antennas of type "Directional", the elevation and azimuth RPEs are identical and are thus specified
in this way. For antennas of type "Omnidirectional", where the antenna performance is nominally uniform in the
azimuth plane, the azimuth RPE is expressed as gain ripple in this plane.
Linearly polarized antennas radiate an electromagnetic wave which is nominally plane polarized. Radiation emitted
which is in the wanted plane of polarization is referred to as co-polar. Radiation emitted in the unwanted plane of
polarization (orthogonal to the wanted plane) is referred to as cross-polar.
Circularly polarized antennas radiate an electromagnetic wave which is nominally circularly polarized such that the
plane of polarization rotates in either a right hand or left hand direction. Radiation emitted for which the plane of
polarization rotates in the wanted direction is referred to as co-polar. Radiation emitted for which the plane of
polarization rotates in the opposite direction to that wanted is referred to as cross-polar.
The RPE is specified separately for co-polar and cross-polar radiation.
NOTE 1: In some cases, typically where co-polar RPE is the more demanding, the cross polar RPE may be less
stringent than the co-polar in the azimuth plane region around 180°. This is justified, for the Operators
may take into account polarization decoupling in adjacent cell/sector planning. However, when
inter-operator planning (e.g. for pfd boundary evaluation) is concerned, in general, unless polarization
decoupling is also specifically taken into account, the "worst case envelope" of the co-polar and cross
polar RPE should be considered.
ETSI
15 Final draft ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-06)
For single beam sectored and omnidirectional antennas, two types of antenna elevation RPE are defined:
• one for antennas designed to exhibit symmetric RPEs about the zero degree (0°) reference direction; and
• one for antennas designed for asymmetric RPEs about the zero degree (0°) reference direction.
For single beam sectored and multibeam sectored antennas, the elevation RPE applies only to the elevation plane at the
azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction of each beam.
For omnidirectional CS antennas, the elevation RPE applies at any azimuth angle. Omnidirectional antennas for TS in
NWA applications do not have specific requirements for RPE in either plane (limits apply only to the gain in any
direction).
Single beam sectored, multibeam sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have an electrical tilt. The scope of the
present document includes antennas with electrical tilt in the range of 0° to -10°, where a positive tilt is in the upward
direction and a negative tilt is in the downward direction. Further mechanical tilt of up to ±10° may be suitable for
deployment of single beam sectored and multibeam sectored antennas in some situations (see note 2).
NOTE 2: All RPEs are here defined referenced to a "nominal" azimuth plane that corresponds to the horizontal
plane only when the antenna has no tilt. When a tilt is present, the effect of the tilt will be compensated
for in the test process as described in the definition so that the tests will be conducted as if for an antenna
with no tilt.
The antenna technical description shall provide information on the nominal electrical tilt of the antenna to be used for
test report purposes.
The RPEs for the frequency range 1 GHz to 11 GHz apply to both linearly and circularly polarized antennas, except for
sectored multibeam antennas
...

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Fixed Radio Systems;
Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 3: Multipoint Antennas
2 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)

Reference
REN/ATTM-0440
Keywords
access, antenna, DFRS, FWA, multipoint, radio

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All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
1.1 General . 7
1.2 Antenna types and operating frequency . 7
1.3 Profiles . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 12
3.3 Abbreviations . 13
4 Technical requirements specifications . 13
4.1 Classification of antennas . 13
4.2 Characteristics description. 14
4.2.1 General . 14
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 14
4.2.3 Antenna Gain . 15
4.3 Environmental specifications and test . 15
4.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) requirements . 16
4.4.1 Directional antennas (DN): co-polar and cross-polar RPEs . 16
4.4.1.1 Antenna classes defined in the present document . 16
4.4.1.2 Bands from 1 GHz to 11 GHz and from 24,25 GHz to 40,5 GHz. 16
4.4.1.3 Band 40,5 GHz to 43,5 GHz . 20
4.4.1.4 Directional antennas conforming to ETSI EN 302 217-4 [2] . 22
4.4.2 Sectored Single beam (SS) antennas . 22
4.4.2.1 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar . 22
4.4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation . 25
4.4.2.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 25
4.4.2.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar (bands 1 GHz to 11 GHz only) . 26
4.4.3 Sectored multi-beam antennas (MS) (bands from 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz only) . 26
4.4.3.1 General . 26
4.4.3.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar . 27
4.4.3.3 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation: co-polar and cross-polar . 29
4.4.4 Omnidirectional antennas (OD and ODT) . 29
4.4.4.1 General . 29
4.4.4.2 CS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation . 29
4.4.4.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 29
4.4.4.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 30
4.4.4.3 TS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 31
4.5 Antenna gain requirements . 31
4.5.1 General . 31
4.5.2 Directional antennas . 31
4.5.3 Sectored single beam antennas . 32
4.5.4 Sectored multi-beam antennas (bands from 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz only) . 32
4.5.5 Omnidirectional antennas . 32
4.5.5.1 CS OmniDirectional (OD) . 32
4.5.5.2 TS omnidirectional (ODT) . 33
5 Testing for conformance with technical requirements . 33
5.1 Void . 33
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
5.2 Wide radio-frequency band covering antennas specification and test . 33
5.3 Environmental conditions for Testing . 33
5.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 33
5.5 Antenna gain . 34
Annex A (informative): Multipoint systems and Antenna profiles . 35
A.1 General . 35
A.2 Equipment profiles . 35
A.3 System profiles . 35
A.4 Directional antennas . 36
A.5 Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas . 36
Annex B (informative): Bibliography . 37
History . 38

ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
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DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its

