SIST ETS 300 447:1998
(Main)Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for VHF FM broadcasting transmitters
- Abstract
Covers the EMC requirements for VHF FM broadcast transmitters. The ETS together with ETS 300 384 may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Sep-1998
- Technical Committee
- RES - Radio equipment and systems
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Oct-1998
- Due Date
- 01-Oct-1998
- Completion Date
- 01-Oct-1998
- Mandate
- T-353
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI ETS 300 447 Edition 1. It specifies ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests, limits and minimum performance criteria for Very High Frequency (VHF) FM sound broadcasting transmitters and associated ancillary equipment. In practice, it is used for fixed broadcast transmitters in the 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz band when manufacturers, test laboratories and assessors need a common way to judge EMC behaviour.
What does SIST ETS 300 447:1998 specify?
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 covers the EMC assessment of VHF/FM Tx and ancillary equipment for broadcast transmitter sites. It gives the applicable tests, test methods, limits and minimum performance criteria for fixed equipment in normal operating conditions.
The standard does not cover technical specifications related to the antenna port. Those are handled by related product standards for effective use of the radio spectrum. It also keeps EMC conformity separate from licensing and safety obligations, so the test result is only one part of the overall equipment assessment.
The document is organized into clauses 1 to 9, followed by one normative annex.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| A | Clauses and subclauses that address the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/336/EEC |
What are the key requirements of SIST ETS 300 447:1998?
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 is built around a defined test setup, declared equipment data, port-based emission tests and port-based immunity tests. The most important practical point is that the manufacturer has to declare the equipment category, operating range and intended use before testing, because those declarations drive the test configuration and the pass or fail criteria.
Test conditions and setup
Clause 4 requires testing under normal declared humidity, temperature and supply voltage, with the arrangement kept as close as possible to normal use. The test report has to record the configuration and operating mode, because repeatability matters when results are used for conformity or type approval work.
For output monitoring, the standard uses a quiet channel and a specific measurement arrangement with a 50 Ω load, directional coupler, noise meter and modulation analyser. For transposers and active deflectors, the wanted RF input signal is set according to the clause, and RF power amplifiers use an external exciter placed outside the test environment. In practice, this means the lab must set up the transmitter the way it is actually used, not in a simplified laboratory-only state.
Exclusion bands and narrow band responses
Clause 4 also defines exclusion bands for transmitters, RF power amplifiers, active deflectors and transposers. These bands prevent the test from treating the equipment’s own wanted operating frequencies as interference.
For transposers and active deflectors, Clause 4.7 gives a method to decide whether a response is narrow band or a true EMC failure. If the degradation disappears when the unwanted signal is shifted by the filter bandwidth, the response is disregarded. If it does not disappear, the phenomenon is treated as wide band and the equipment fails. This matters because it separates genuine EMC problems from frequency-selective receiver effects.
Performance assessment and classification
Clause 5 requires the manufacturer to declare the equipment’s intended environment, functions, ports, ancillary equipment, control functions, stored data, nominal power, frequencies and filter bandwidths. That information is not just paperwork - it tells the tester what must be exercised and what counts as unacceptable degradation.
VHF/FM Tx are classified into three categories in Clause 5.5 based on the declared signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio measured with ITU-R Recommendation 468 weighting. That classification sets the allowable degradation under continuous phenomena. For a buyer or quality manager, this means the transmitter’s own declared audio performance is part of the EMC acceptance criterion.
Performance criteria CT and TT
Clause 6 defines two performance criteria. Continuous phenomena applied to Transmitters (CT) require the output characteristics to stay within the allowed range during each exposure and for the equipment to keep its declared functions and stored data. Transient phenomena applied to Transmitters (TT) require the equipment to recover to pre-test performance after the disturbance.
The transient criterion explicitly includes electrostatic discharge but excludes lightning. If the equipment has a standby mode, the tests are repeated in that mode to check that no unintended transmission occurs. In practice, this tells the user that EMC testing is not only about surviving a disturbance - it is also about keeping the transmitter under control.
Emission tests
Clause 8 covers emission from the enclosure, DC power input/output ports and AC mains power input/output ports. The applicable test and limit depend on RF output power and on whether the equipment is intended for remote sites or for residential, commercial and light industrial areas.
