SIST-TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1:2016

ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Reference scenario for the deployment of
emergency communications;
Part 1: Earthquake

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2 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)



Reference
DTS/SES-00341-1
Keywords
emergency, satellite
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3 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and Abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 9
4 Disaster scenario . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Scenario definition . 10
4.2.1 General . 10
4.2.2 Physical effects . 11
4.2.2.1 Collapse of buildings. 11
4.2.2.2 Fire . 11
4.2.3 Disruption of infrastructure. 12
4.2.3.1 Road access . 12
4.2.3.2 Power . 12
4.2.3.3 Water supply . 12
4.2.3.4 Sanitation . 12
4.2.3.5 Telecommunication . 12
4.3 Tasks and activities . 12
4.4 Disaster response actions . 12
4.4.1 General . 12
4.4.2 Emergency management . 13
4.4.3 Risk management and damage mitigation . 14
4.4.4 Casualty Logistics . 16
5 Information Exchanges. 17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 Communication needs between emergency management hierarchies . 19
5.3 Communication needs by action . 20
5.3.1 Emergency management . 20
5.3.2 Risk management and damage mitigation . 21
5.3.2.1 Road access . 21
5.3.2.2 Assessment and handling of specific risks . 22
5.3.2.3 Fire-fighting . 23
5.3.2.4 Rescue . 25
5.3.2.5 Maintenance of public order . 28
5.3.2.6 Provisions . 28
5.3.3 Casualty logistics . 30
5.3.3.1 Overview . 30
5.3.3.2 Treatment and medical evacuation . 31
5.3.3.3 Temporary shelter and evacuation . 35
5.4 Characteristics of Emergency Communication Services . 36
5.4.1 Speech services . 36
5.4.1.1 General . 36
5.4.1.2 PMR group call channels . 36
5.4.2 Paging (short message) services . 37
5.4.3 Status monitoring and location services. 37
5.4.4 Data services . 37
ETSI

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4 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)
6 Topology model . 38
6.1 General . 38
6.2 Model graphics . 38
6.3 Model specification . 40
6.3.1 Scenario quantities . 40
6.3.2 Locations . 41
6.3.2.1 On-site . 41
6.3.2.2 Off-site . 42
6.3.3 On-site actors . 42
Annex A (informative): Major recent earthquakes . 44
Annex B (informative): Detailed scenario definition . 45
Annex C (informative): Disaster response actions - timelines . 46
C.1 Emergency management . 46
C.2 Risk management and damage mitigation . 46
C.2.1 Road access . 46
C.2.2 Assessment and handling of specific risks . 47
C.2.3 Fire fighting . 47
C.2.4 Rescue . 48
C.2.5 Maintenance of public order . 48
C.2.6 Provisions . 48
C.2.6.1 Power supply restoration . 48
C.2.6.2 Water, food and sanitation . 48
C.2.6.3 Telecommunication . 49
C.3 Casualty logistics . 49
C.3.1 Treatment and medical evacuation . 49
C.3.2 Temporary shelter and evacuation . 49
Annex D (informative): Modelling specification of objects, parameters and behaviour . 51
D.1 Modelling assumptions. 51
D.2 Pseudo-code describing the model behaviour . 51
D.2.1 Pseudo-code describing the initialization of the model including placement of locations . 51
D.2.2 Pseudo code describing the mobility and sequential actions of the respective actors . 52
D.2.3 Pseudo code describing the end of the incident and "ramp down" . 55
D.3 Modelling action/time parameters . 56
D.4 Objects and their parameters . 57
D.4.1 Locations on-site . 57
D.4.2 Locations off-site . 58
D.4.3 Actors . 59
History . 63


ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and
Systems (SES).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the reference scenario for the deployment of
emergency communications, as identified below:
Part 1: "Earthquake";
Part 2: "Mass casualty incident in public transportation".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "may not", "need", "need not", "will",
"will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms
for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Major emergencies or disasters may result in a need for additional resources in local telecommunications networks,
especially if they are damaged or overloaded, in order to maintain or enhance the ability of emergency services to
respond and coordinate their activities effectively. Satellites can play a role in replacing or supplementing other
telecommunications links in these scenarios. For example satellite systems can provide:
• broadband and secure communication facilities anywhere/anytime in locations where no other facilities are
available; and
• temporary replacement of broken/saturated infrastructures by means of backhauling;
• fast deployment of temporary communication networks in emergency situations.
Hence a basis for requirements for such links needs to be established, and it is intended that the scenarios defined here
may be used for this purpose at a later stage.
The present document is also a response to EC mandate M/496 [i.12], specifically dossier 9 "Disaster Management"
part 2: "Emergency Telecommunication Services" which aims to support standardization for the optimal needs of the
emergency responders.
The use of satellite communication in disasters is described in ETSI TS 102 181 [i.1].
ETSI