Members. 3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP
Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the ®
oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (ATTM).
This multi-part deliverable covers characteristics and requirements for fixed multipoint radio equipment and antennas,
using a variety of access and duplex methods and operating at a variety of bit rates in frequency bands as specified in
the present document.
The present document is part 3 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and
Antennas, as identified below:
Part 1: "Overview and Requirements for Digital Multipoint Radio Systems";
Part 2: "Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum";
Part 3: "Multipoint Antennas".
NOTE: Part 1 is no longer maintained and referenced in other parts of the series.
The present document includes requirements for antennas whether they are integral or non-integral (i.e. dedicated or
stand-alone antennas).
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 30 August 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 November 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 May 2022
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 May 2022

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
For the general background, rationale and structure of the present document see also the clause "Introduction" in ETSI
EN 302 326-2 [i.4].
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
1 Scope
1.1 General
The present document is applicable to antennas (stand-alone, dedicated or integral antennas according to the definitions
of terms in clause 3.1) used in MultiPoint (MP) Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS) (see note 1) intended for use in
the frequency bands identified in ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4].
NOTE 1: Applications intended for offering in the bands 3,4 GHz to 3,8 GHz the option of Nomadic Wireless
Access (NWA), according to the NWA definition in Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.3], are also
considered in the scope of the present document.
For Multipoint Fixed Radio Systems, antenna characteristics are not considered relevant to essential requirements under
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1] (see note 2). Antenna characteristics in the present document are considered
applicable whenever they are considered appropriate for the associated multipoint radio system.
NOTE 2: Rationale can be found in ETSI TR 101 506 [i.2].
1.2 Antenna types and operating frequency
The present document is applicable to multipoint radio system antennas of both linear (single or dual) polarization and
circular (single or dual) polarization. Linear polarization antennas may support either or both of two mutually
perpendicular planes of polarization. These planes are frequently, though not always, horizontal and vertical. Circular
polarization antennas may support either right hand or left hand polarization or, for dual polarization, both.
The RPE directional characteristics and polarization characteristics (co-polar and cross-polar and for either linear or
circular polarized antennas) impact on the interference has to be considered in network planning. A number of antenna
options are defined in the present document.
Table 1 outlines the multipoint antenna types and their operating frequencies described in the present document.
NOTE: Antenna characteristics are not standardized at frequencies below 1 GHz.
Table 1: Antenna Types
Frequency Range Types Polarization Notes
(see note)
1 GHz to 3 GHz Directional Linear The sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have
Sectored single beam a symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in the
Omnidirectional elevation plane.
3 GHz to 5,9 GHz, Directional Linear The sectored single and omnidirectional antennas
5,9 GHz to 8,5 GHz Sectored single beam may have a symmetric or asymmetric radiation
and Sectored multi-beam pattern in the elevation plane. The sectored multi-
8,5 GHz to 11 GHz (up to 5,9 GHz only) beam antennas have a symmetric radiation pattern
Omnidirectional only.
1 GHz to 11 GHz Directional Circular The sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have
Sectored single beam a symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in the
Omnidirectional elevation plane.
24,25 GHz to 30 GHz Directional Linear
Sectored single beam
30 GHz to 40,5 GHz Directional Linear The omnidirectional antennas may have a symmetric
and Sectored single beam or asymmetric radiation pattern in the elevation plane.
40,5 GHZ to 43,5 GHz Omnidirectional
NOTE: Attention is drawn to the fact that the specific operating bands are subject of CEPT or national licensing
rules. Currently applicable Fixed Service bands and channel plans are described in ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4],
although the applicability of these Fixed Service bands is at the discretion of the national administrations.
Therefore, the present document applies only to those bands which are allocated to the Fixed Service and/or
assigned by national regulations to MP applications on the date on which the EN was published.

ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
1.3 Profiles
The present document and associated ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4] for equipment and systems allows many distinct types of
equipment, several different antenna types and several ways in which they might be interconnected to form a network.
However, the applicability is limited to certain combinations of attributes and these combinations of attributes are called
"profiles":
• Equipment profiles.
• Antenna profiles.
• System profiles.
Annex A discusses Equipment, Antennas and System Profiles for multipoint systems in the scope of this multi-part
deliverable.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 301 126-3-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint
antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures".
[2] ETSI EN 302 217-4: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4: Antennas".
[3] Void.
[4] Void.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
[i.2] ETSI TR 101 506 (V2.1.1): "Fixed Radio Systems; Generic definitions, terminology and
applicability of essential requirements covering article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU to Fixed Radio
Systems".
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-R F.1399: "Vocabulary of terms for wireless access".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 326-2 (V2.1.1): "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Part 2:
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms (see note) apply:
NOTE: For the correct understanding and application of the requirements in the present document, the definitions
below are identified, when relevant, with the use of italic characters (e.g. azimuth plane).
antenna: part of the transmitting or receiving system designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation
azimuth plane: reference plane (see note) from which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally horizontal (see also tilt). The azimuth plane is generally mechanically identified
by reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and deployment purposes.
Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas might have intrinsic down-tilt of few degrees. In such cases, it
would be more theoretically appropriate reference to a "conical" surface rather than a plane. However, tilt
is generally compensated for by the test set antenna mounting (i.e. by tilting up the antenna test set
mounting by an equivalent quantity) and the assessment is done by rotating the antenna rather than the
receiving instrument. The test is thus performed in such a way that the measurements may be considered
equivalent to those made in a true azimuth plane.
Central Station (CS): base station which communicates with Terminal Stations and in some cases Repeater Stations
co-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the wanted plane
of polarization (for linear polarization) or wanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The wanted plane or direction of rotation may be defined when the parameter is being measured by the
plane or direction of rotation of the reference antenna.
co-polar pattern: diagram representing the co-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured antenna gain.
cross-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the unwanted
plane of polarization (for linear polarization) or unwanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The unwanted plane of polarization of a linear polarized antenna is defined as the plane which lies at right
angles to the wanted plane. The unwanted direction of rotation of a circular polarized antenna is defined
as that which is opposite to the wanted direction.
cross-polar pattern: diagram representing the cross-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured co-polar antenna
gain.
dedicated antenna: antenna specifically designed for being attached to the radio equipment (i.e. with special
mechanical fixing to the antenna port of the specific radio supplied), but can be separated from the equipment (typically
for transport purpose) by using normal tools
electrical tilt: angular shift in elevation of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna by a specific electrical design
of the antenna
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
elevation plane: reference plane, orthogonal to the azimuth plane, to which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally vertical. For directional, single beam sectored and multi-beam sectored antennas,
the elevation plane is centred to the azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction (within each beam in
multi-beam). For omnidirectional antennas, the elevation plane is not limited in the azimuth plane
direction and is specific only to a given measurement.
gain: ratio of the radiation intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power
accepted by the antenna was radiated isotropically
gain ripple: (for omnidirectional antennas) maximum variance of the gain in the azimuth plane around the actual gain
of the antenna under test
0° RPE test Reference
Maximum gain
Minimum gain
Measured curve within declared
tolerance on nominal gain
−180°
+180°
NOTE: Figure 1 shows the relationship between the X dB gain ripple, measured minimum and maximum gains in
the azimuth plane, and the declared nominal gain and gain tolerance of an omnidirectional antenna.