The enclosure test checks spurious radiation from the cabinet. The DC and AC port tests check conducted RF noise on cables and power lines. The practical point is that the transmitter may need different limits depending on where it will be installed and how it is powered.
Immunity tests
Clause 9 covers radiated RF field immunity, electrostatic discharge, fast transients, RF common mode disturbance, voltage dips and interruptions, and surges. The applicability changes with RF output power and with whether the port is a signal port, control port, DC power port or AC mains port.
The key test levels include a 3 V/m radiated field test, ESD contact and air discharges, fast transient tests on ports and mains, current clamp injection for RF common mode, and AC mains dip and surge tests. For VHF/FM Tx, the CT or TT criteria apply according to the disturbance type. For ancillary equipment, the manufacturer may define pass/fail criteria, but if the ancillary equipment is tested together with a VHF/FM Tx, the transmitter criteria apply. That is important when a control unit, remote panel or similar accessory is sold with more than one transmitter type.
What terms does SIST ETS 300 447:1998 define?
- ancillary equipment - Equipment used with a VHF/FM sound broadcasting Transmitter to add operational or control functions, but that cannot work alone and is not a sub-unit essential to the transmitter’s basic function.
- dBqps - An absolute weighted voltage level measured according to ITU-R Recommendation 468-4 for sound-programme transmission.
- manufacturer - The legal entity responsible for placing the product on the market.
- port - A specific interface between the equipment and the external electromagnetic environment.
- switching range - The maximum frequency span over which a VHF FM sound broadcasting Transmitter can operate without changing components or re-alignment.
- VHF/FM Tx - An active device that radiates an FM signal in the 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz band when connected to an antenna, and is intended as fixed equipment.
Who uses SIST ETS 300 447:1998?
This standard is used by transmitter manufacturers, EMC test laboratories, conformity assessors and quality managers working on broadcast equipment. It is also relevant to purchasers and operators who need evidence that a VHF/FM Tx and its ancillary equipment have been assessed against a common EMC method.
Because the foreword links the standard to the EMC Directive and to type approval and licensing contexts, it is also useful to regulatory and certification bodies. In practice, it helps them decide which test configuration, limit set and performance criterion should be used for a fixed broadcast transmitter system.
What changed in SIST ETS 300 447:1998 from the previous edition?
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 is identical to ETS 300 447 Edition 1.
Which standards are used with SIST ETS 300 447:1998?
The standard is used together with several referenced documents that provide measurement methods and immunity or emission baselines:
- ETS 300 384 - Named in the scope and foreword as the companion ETS used with this standard to demonstrate compliance with the EMC Directive.
- EN 50081-1 and EN 50082-1 - Generic emission and immunity baselines for residential, commercial and light industry environments.
- IEC 244-1 - General measurement conditions for radio transmitters, including frequency, output power and power consumption.
- ITU-R Recommendation 468-4 - The audio weighting method used for noise measurement and for the S/N-based classification.
- EN 55022 and EN 55011 - Emission measurement methods and limits used for enclosure and port tests.
- CISPR 16-1 - Requirements for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus, including LISN-related measurement practice.
- ENV 50140, EN 60801-2, IEC 801-4, ENV 50141, EN 61000-4-11 and IEC 1000-4-5 - The specific immunity test methods for radiated RF field, ESD, fast transients, conducted RF, voltage dips and interruptions, and surge tests.
- IEC 244-13 - FM sound broadcasting transmitter performance characteristics used in the output monitoring arrangement.
What does the SIST ETS 300 447:1998 document contain?
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 contains a foreword, a scope, normative references, definitions and abbreviations, general test conditions, performance assessment rules, performance criteria, emission applicability tables, immunity applicability tables, detailed emission test methods and limits, detailed immunity test methods and levels, and a normative annex linked to Directive 89/336/EEC.
It also includes Table 1 for the S/N-based performance criteria, Tables 2 and 3 for test applicability by RF output power, and Tables 4 to 8 for emission limits. Figure 1 shows the example measurement arrangement used to judge transmitter performance during testing.
For users preparing a test plan, the most practical parts are the declared-information requirements in Clause 5, the CT and TT criteria in Clause 6, and the port-by-port test methods in Clauses 8 and 9. For users writing reports, the standard tells them what to record whenever performance changes, user data are lost, or a port is not tested because of a declared cable-length limit.