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6 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)
In the present document clause 4 defines the scenario, in terms of physical effects, what actions need to be taken by
which actors (who will have communications needs) and what their tasks are. This definition constitutes a basis for
clause 5, which defines the nature of information exchanges needed. Clause 6 defines the detailed parameters relating to
positions and movements of scenario actors, which are intended to forma basis for modelling of the scenario response
topology. These parameters are generic enough to be applicable or adapted to similar but different scenarios, and may
eventually be used to model the requirements for actors' communication exchanges, and associated capacities.
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7 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)
1 Scope
The present document defines an earthquake disaster scenario. The scenario includes definition of the responders
involved and their gross communication needs without specifying the network technologies involved. Finally the
topology modelling of the responders involved is defined, in terms of their disposition in the Incident Area, their time
evolution and their movements (if any).
The scenario is not generic in the sense of representing all emergencies of this type, but is intended to be a "typical"
example, and thus a reference in order to allow evaluation and dimensioning of required overall emergency
telecommunications.
The regulations and operating procedures for Emergency Responses vary between countries e.g. the organization
responsible for the emergency can be the police, the fire and rescue organization, a dedicated organization for this
purpose (e.g. civil protection) or others.
The response services defined are limited to safety-related services (i.e. not security such as law enforcement).
Casualties and personnel not active in the rescue operations (e.g. the press) have been excluded, as their
communications needs are not covered by the emergency communication systems considered here, but their needs are
considered in ETSI TR 102 410 [i.2].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TS 102 181: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Requirements for communication
between authorities/organizations during emergencies".
[i.2] ETSI TR 102 410: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Basis of requirements for
communications between individuals and between individuals and authorities whilst emergencies
are in progress".
[i.3] ETSI TR 102 643: "Human Factors (HF); Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements for real-time
communication services".
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8 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-T G.114: "Series g: Transmission systems and media, digital systems and
networks. One-way transmission time".
[i.5] European Union Handbook on assistance intervention in the Frame of community mechanism for
the cooperation of civil protection.
[i.6] United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination UNDAC Field Handbook.
[i.7] Hamdi Monia, Franck Laurent and Lagrange Xavier: "Topology modelling and network
partitioning: an application to forest firefighting". Radio science bulletin, 2013, pp.8-20.
[i.8] Franck Laurent, Hamdi Monia and Giraldo Rodriguez Carlos: "Topology modelling of emergency
communication networks: caveats and pitfalls"; The International Emergency Management
Society Workshop 2011, The International Management Society, 22-23 June 2011, Nîmes, France,
2011.
[i.9] Aschenbruck Nils, Gerhards-Padilla Elmar and Martini Peter: "Modelling mobility in disaster area
scenarios". Performance Evaluation, 2009, vol. 66, n 12, p. 773-790.
[i.10] Schwamborn Matthias, Aschenbruck Nils and Martini Peter: "A realistic trace-based mobility
model for first responder scenarios". Proceedings of the 13th ACM international conference on
Modeling, analysis, and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, Bodrum, Turkey, October 17-
21, 2010.
[i.11] Huang Ying, He Wenbo, Nahrstedt Klara and Lee Whay C.:"CORPS: Event-driven mobility
model for first responders in incident scene". Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications
Conference (MILCOM08), November 2008, pp. 1-7.
[i.12] EC mandate M/496: "M/496 Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop
standardisation regarding spaceindustry (phase 3 of the process)".
3 Definitions and Abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
casualty: individual in the incident area and requiring evacuation including those who are:
(i) non-injured, but affected,
(ii) injured and treated on site,
(iii) injured and needing treatment off-site (medevac), and
(iv) deceased.
common operating picture (COP): single display of information collected from and shared by more than one agency
or organization that contributes to a common understanding of a situation and its associated hazards and risks along
with the position of resources and other overlays of information that support individual and collective decision
making [i.5]
control centre: operations centre from which the management and co-ordination of the response by each emergency
service to an emergency are carried out [i.5]
emergency control centre (ECC): facilities used by emergency organizations to handle rescue actions in response to
emergency calls ETSI TS 102 181 [i.1]
emergency service: service, recognized as such by the member state, that provides immediate and rapid assistance in
situations where there is a direct risk to life or limb, individual or public health or safety, to private or public property,
or the environment but not necessarily limited to these situations [i.1]
field emergency control centre (FECC): facilities used by emergency service organizations to manage, command,
coordinate, and control rescue works and logistics in the incident area
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9 ETSI TS 103 260-1 V1.1.1 (2015-05)
hazard area: area with obvious or supposed threats to physical/psychological health, properties, and/or environment
holding area: generic term for an area to which resources and personnel not immediately required at the scene or being
held for further use, can be directed to standby [i.5]
incident area: area where the incident occurred, and/or the area which needs communication coverage to manage the
response implemented ETSI TS 102 181 [i.1]
incident commander: nominated officer with overall responsibility for management, command, coordination, and
control of rescue and relief works in the incident area
local emergency management authority (LEMA): local organization within the public services fully or partly
responsible for emergency preparedness and handling of incidents (based on ETSI TS 102 181 [i.1])
mass casualty incident (MCI): incident (or series of incidents) causing casualties on a scale that is beyond the normal
resources of the emergency services [i.5]
non-governmental organization (NGO): organization that is neither run or controlled by a government nor a profit-
oriented business
personal protective equipment (PPE): protective clothing, helmets, goggles or other garment designed to protect the
wearer's body from injury [i.5]
public safety answering point (PSAP): physical location where emergency calls are received under the responsibility
of a public authority ETSI TS 102 181 [i.1]
site incident officer: representative from the affected organization, when an incident occurs within the perimeter of an
industrial or commercial establishment, public venue, airport or harbour, to liaise with the emergency management
structures [i.5]
triage: assessment of casualties and allocation of priorities by the medical or ambulance staff (based on [i.5])
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CCP Casualty Collection Point
CFECC Coordinating Field Emergency Control Centre
CFEEC Coordinating Field Emergency Control Centre
COP Common Operating Picture
DCP Deceased Collection Point
ECC Emergency Control Centre
EM-DAT The International Disaster Database
EMTEL EMergency TELecommunications
EQ Earthquake
ET Emergency Team
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FECC Field Emergency Control Centre
IC Incident Commander
ICC Misprint for ECC
ID IDentification
IPR Intel
...