Figure 1: Gain ripple for an omnidirectional antenna
gain tolerance: tolerance of the nominal gain, as declared by the supplier according to the principles shown in
figures 1 and 2
integral (integrated) antenna: antenna which is declared as part of the radio equipment by the manufacturer; it is not
physically separable from the equipment
isotropic radiator: hypothetical, lossless antenna with homogenous radiation intensity in all directions
left hand (anticlockwise) polarized wave: elliptically - or circularly - polarized wave, in which the electric field
vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a left-hand or
anticlockwise direction
maximum gain: highest gain (in any direction) of the antenna under test
mechanical tilt: angular shift in the elevation plane in the direction of maximum gain of the antenna when modifying
the physical mounting of the antenna
Nomadic Wireless Access (NWA): "Wireless access" application in which the location of the "end-user termination"
may be in different places but is stationary while in use
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.3].
ETSI
Nominal gain
Max Ripple X dB
½ ripple ½ ripple
11 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
nominal gain: gain declared by the supplier as a basis for the gain assessment:
• For directional antennas: it is related to the maximum gain through the gain tolerance.
• For sectorial antennas: the supplier should make a declaration of the gain for the antenna, together with
maximum gain tolerance that should include the minimum gain within the declared sector. The gain of the
antenna, as measured, should not, therefore, exceed the declared gain at the declared upper gain tolerance
limit, nor should it be lower than the nominal gain at the declared lower gain tolerance limit (see figure 2).
• For omnidirectional antennas: it refers to the mean value of the gain ripple as shown in figure 1.
0° RPE test reference
Maximum gain within the sector
0 dB reference
for RPE assessment
purpose)
α
α
Declared sector width (2α)
Figure 2: Gain ripple for a sectored antenna
radiation pattern: diagram describing the power flux density in a given plane and at a constant distance from the
antenna as a function of the angle from the zero degree (0°) reference direction
Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE): envelope of the radiation pattern
radome: cover of dielectric material, intended to protect an antenna from the effects of its physical environment
reference beam direction (ε°): direction, defined as ε°, defined by the manufacturer in relation to the mechanical
characteristics of the antenna and used as reference for every beam RPE (applicable only to multi-beam antennas)
Repeater Station (RS): radio station providing the connection by air to the Central Station(s), the Terminal Stations
and other Repeater Stations
NOTE: The Repeater Station may also provide the interfaces to the subscriber equipment if applicable.
right hand (clockwise) polarized wave: circularly (or, more generally, elliptically) polarized wave, in which the
electric field vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a right-hand
or clockwise direction
sector angle: angle of coverage in azimuth plane of a sectored antenna, defined as 2α° in the present document as
declared by the manufacturer
NOTE: The sector angle may depend on the characteristics of the system to which the antenna will be connected
and this may therefore result in the need for a different definition of the sector angle. Therefore no
specific rule is given for such declaration although in general it is assumed that the sector angle may be
close to the half-power (3 dB) beam-width.
stand-alone antenna: antenna designed independently from the fixed radio equipment, by the same or a different
manufacturer and connected to the radio equipment in the field by standard cables and waveguides
Terminal Station (TS): remote (out) station, which communicates with a Central Station or Repeater Station
ETSI
Measured minimum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
Measured maximum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
12 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
tilt: fixed angular shift of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane by either electrical or
mechanical means
Zero dB gain reference (azimuth and elevation planes):
• For directional (DN) antennas: corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna. It is equal to the gain in the
direction of the boresight (a term not used in the present document).
• For sectored single beam antennas (SS): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna within the
declared sector (as in figure 2).
• For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna within each beam
(as in figure 2). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero dB gain
references.
• For omnidirectional antennas (OD): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane
in which the radiation pattern is being measured. It is not defined for azimuth plane.
NOTE: It should be noted that except for directional antennas, the zero dB gain reference does not necessarily
correspond to the gain in the zero degree(0°) reference direction.
Zero degree (0°) reference direction: direction used as the reference direction for the RPEs
NOTE 1: It is generally identified by the reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and
deployment purposes and is declared by the manufacturer. It has a different geometrical relationship with
the actual antenna type considered as follows:
 For directional (DN) antennas: corresponds to the direction of maximum gain in both axes of the
antenna. It is equivalent to the boresight direction (term not used in the present document).
 For sectored single beam antennas (SS): the direction which, in the azimuth plane, is the centre
of the declared sector angle and, in the elevation plane, corresponds to the direction of the
maximum gain, nominally coincident to the azimuth plane intersection. (see figure 2 and note 2).
 For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): corresponds, in the azimuth plane, to the zero degree
reference direction; it is the common reference direction for the RPEs of all beams and is declared
by the manufacturer. In the elevation plane, it is the direction of maximum gain of each beam (see
note 2). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero degree
reference directions.
 For CS omnidirectional antennas (OD): the zero degree reference direction for this
omnidirectional antenna type is, in principle, not defined in the azimuth plane (i.e. only a 0°
reference for actual test report should be identified according figure 2); In the elevation plane in
which the radiation pattern is being measured, it is the direction of maximum gain (see note 2).
 For NWA TS omnidirectional antennas (ODT): the zero degree reference direction for this
omnidirectional antenna type is, in principle, not defined in any plane (i.e. only a 0° reference for
actual test report should be identified, for each plane, according figure 2).
NOTE 2: In practical tests, in particular for sector and CS omnidirectional antennas, the elevation RPE might have
slight variation within a relatively large elevation angle and might lead to uncertainty in finding the
maximum gain for the RPE assessment. In such cases the direction of the azimuth plane (including tilts, if
°) degree reference direction in elevation plane even if actual slightly
any) should be used as zero (0
higher gain might be experienced in a slightly different direction. See also the note to "azimuth plane"
definition.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
abs( ) Absolute value of the number
α Alpha (= half of the sector angle)
dB deciBel
dBi deciBels relative to an isotropic source
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
ε Epsilon (= beam reference direction)
f Nominal centre frequency of declared antenna operating range
GHz GigaHertz
θ Theta (= angle from zero degree reference direction)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CS Central Station
DFRS Digital Fixed Radio Systems
DN DirectioNal (antenna)
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EqC Equipment Classification
LHCP Left Hand Circular Polarization