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for VHF FM broadcasting transmitters". This standard covers: Covers the EMC requirements for VHF FM broadcast transmitters. The ETS together with ETS 300 384 may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
Covers the EMC requirements for VHF FM broadcast transmitters. The ETS together with ETS 300 384 may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment; 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: T-353. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
SIST ETS 300 447:1998 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-1998
5DGLMVNDRSUHPDLQVLVWHPL 5(6 6WDQGDUGHOHNWURPDJQHWQH]GUXåOMLYRVWL (0&
UDGLRIUHNYHQþQLK9+))0UDGLMVNLKRGGDMQLNRY
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for
VHF FM broadcasting transmitters
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 447 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN ETS 300 447
TELECOMMUNICATION March 1997
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: DE/RES-09009
ICS: 33.020
Key words: EMC, testing, VHF, FM broadcast, transmitter
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for
VHF FM broadcasting transmitters
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved.
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references.7
3 Definitions and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions .8
3.2 Abbreviations .9
4 General test conditions.9
4.1 Test conditions.9
4.2 Arrangements for test signals at the input of the VHF/FM Tx.9
4.3 Arrangements for test signals at the output of the VHF/FM Tx .10
4.4 Transmitter and RF power amplifier exclusion band .11
4.5 Active deflector exclusion band .11
4.6 Transposer exclusion band.12
4.7 Narrow band responses of transposers and active deflectors.12
5 Performance assessment .12
5.1 General .12
5.2 Equipment for which the output signal can be monitored.13
5.3 Ancillary equipment.13
5.4 Equipment for which the output signal cannot be monitored.13
5.5 Equipment classification .13
6 Performance criteria.13
6.1 Performance criteria for Continuous phenomena applied to Transmitters (CT).14
6.2 Performance criteria for Transient phenomena applied to Transmitters (TT) .14
7 Applicability overview tables.15
7.1 Emission .15
7.2 Immunity .15
8 Test methods and limits for emission tests of VHF/FM Txs and/or ancillary equipment .16
8.1 Test configuration .16
8.2 Enclosure.16
8.2.1 Definition .16
8.2.2 Test method .16
8.2.3 Limits.17
8.3 DC power input/output port.17
8.3.1 Definition .17
8.3.2 Test method .17
8.3.3 Limits for conducted RF signals .17
8.4 AC mains power input/output port.18
8.4.1 Definition .18
8.4.2 Test method .18
8.4.3 Limits.18
9 Test methods and levels for immunity tests of VHF/FM Txs and/or ancillary equipment .19
9.1 Test configuration .19
9.2 RF electro-magnetic field (80 - 1 000 MHz).20
9.2.1 Definition .20
9.2.2 Test method and level.20
9.2.3 Performance criteria.20
9.3 Electrostatic discharge.20
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
9.3.1 Definition. 20
9.3.2 Test method and level . 20
9.3.3 Performance criteria . 21
9.4 Fast transients common mode. 21
9.4.1 Definition. 21
9.4.2 Test method and level . 21
9.4.3 Performance criteria . 21
9.5 RF common mode, 0,15 MHz - 80 MHz (current clamp injection). 22
9.5.1 Definition. 22
9.5.2 Test method and level . 22
9.5.3 Performance criteria . 22
9.6 Voltage dips and interruptions. 22
9.6.1 Definition. 23
9.6.2 Test method and level . 23
9.6.3 Performance criteria . 23
9.7 Surges, common and differential mode . 23
9.7.1 Definition. 24
9.7.2 Test method and level . 24
9.7.3 Performance criteria . 24
Annex A (normative): Clauses in this ETS which refer to essential requirements of Council
Directive 89/336/EEC. 25
History. 26
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio Equipment and
Systems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been prepared by the Radio Equipment and
Systems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU)/ETSI Joint Technical Committee (JTC) in response to
European Commission mandate BC-T-353.
This ETS, together with ETS 300 384, is intended to become a harmonized standard, the reference of
which is intended to be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing Council
Directive 89/336/EEC (EMC Directive).
The technical characteristics which are relevant to the EMC Directive are listed in annex A.
Although all technical specifications that apply to the radiocommunications product on a "mandatory" basis
to have it placed on the market and brought into use are included in this ETS and ETS 300 384, not all
technical specifications have a similar status:
- compliance with the technical specifications, as referenced to the EMC Directive, allow the
affixation of the CE mark and the free circulation of the radiocommunications product;
- the technical specifications referenced in the ERC Decision are for type approval purposes as part
of the licensing provisions for bringing the equipment into use.