MP MultiPoint
MP-MP MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint
MS Multi-beam Sectorial (antenna)
NWA Nomadic Wireless Access
OD OmniDirectional (antenna) for CS use
ODT OmniDirectional (antenna) for NWA TS use
pfd power flux density
P-MP Point-to-MultiPoint
RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization
RLAN Radio Local Area Network
RPE Radiation Pattern Envelope
RS Repeater Station
SS Single beam Sectorial (antenna)
TS Terminal Station
XPD Cross-Polar Discrimination
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Classification of antennas
For each antenna type and frequency range, a number of different antenna classes are defined. The class of antenna
selected will depend on operational requirements.
For each combination of antenna type and frequency range, several classes of antenna may be designated.
Directional antennas are designated as DN1, DN2 … DNn which are classified by increasingly demanding RPE
according to the ranges defined in annex A.
Single beam sectored antennas are designated SS1, SS2 … SSn according to their increasingly demanding RPEs.
Multi-beam sectored antennas are designated MS1, MS2 … MSn according to their increasingly demanding RPEs.
Only one class of omnidirectional antenna for CS is currently specified. Should it occur that more than one class of
omnidirectional antenna is designated, the designations OD1, OD2 … ODn may be used. A single case of
omnidirectional antenna for TS intended for NWA application is considered and designated as ODT.
In few cases, when more than one standardized antenna parameters are close enough for being considered belonging to
the same class, further alphabetical suffix (a, b, etc.) is used. For more information on antenna classes see annex A.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
4.2 Characteristics description
4.2.1 General
Two characteristics are identified as applicable to antennas used in fixed multipoint radio systems:
• Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE).
• Gain.
The RPE consists of different co-polar and cross polar envelopes.
For sectored (single beam or multi-beam) and omnidirectional CS antenna types the RPE is specified in different
azimuth and elevation patterns. Different azimuth and elevation patterns are also specified in the case of linearly
polarized directional antennas in the frequency range.
It should be noted that the method of specifying these characteristics is different for different antenna types. The
characteristics are therefore separately specified for each antenna type.
A zero degree (0°) reference direction shall be defined for each antenna. The radiation characteristics in the present
document are all referred to this zero degree (0°) reference direction.
For the purpose of the present document, an antenna is specific to a Type, Class, Polarization Type, the frequency range
of operation. An antenna, which employs a radome, shall meet the requirements of the present document with the
radome in place.
The following clauses specify the two characteristics for each antenna type, class and frequency range.
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE)
A zero degree (0°) reference direction shall be defined for each antenna and declared by the manufacturer. The
radiation characteristics in the present document are all referred to this zero degree (0°) reference direction.
Elevation RPEs are defined at the azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction. In the remaining directions slight
variation may be expected (within 3 dB), however no specific tests are required.
The radiation pattern envelope is the envelope which the gain of the antenna shall not exceed, relative to its declared
value, as a function of angle from the zero degree (0°) reference direction. The RPE is specified separately (for both
co-polar and cross-polar values) for azimuth plane (the nominally horizontal plane) and elevation plane (the nominally
vertical plane).
For the majority of antennas of type "Directional", the elevation and azimuth RPEs are identical and are thus specified
in this way. For antennas of type "Omnidirectional", where the antenna performance is nominally uniform in the
azimuth plane, the azimuth RPE is expressed as gain ripple in this plane.
Linearly polarized antennas radiate an electromagnetic wave which is nominally plane polarized. Radiation emitted
which is in the wanted plane of polarization is referred to as co-polar. Radiation emitted in the unwanted plane of
polarization (orthogonal to the wanted plane) is referred to as cross-polar.
Circularly polarized antennas radiate an electromagnetic wave which is nominally circularly polarized such that the
plane of polarization rotates in either a right hand or left hand direction. Radiation emitted for which the plane of
polarization rotates in the wanted direction is referred to as co-polar. Radiation emitted for which the plane of
polarization rotates in the opposite direction to that wanted is referred to as cross-polar.
The RPE is specified separately for co-polar and cross-polar radiation.
NOTE 1: In some cases, typically where co-polar RPE is the more demanding, the cross polar RPE may be less
stringent than the co-polar in the azimuth plane region around 180°. This is justified, for the Operators
may take into account polarization decoupling in adjacent cell/sector planning. However, when
inter-operator planning (e.g. for pfd boundary evaluation) is concerned, in general, unless polarization
decoupling is also specifically taken into account, the "worst case envelope" of the co-polar and cross
polar RPE should be considered.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
For single beam sectored and omnidirectional antennas, two types of antenna elevation RPE are defined:
• one for antennas designed to exhibit symmetric RPEs about the zero degree (0°) reference direction; and
• one for antennas designed for asymmetric RPEs about the zero degree (0°) reference direction.
For single beam sectored and multibeam sectored antennas, the elevation RPE applies only to the elevation plane at the
azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction of each beam.
For omnidirectional CS antennas, the elevation RPE applies at any azimuth angle. Omnidirectional antennas for TS in
NWA applications do not have specific requirements for RPE in either plane (limits apply only to the gain in any
direction).
Single beam sectored, multibeam sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have an electrical tilt. The scope of the
present document includes antennas with electrical tilt in the range of 0° to -10°, where a positive tilt is in the upward
direction and a negative tilt is in the downward direction. Further mechanical tilt of up to ±10° may be suitable for
deployment of single beam sectored and multibeam sectored antennas in some situations (see note 2).
NOTE 2: All RPEs are here defined referenced to a "nominal" azimuth plane that corresponds to the horizontal
plane only when the antenna has no tilt. When a tilt is present, the effect of the tilt will be compensated
for in the test process as described in the definition so that the tests will be conducted as if for an antenna
with no tilt.
The antenna technical description shall provide information on the nominal electrical tilt of the antenna to be used for
test report purposes.
The RPEs for the frequency range 1 GHz to 11 GHz apply to both linearly and circularly polarized antennas, except for
sectored multibeam antennas, for which only linearly polarized antennas are within the scope of the present document.
The RPEs for the frequency range 30 GHz to 40,5 GHz apply only to linearly polarized antennas.
The applicability of each set of parameters to linear or circular polarization is in
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2021
Fiksni radijski sistemi - Večtočkovna oprema in antene - 3. del: Večtočkovne
antene
Fixed Radio Systems - Multipoint Equipment and Antennas - Part 3: Multipoint Antennas
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
33.120.40 Antene Aerials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
Fixed Radio Systems;
Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 3: Multipoint Antennas
2 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)

Reference
REN/ATTM-0440
Keywords
access, antenna, DFRS, FWA, multipoint, radio

ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
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© ETSI 2021.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
1.1 General . 7
1.2 Antenna types and operating frequency . 7
1.3 Profiles . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 12
3.3 Abbreviations . 13
4 Technical requirements specifications . 13
4.1 Classification of antennas . 13
4.2 Characteristics description. 14
4.2.1 General . 14
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 14
4.2.3 Antenna Gain . 15
4.3 Environmental specifications and test . 15
4.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) requirements . 16
4.4.1 Directional antennas (DN): co-polar and cross-polar RPEs . 16
4.4.1.1 Antenna classes defined in the present document . 16
4.4.1.2 Bands from 1 GHz to 11 GHz and from 24,25 GHz to 40,5 GHz. 16
4.4.1.3 Band 40,5 GHz to 43,5 GHz . 20
4.4.1.4 Directional antennas conforming to ETSI EN 302 217-4 [2] . 22
4.4.2 Sectored Single beam (SS) antennas . 22
4.4.2.1 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar . 22
4.4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation . 25
4.4.2.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 25
4.4.2.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar (bands 1 GHz to 11 GHz only) . 26
4.4.3 Sectored multi-beam antennas (MS) (bands from 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz only) . 26
4.4.3.1 General . 26
4.4.3.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar . 27
4.4.3.3 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation: co-polar and cross-polar . 29
4.4.4 Omnidirectional antennas (OD and ODT) . 29
4.4.4.1 General . 29
4.4.4.2 CS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation . 29
4.4.4.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 29
4.4.4.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar . 30
4.4.4.3 TS Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 31
4.5 Antenna gain requirements . 31
4.5.1 General . 31
4.5.2 Directional antennas . 31
4.5.3 Sectored single beam antennas . 32
4.5.4 Sectored multi-beam antennas (bands from 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz only) . 32
4.5.5 Omnidirectional antennas . 32
4.5.5.1 CS OmniDirectional (OD) . 32
4.5.5.2 TS omnidirectional (ODT) . 33
5 Testing for conformance with technical requirements . 33
5.1 Void . 33
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
5.2 Wide radio-frequency band covering antennas specification and test . 33
5.3 Environmental conditions for Testing . 33
5.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) . 33
5.5 Antenna gain . 34
Annex A (informative): Multipoint systems and Antenna profiles . 35
A.1 General . 35
A.2 Equipment profiles . 35
A.3 System profiles . 35
A.4 Directional antennas . 36
A.5 Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas . 36
Annex B (informative): Bibliography . 37
History . 38

ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
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DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its

Members. 3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP
Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the ®
oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (ATTM).
This multi-part deliverable covers characteristics and requirements for fixed multipoint radio equipment and antennas,
using a variety of access and duplex methods and operating at a variety of bit rates in frequency bands as specified in
the present document.
The present document is part 3 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and
Antennas, as identified below:
Part 1: "Overview and Requirements for Digital Multipoint Radio Systems";
Part 2: "Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum";
Part 3: "Multipoint Antennas".
NOTE: Part 1 is no longer maintained and referenced in other parts of the series.
The present document includes requirements for antennas whether they are integral or non-integral (i.e. dedicated or
stand-alone antennas).
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 30 August 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 November 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 May 2022
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 May 2022