This latter subset of the technical specifications, although contained in the ETSs, is not harmonized under
the terms of the EMC Directive, with the exception of those specifically referenced to the EMC Directive.
Other standards cover radio communications equipment not listed in the scope.
Transposition dates
Date of adoption: 21 February 1997
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 30 June 1997
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 December 1997
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 1997
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
Blank page
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) covers the assessment of VHF FM sound
broadcasting transmitters and ancillary equipment in respect of ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC).
Technical specifications related to the antenna port are not included in this ETS. Such technical
specifications are found in the related product standards for the effective use of the radio spectrum. This
ETS specifies the applicable EMC tests, test methods, the limits and the minimum performance criteria for
VHF FM sound broadcasting transmitters operating in the frequency range 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz, and any
associated ancillary equipment.
The EMC requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility for apparatus at
broadcast transmitter site environments. The levels however do not cover extreme cases that may occur
in any location but with a low probability of occurrence.
This ETS may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference that is producing individually
repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomenon is permanently present, e.g. a radar or
broadcast transmitter on the same site or in the near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use
special protection applied to either the source of interference, or the interfered part, or both.
Compliance of radio equipment to the requirements of this ETS does not signify compliance with the
requirement related to the use of the equipment (licensing requirements).
Compliance to this ETS does not signify compliance to any safety requirement. However, it is the
responsibility of the assessor of the equipment that any observation regarding the equipment becoming
dangerous or unsafe as a result of the application of the tests of this ETS, should be recorded in the test
report.
2 Normative references
This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and relate to the publications listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] EN 50081-1 (1992): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard.
Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry".
[2] EN 50082-1 (1992): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard.
Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry".
[3] IEC 244-1 and 1A (1968/1973/1989): "Methods of measurement for radio
transmitters - Part 1: General conditions of measurement, frequency, output
power and power consumption".
[4] ITU-R Recommendation 468-4 (1990): "Measurement of audio-frequency noise
voltage level in sound broadcasting".
[5] EN 55022 (1994): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of information technology equipment".
[6] EN 55011: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency
equipment".
[7] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus".
[8] ENV 50140: "Electromagnetic compatibility - Basic immunity standard -
Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field - Immunity test".
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
[9] EN 60801-2 (1993): "Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process
measuring and control equipment - Part 2: Electrostatic discharge
requirements".
[10] IEC 801-4 (1988): "Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process
measuring and control equipment - Part 4: Electrical fast transient/burst
requirements".
[11] ENV 50141: "Electromagnetic compatibility - Basic immunity standard -
Conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields - Immunity test".
[12] EN 61000-4-11: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and
voltage variations immunity tests".
[13] IEC 1000-4-5: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity tests".
[14] IEC 244-13: "Methods of measurement for radio transmitters -
Part 13: Performance characteristics for FM sound broadcasting".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:
ancillary equipment: Equipment (apparatus), used with a VHF FM sound broadcasting Transmitter , is
considered as an ancillary equipment (apparatus) if:
- the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with a VHF FM sound broadcasting Transmitter to
provide additional operational and/or control features to the radio equipment (e.g. to extend control
to another position or location); and
- the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis to provide user functions independently of a
VHF FM sound broadcasting Transmitter; and
- the VHF FM sound broadcasting Transmitter to which it is connected, is capable of providing some
intended operation such as transmitting without the ancillary equipment (i.e. it is not a sub-unit of
the main equipment essential to the main equipment basic functions).
dBqps: absolute weighted voltage level measured according to ITU-R Recommendation 468-4 [4] in
sound-programme transmission.
manufacturer: The legal entity responsible for placing the product on the market.
port: A particular interface of the specified equipment (apparatus) with the external electromagnetic
environment.
switching range: The maximum frequency over which the VHF FM sound broadcasting Transmitter can
be operated without change of components or re-alignment.
VHF FM Sound Broadcasting Transmitter (VHF/FM Tx): An active device that, when connected to an
antenna, radiates a Frequency Modulated (FM) signal in the frequency band 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz.
A VHF/FM Tx is intended to be used at a fixed location and therefore is defined as a fixed equipment.