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
For the general background, rationale and structure of the present document see also the clause "Introduction" in ETSI
EN 302 326-2 [i.4].
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
1 Scope
1.1 General
The present document is applicable to antennas (stand-alone, dedicated or integral antennas according to the definitions
of terms in clause 3.1) used in MultiPoint (MP) Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS) (see note 1) intended for use in
the frequency bands identified in ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4].
NOTE 1: Applications intended for offering in the bands 3,4 GHz to 3,8 GHz the option of Nomadic Wireless
Access (NWA), according to the NWA definition in Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.3], are also
considered in the scope of the present document.
For Multipoint Fixed Radio Systems, antenna characteristics are not considered relevant to essential requirements under
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1] (see note 2). Antenna characteristics in the present document are considered
applicable whenever they are considered appropriate for the associated multipoint radio system.
NOTE 2: Rationale can be found in ETSI TR 101 506 [i.2].
1.2 Antenna types and operating frequency
The present document is applicable to multipoint radio system antennas of both linear (single or dual) polarization and
circular (single or dual) polarization. Linear polarization antennas may support either or both of two mutually
perpendicular planes of polarization. These planes are frequently, though not always, horizontal and vertical. Circular
polarization antennas may support either right hand or left hand polarization or, for dual polarization, both.
The RPE directional characteristics and polarization characteristics (co-polar and cross-polar and for either linear or
circular polarized antennas) impact on the interference has to be considered in network planning. A number of antenna
options are defined in the present document.
Table 1 outlines the multipoint antenna types and their operating frequencies described in the present document.
NOTE: Antenna characteristics are not standardized at frequencies below 1 GHz.
Table 1: Antenna Types
Frequency Range Types Polarization Notes
(see note)
1 GHz to 3 GHz Directional Linear The sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have
Sectored single beam a symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in the
Omnidirectional elevation plane.
3 GHz to 5,9 GHz, Directional Linear The sectored single and omnidirectional antennas
5,9 GHz to 8,5 GHz Sectored single beam may have a symmetric or asymmetric radiation
and Sectored multi-beam pattern in the elevation plane. The sectored multi-
8,5 GHz to 11 GHz (up to 5,9 GHz only) beam antennas have a symmetric radiation pattern
Omnidirectional only.
1 GHz to 11 GHz Directional Circular The sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have
Sectored single beam a symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in the
Omnidirectional elevation plane.
24,25 GHz to 30 GHz Directional Linear
Sectored single beam
30 GHz to 40,5 GHz Directional Linear The omnidirectional antennas may have a symmetric
and Sectored single beam or asymmetric radiation pattern in the elevation plane.
40,5 GHZ to 43,5 GHz Omnidirectional
NOTE: Attention is drawn to the fact that the specific operating bands are subject of CEPT or national licensing
rules. Currently applicable Fixed Service bands and channel plans are described in ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4],
although the applicability of these Fixed Service bands is at the discretion of the national administrations.
Therefore, the present document applies only to those bands which are allocated to the Fixed Service and/or
assigned by national regulations to MP applications on the date on which the EN was published.

ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
1.3 Profiles
The present document and associated ETSI EN 302 326-2 [i.4] for equipment and systems allows many distinct types of
equipment, several different antenna types and several ways in which they might be interconnected to form a network.
However, the applicability is limited to certain combinations of attributes and these combinations of attributes are called
"profiles":
• Equipment profiles.
• Antenna profiles.
• System profiles.
Annex A discusses Equipment, Antennas and System Profiles for multipoint systems in the scope of this multi-part
deliverable.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 301 126-3-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint
antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures".
[2] ETSI EN 302 217-4: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4: Antennas".
[3] Void.
[4] Void.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
[i.2] ETSI TR 101 506 (V2.1.1): "Fixed Radio Systems; Generic definitions, terminology and
applicability of essential requirements covering article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU to Fixed Radio
Systems".
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-R F.1399: "Vocabulary of terms for wireless access".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 326-2 (V2.1.1): "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Part 2:
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms (see note) apply:
NOTE: For the correct understanding and application of the requirements in the present document, the definitions
below are identified, when relevant, with the use of italic characters (e.g. azimuth plane).
antenna: part of the transmitting or receiving system designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation
azimuth plane: reference plane (see note) from which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally horizontal (see also tilt). The azimuth plane is generally mechanically identified
by reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and deployment purposes.
Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas might have intrinsic down-tilt of few degrees. In such cases, it
would be more theoretically appropriate reference to a "conical" surface rather than a plane. However, tilt
is generally compensated for by the test set antenna mounting (i.e. by tilting up the antenna test set
mounting by an equivalent quantity) and the assessment is done by rotating the antenna rather than the
receiving instrument. The test is thus performed in such a way that the measurements may be considered
equivalent to those made in a true azimuth plane.
Central Station (CS): base station which communicates with Terminal Stations and in some cases Repeater Stations
co-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the wanted plane
of polarization (for linear polarization) or wanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The wanted plane or direction of rotation may be defined when the parameter is being measured by the
plane or direction of rotation of the reference antenna.
co-polar pattern: diagram representing the co-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured antenna gain.
cross-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the unwanted
plane of polarization (for linear polarization) or unwanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The unwanted plane of polarization of a linear polarized antenna is defined as the plane which lies at right
angles to the wanted plane. The unwanted direction of rotation of a circular polarized antenna is defined
as that which is opposite to the wanted direction.
cross-polar pattern: diagram representing the cross-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured co-polar antenna
gain.
dedicated antenna: antenna specifically designed for being attached to the radio equipment (i.e. with special
mechanical fixing to the antenna port of the specific radio supplied), but can be separated from the equipment (typically
for transport purpose) by using normal tools
electrical tilt: angular shift in elevation of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna by a specific electrical design
of the antenna
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
elevation plane: reference plane, orthogonal to the azimuth plane, to which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally vertical. For directional, single beam sectored and multi-beam sectored antennas,
the elevation plane is centred to the azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction (within each beam in
multi-beam). For omnidirectional antennas, the elevation plane is not limited in the azimuth plane
direction and is specific only to a given measurement.
gain: ratio of the radiation intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power
accepted by the antenna was radiated isotropically
gain ripple: (for omnidirectional antennas) maximum variance of the gain in the azimuth plane around the actual gain
of the antenna under test
0° RPE test Reference
Maximum gain
Minimum gain
Measured curve within declared
tolerance on nominal gain
−180°
+180°
NOTE: Figure 1 shows the relationship between the X dB gain ripple, measured minimum and maximum gains in
the azimuth plane, and the declared nominal gain and gain tolerance of an omnidirectional antenna.