A VHF/FM Tx includes the following categories of equipment:
- a) transmitter: a VHF/FM Tx which consists a base-band fed FM modulator, (exciter),
optionally followed by stages of Radio Frequency (RF) amplification. The
baseband input may take the form of audio, multiplex, or a digitally-coded
signal;
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
- b) transposer: a VHF/FM Tx which receives an input signal off-air, and re-broadcasts the
same signal on a different frequency;
- c) active deflector: a VHF/FM Tx which receives an input signal off-air, and re-broadcasts the
same signal on the same frequency;
- d) RF power amplifier: a VHF/FM Tx which comprises an amplifier declared by the manufacturer
to be capable of being connected to a radiating antenna system.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment under Test
FM Frequency Modulation
ISM Industrial, Scientific And Medical
LISN Line Impedance Stabilizing Network
RDS Radio Data System
RF Radio Frequency
rms root mean squared
Tx Transmitter
VHF Very High Frequency
4 General test conditions
4.1 Test conditions
The equipment shall be tested under normal test conditions contained in the relevant product and basic
standards or in the information accompanying the equipment, which are within the manufacturer's
declared range of humidity, temperature and supply voltage.
The test conditions shall be in accordance with IEC 244-1 [3] unless otherwise stated, and shall be
recorded in the test report.
The test configuration shall be as close to normal intended use as possible and shall be recorded in the
test report.
For immunity tests, the output of the VHF/FM Tx shall be monitored as specified in this ETS, subclauses
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 shall apply and the conditions shall be as follows:
- the VHF/FM Tx shall be operated at its declared normal maximum output power modulated with a
suitable test signal (see subclause 4.2);
- for transposers, RF power amplifiers and active deflectors the wanted RF input signal shall be
coupled to the RF input port.
4.2 Arrangements for test signals at the input of the VHF/FM Tx
Any unused baseband input ports shall be terminated according to the manufacturer's instructions.
For the purpose of these tests, no audio modulation is applied to the VHF/FM Tx (quiet channel).
If a VHF/FM Tx incorporates baseband processing and/or coding equipment (e.g. stereo encoder, limiter,
Radio Data System (RDS) encoder), this equipment shall be active as in normal operation.
In the case of transposers and active deflectors, the wanted RF input signal shall be set to a level of
-27 dBm, and at a frequency determined from the manufacturers' specifications.
In the case of RF power amplifiers, the input shall be delivered from an external exciter provided by the
manufacturer. The exciter shall be placed outside the test environment.
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
4.3 Arrangements for test signals at the output of the VHF/FM Tx
The VHF/FM Tx RF output port shall be connected to a precision 50 Ω load as defined in IEC 244-13 [14]
through a coaxial feeder and a calibrated directional coupler.
The test arrangements to determine the performance of the VHF/FM Tx shall be according to figure 1.
The noise meter according to ITU-R Recommendation 468 [4] shall be placed in the weighted mode. The
modulation analyser shall be set to 50 μs de-emphasis.
The input of the modulation analyser shall initially be coupled to a signal generator, modulated with a
1 kHz sinusoidal audio signal, at a peak deviation of 32 kHz, to establish a 0 dB reference for the
measurements.
The modulation analyser shall then be coupled to the RF output port of the VHF/FM Tx through a
directional coupler and adequate RF attenuation for the actual measurements, as used for the
performance criteria, table 1 (subclause 6.1).
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
Input arrangement:
baseband-fed transmitters
fc
All ports terminated
RF output
in accordance with
port
FM
Manufacturer's
instructions
calibrated
EUT
directional
coupler
audio/mpx
input(s)
co-axial feeder
50Ω
Input arrangement:
-20 to -50dB
transposers, active deflectors and
RF amplifiers
50 precision load
Ω
SW1 (IEC 244-13 Clause 4) [14]
power
fc
All ports terminated
meter
in accordance with
FM
Manufacturer's
instructions
FM
signal
RF signal
generator
EUT
generator
SW2
or exciter
Frequency set to
fc, modulation
modulation
RF input
1 kHz sinusoidal tone @
EUT input level: analyser
port
32 kHz peak deviation
with 50
μs
1. -27dBm for transposers
de-emphasis
and active deflectors
2. according to manufacturer's
instructions for power amplifiers
Audio band-pass filter 50Hz - 15kHz
This filter shall have a cut-off rate
≥ 60dB per octave above 15kHz and
40dB attenuation at 19kHz
≥
Procedure: Set 0 dBu output level
for 32 kHz peak deviation
1. SW1/2 position 1: set EUT nominal output power;
reference level
set 0 dBu reference level for noise m eter
2. SW1/2 position 2: measure EUT
noise
(ITU-R Rec. 468-4) [4]
meter
Figure 1: Example arrangement of test equipment to determine the performance criteria of
VHF/FM Tx
4.4 Transmitter and RF power amplifier exclusion band
The exclusion band for transmitters and/or power amplifiers extends from f - 300 kHz to f + 300 kHz,
c c
where f is the operating frequency.
c
4.5 Active deflector exclusion band
The exclusion band for active deflectors is the frequency range determined by the switching range of the
receiver, as declared by the manufacturer, extended as follows:
- the lower frequency of the exclusion band is the frequency range determined by the switching
range, minus 5 % of the centre frequency of the switching range;
- the upper frequency of the exclusion band is the frequency range determined by the switching
range, plus 5 % of the centre frequency of the switching range;
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
- in the case of an active deflector operating on a single frequency that cannot be changed by the
user, the exclusion band extends from -5 % to +5 % of the fixed frequency.
4.6 Transposer exclusion band
The transposer exclusion band shall comprise both the exclusion bands of subclause 4.4 and
subclause 4.5.
4.7 Narrow band responses of transposers and active deflectors
Responses occurring during the testing of Transposers and Active Deflectors at discrete frequencies are
narrow band responses (spurious responses), and are identified by the following method:
If, during the test, an unwanted signal causes degradation of performance of the output resulting from the
wanted signal, it is necessary to establish whether the degradation of performance is due to a narrow
band response or to a wide band phenomenon. Therefore, the unwanted signal frequency shall be
increased by an amount equal to twice the bandwidth of the IF filter (or RF filter if no IF is used), as
declared by the manufacturer. The test shall be repeated with the frequency of the unwanted signal
decreased by the same amount.
If the degradation of performance disappears, then the response is considered as a narrow band
response.
If the degradation of performance does not disappear, this may be due to the fact that the offset has made
the frequency of the unwanted signal correspond to the frequency of another narrow band response.
Under these circumstances, the method above is repeated with the increase and decrease of the
frequency of the unwanted signal adjusted to two and a half times the bandwidth referred to. If the
degradation does not now disappear, the phenomenon is considered wide band and therefore an EMC
problem, and the equipment fails the test.
Narrow band responses in transposers and active deflectors are disregarded.
5 Performance assessment
5.1 General
The manufacturer shall, at the time of submission of the equipment for test, declare the following
information:
- whether the Equipment under Test (EUT) is intended for installation in a residential, commercial,
and light industrial environment or intended to be installed at a remote site;
- the intended functions of the EUT which shall be in accordance with the documentation
accompanying the equipment;
- the ancillary equipment and/or host equipment to be used with the radio equipment for testing and
the method of connection;
- the user-control functions and stored data that are required for normal operation and the method to
be used to assess whether these have been lost after EMC stress;
- an exhaustive list of ports, classified as either power or signal/control. Power ports shall further be
classified as AC or DC power;
- the instruction books and block diagrams of the VHF/FM Tx and/or ancillary equipment;
- the nominal characteristics of the VHF/FM Tx such as power, frequency and switching range;
- the frequencies as used in the VHF/FM Tx for oscillators, clocks and intermediate frequencies;
- the bandwidth of the IF filter, or the bandwidth of the RF filter if no IF filter is fitted.
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ETS 300 447: March 1997
This information shall be recorded in the test report.
5.2 Equipment for which the output signal can be monitored
If the category of the VHF/FM Tx, or combination of VHF/FM Tx with ancillary equipment permits the
output signal to be monitored, the test modulation, test arrangements etc. given in clause 4 shall apply.
5.3 Ancillary equipment
At the manufacturer's discretion, an ancillary equipment may be:
- declared compliant separately from a VHF/FM Tx to all the applicable immunity and emission
clauses of this ETS;
- declared compliant to another appropriate harmonized EMC standard;
- tested with it connected to a VHF/FM Tx, in which case compliance shall be demonstrated to the
appropriate clauses of this ETS.
In each case, compliance enables the ancillary equipment to be used with other compatible transmitters.
5.4 Equipment for which the output signal ca
...