Figure 1: Gain ripple for an omnidirectional antenna
gain tolerance: tolerance of the nominal gain, as declared by the supplier according to the principles shown in
figures 1 and 2
integral (integrated) antenna: antenna which is declared as part of the radio equipment by the manufacturer; it is not
physically separable from the equipment
isotropic radiator: hypothetical, lossless antenna with homogenous radiation intensity in all directions
left hand (anticlockwise) polarized wave: elliptically - or circularly - polarized wave, in which the electric field
vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a left-hand or
anticlockwise direction
maximum gain: highest gain (in any direction) of the antenna under test
mechanical tilt: angular shift in the elevation plane in the direction of maximum gain of the antenna when modifying
the physical mounting of the antenna
Nomadic Wireless Access (NWA): "Wireless access" application in which the location of the "end-user termination"
may be in different places but is stationary while in use
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.3].
ETSI
Nominal gain
Max Ripple X dB
½ ripple ½ ripple
11 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
nominal gain: gain declared by the supplier as a basis for the gain assessment:
• For directional antennas: it is related to the maximum gain through the gain tolerance.
• For sectorial antennas: the supplier should make a declaration of the gain for the antenna, together with
maximum gain tolerance that should include the minimum gain within the declared sector. The gain of the
antenna, as measured, should not, therefore, exceed the declared gain at the declared upper gain tolerance
limit, nor should it be lower than the nominal gain at the declared lower gain tolerance limit (see figure 2).
• For omnidirectional antennas: it refers to the mean value of the gain ripple as shown in figure 1.
0° RPE test reference
Maximum gain within the sector
0 dB reference
for RPE assessment
purpose)
α
α
Declared sector width (2α)
Figure 2: Gain ripple for a sectored antenna
radiation pattern: diagram describing the power flux density in a given plane and at a constant distance from the
antenna as a function of the angle from the zero degree (0°) reference direction
Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE): envelope of the radiation pattern
radome: cover of dielectric material, intended to protect an antenna from the effects of its physical environment
reference beam direction (ε°): direction, defined as ε°, defined by the manufacturer in relation to the mechanical
characteristics of the antenna and used as reference for every beam RPE (applicable only to multi-beam antennas)
Repeater Station (RS): radio station providing the connection by air to the Central Station(s), the Terminal Stations
and other Repeater Stations
NOTE: The Repeater Station may also provide the interfaces to the subscriber equipment if applicable.
right hand (clockwise) polarized wave: circularly (or, more generally, elliptically) polarized wave, in which the
electric field vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a right-hand
or clockwise direction
sector angle: angle of coverage in azimuth plane of a sectored antenna, defined as 2α° in the present document as
declared by the manufacturer
NOTE: The sector angle may depend on the characteristics of the system to which the antenna will be connected
and this may therefore result in the need for a different definition of the sector angle. Therefore no
specific rule is given for such declaration although in general it is assumed that the sector angle may be
close to the half-power (3 dB) beam-width.
stand-alone antenna: antenna designed independently from the fixed radio equipment, by the same or a different
manufacturer and connected to the radio equipment in the field by standard cables and waveguides
Terminal Station (TS): remote (out) station, which communicates with a Central Station or Repeater Station
ETSI
Measured minimum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
Measured maximum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
12 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
tilt: fixed angular shift of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane by either electrical or
mechanical means
Zero dB gain reference (azimuth and elevation planes):
• For directional (DN) antennas: corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna. It is equal to the gain in the
direction of the boresight (a term not used in the present document).
• For sectored single beam antennas (SS): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna within the
declared sector (as in figure 2).
• For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna within each beam
(as in figure 2). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero dB gain
references.
• For omnidirectional antennas (OD): corresponds to the maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane
in which the radiation pattern is being measured. It is not defined for azimuth plane.
NOTE: It should be noted that except for directional antennas, the zero dB gain reference does not necessarily
correspond to the gain in the zero degree(0°) reference direction.
Zero degree (0°) reference direction: direction used as the reference direction for the RPEs
NOTE 1: It is generally identified by the reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and
deployment purposes and is declared by the manufacturer. It has a different geometrical relationship with
the actual antenna type considered as follows:
 For directional (DN) antennas: corresponds to the direction of maximum gain in both axes of the
antenna. It is equivalent to the boresight direction (term not used in the present document).
 For sectored single beam antennas (SS): the direction which, in the azimuth plane, is the centre
of the declared sector angle and, in the elevation plane, corresponds to the direction of the
maximum gain, nominally coincident to the azimuth plane intersection. (see figure 2 and note 2).
 For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): corresponds, in the azimuth plane, to the zero degree
reference direction; it is the common reference direction for the RPEs of all beams and is declared
by the manufacturer. In the elevation plane, it is the direction of maximum gain of each beam (see
note 2). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero degree
reference directions.
 For CS omnidirectional antennas (OD): the zero degree reference direction for this
omnidirectional antenna type is, in principle, not defined in the azimuth plane (i.e. only a 0°
reference for actual test report should be identified according figure 2); In the elevation plane in
which the radiation pattern is being measured, it is the direction of maximum gain (see note 2).
 For NWA TS omnidirectional antennas (ODT): the zero degree reference direction for this
omnidirectional antenna type is, in principle, not defined in any plane (i.e. only a 0° reference for
actual test report should be identified, for each plane, according figure 2).
NOTE 2: In practical tests, in particular for sector and CS omnidirectional antennas, the elevation RPE might have
slight variation within a relatively large elevation angle and might lead to uncertainty in finding the
maximum gain for the RPE assessment. In such cases the direction of the azimuth plane (including tilts, if
°) degree reference direction in elevation plane even if actual slightly
any) should be used as zero (0
higher gain might be experienced in a slightly different direction. See also the note to "azimuth plane"
definition.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
abs( ) Absolute value of the number
α Alpha (= half of the sector angle)
dB deciBel
dBi deciBels relative to an isotropic source
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
ε Epsilon (= beam reference direction)
f Nominal centre frequency of declared antenna operating range
GHz GigaHertz
θ Theta (= angle from zero degree reference direction)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CS Central Station
DFRS Digital Fixed Radio Systems
DN DirectioNal (antenna)
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EqC Equipment Classification
LHCP Left Hand Circular Polarization
MP MultiPoint
MP-MP MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint
MS Multi-beam Sectorial (antenna)
NWA Nomadic Wireless Access
OD OmniDirectional (antenna) for CS use
ODT OmniDirectional (antenna) for NWA TS use
pfd power flux density
P-MP Point-to-MultiPoint
RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization
RLAN Radio Local Area Network
RPE Radiation Pattern Envelope
RS Repeater Station
SS Single beam Sectorial (antenna)
TS Terminal Station
XPD Cross-Polar Discrimination
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Classification of antennas
For each antenna type and frequency range, a number of different antenna classes are defined. The class of antenna
selected will depend on operational requirements.
For each combination of antenna type and frequency range, several classes of antenna may be designated.
Directional antennas are designated as DN1, DN2 … DNn which are classified by increasingly demanding RPE
according to the ranges defined in annex A.
Single beam sectored antennas are designated SS1, SS2 … SSn according to their increasingly demanding RPEs.
Multi-beam sectored antennas are designated MS1, MS2 … MSn according to their increasingly demanding RPEs.
Only one class of omnidirectional antenna for CS is currently specified. Should it occur that more than one class of
omnidirectional antenna is designated, the designations OD1, OD2 … ODn may be used. A single case of
omnidirectional antenna for TS intended for NWA application is considered and designated as ODT.
In few cases, when more than one standardized antenna parameters are close enough for being considered belonging to
the same class, further alphabetical suffix (a, b, etc.) is used. For more information on antenna classes see annex A.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
4.2 Characteristics description
4.2.1 General
Two characteristics are identified as applicable to antennas used in fixed multipoint radio systems:
• Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE).
• Gain.
The RPE consists of different co-polar and cross polar envelopes.
For sectored (single beam or multi-beam) and omnidirectional CS antenna types the RPE is specified in different
azimuth and elevation patterns. Different azimuth and elevation patterns are also specified in the case of linearly
polarized directional antennas in the frequency range.
It should be noted that the method of specifying these characteristics is different for different antenna types. The
characteristics are therefore separately specified for each antenna type.
A zero degree (0°) reference direction shall be defined for each antenna. The radiation characteristics in the present
document are all referred to this zero degree (0°) reference direction.
For the purpose of the present document, an antenna is specific to a Type, Class, Polarization Type, the frequency range
of operation. An antenna, which employs a radome, shall meet the requirements of the present document with the
radome in place.
The following clauses specify the two characteristics for each antenna type, class and frequency range.
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE)
A zero degree (0°) reference direction shall be defined for each antenna and declared by the manufacturer. The
radiation characteristics in the present document are all referred to this zero degree (0°) reference direction.
Elevation RPEs are defined at the azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction. In the remaining directions slight
variation may be expected (within 3 dB), however no specific tests are required.
The radiation pattern envelope is the envelope which the gain of the antenna shall not exceed, relative to its declared
value, as a function of angle from the zero degree (0°) reference direction. The RPE is specified separately (for both
co-polar and cross-polar values) for azimuth plane (the nominally horizontal plane) and elevation plane (the nominally
vertical plane).
For the majority of antennas of type "Directional", the elevation and azimuth RPEs are identical and are thus specified
in this way. For antennas of type "Omnidirectional", where the antenna performance is nominally uniform in the
azimuth plane, the azimuth RPE is expressed as gain ripple in this plane.
Linearly polarized antennas radiate an electromagnetic wave which is nominally plane polarized. Radiation emitted
which is in the wanted plane of polarization is referred to as co-polar. Radiation emitted in the unwanted plane of
polarization (orthogonal to the wanted plane) is referred to as cross-polar.
Circularly polarized antennas radiate an electromagnetic wave which is nominally circularly polarized such that the
plane of polarization rotates in either a right hand or left hand direction. Radiation emitted for which the plane of
polarization rotates in the wanted direction is referred to as co-polar. Radiation emitted for which the plane of
polarization rotates in the opposite direction to that wanted is referred to as cross-polar.
The RPE is specified separately for co-polar and cross-polar radiation.
NOTE 1: In some cases, typically where co-polar RPE is the more demanding, the cross polar RPE may be less
stringent than the co-polar in the azimuth plane region around 180°. This is justified, for the Operators
may take into account polarization decoupling in adjacent cell/sector planning. However, when
inter-operator planning (e.g. for pfd boundary evaluation) is concerned, in general, unless polarization
decoupling is also specifically taken into account, the "worst case envelope" of the co-polar and cross
polar RPE should be considered.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V2.1.1 (2021-09)
For single beam sectored and omnidirectional antennas, two types of antenna elevation RPE are defined:
• one for antennas designed to exhibit symmetric RPEs about the zero degree (0°) reference direction; and
• one for antennas designed for asymmetric RPEs about the zero degree (0°) reference direction.
For single beam sectored and multibeam sectored antennas, the elevation RPE applies only to the elevation plane at the
azimuth zero degree (0°) reference direction of each beam.
For omnidirectional CS antennas, the elevation RPE applies at any azimuth angle. Omnidirectional antennas for TS in
NWA applications do not have specific requirements for RPE in either plane (limits apply only to the gain in any
direction).
Single beam sectored, multibeam sectored and omnidirectional antennas may have an electrical tilt. The scope of the
present d
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