SIST EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1:2003

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
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ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Avalanche Beacons;
Transmitter-receiver systems; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 300 718-1 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
13.200 3UHSUHþHYDQMHQHVUHþLQ Accident and disaster control
NDWDVWURI
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Avalanche Beacons;
Transmitter-receiver systems;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

2 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
Reference
REN/ERM-RP08-0409-1
Keywords
Radio, safety, SAR, testing
ETSI
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2001.
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights .6
Foreword.6
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations. 8
3.3 Symbols . 8
4 General.8
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing. 8
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design. 8
4.2.1 General. 8
4.2.2 Controls and indicators. 9
4.2.3 Maintaining the transmit mode. 9
4.2.4 Battery type . 9
4.2.5 Operating time. 9
4.2.6 Battery check. 9
4.2.7 Carrying system. 9
4.2.8 Operating Frequency. 9
4.2.9 Operating instructions . 9
4.2.10 Short form operating instructions. 10
4.2.11 Operating and storage temperatures. 10
4.3 Interpretation of the measurement results. 10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .10
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 10
5.2 External test power source. 10
5.3 Normal test conditions. 11
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 11
5.3.2 Normal test voltage. 11
5.4 Extreme test conditions. 11
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures. 11
5.5 Extreme test voltages. 11
5.5.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 11
6 General conditions.12
6.1 Normal test signals. 12
6.2 Test fixture. 12
6.3 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 12
6.4 Measuring receiver. 12
7 Environmental tests .13
7.1 Procedure. 13
7.2 Drop test on hard surface. 13
7.2.1 Definition . 13
7.2.2 Method of measurement. 13
7.2.3 Requirements. 13
7.3 Temperature tests . 13
7.3.1 General. 13
7.3.2 Dry heat cycle. 13
7.3.3 Low temperature cycle. 14
7.3.4 Requirements. 14
7.4 Immersion test. 14
7.4.1 Method of measurement. 14
7.4.2 Requirements. 14
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4 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
7.5 Solar radiation. 14
7.5.1 Method of measurement. 14
7.5.2 Requirements. 14
7.6 Tensile test. 15
7.6.1 Method of measurement. 15
7.6.2 Requirements. 15
8 Transmitter parameters .15
8.1 Modulation and carrier keying. 15
8.1.1 Definition . 15
8.1.2 Method of measurement. 15
8.1.3 Limits. 15
8.2 Frequency error. 16
8.2.1 Definition . 16
8.2.2 Method of measurement. 16
8.2.3 Limits. 16
8.3 Output field strength (H-field) . 16
8.3.1 Definition . 16
8.3.2 Method of measurement. 16
8.3.3 Limits. 16
8.3.3.1 Minimum transmitted field. 16
8.3.3.2 Maximum transmitted field. 17
8.4 Transmitter spurious emissions. 17
8.4.1 Definition . 17
8.4.2 Radiated H-field. 17
8.4.2.1 Method of measurement (< 30 MHz) .17
8.4.2.2 Limits. 17
8.4.3 Effective radiated power . 17
8.4.3.1 Method of measurement (≥ 30 MHz). 17
8.4.3.2 Limits. 18
9 Receiver parameters.18
9.1 Receiver sensitivity . 18
9.1.1 Definition . 18
9.1.2 Method of measurement. 19
9.1.3 Limits. 19
9.2 Changes in the received signal. 19
9.2.1 Definition . 19
9.2.2 Requirement . 19
9.3 Receiver spurious emissions . 19
9.3.1 Definition . 19
9.3.2 Radiated H-field. 19
9.3.2.1 Method of measurement (< 30 MHz) .19
9.3.2.2 Limits. 20
9.3.3 Effective radiated power . 20
9.3.3.1 Method of measurement (≥ 30 MHz). 20
9.3.3.2 Limits. 21
10 Measurement uncertainty.21
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements.22
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .22
A.1.1 Outdoor test site . 22
A.1.1.1 Standard position . 22
A.1.2 Test antenna. 23
A.1.2.1 Below 30 MHz. 23
A.1.2.2 Above 30 MHz . 23
A.1.3 Substitution antenna . 23
A.1.4 Optional additional indoor site. 24
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .25
A.2.1 Measuring distance. 25
A.2.2 Test antenna. 25
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A.2.3 Substitution antenna . 25
A.2.4 Artificial antenna. 25
A.2.5 Auxiliary cables . 25
A.3 Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber .26
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber. 26
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 26
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber. 27
Annex B (normative): Spurious limits, radiated H-field at 10 m distances .29
Annex C (normative): Simulated solar radiation source.30
Annex D (informative): E-fields in the near field at low frequencies .31
Annex E (normative): H-field limit correction factor for generated E-fields .33
History .34
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6 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://www.etsi.org/ipr).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non-EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Avalanche Beacons; Transmitter-receiver
systems, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive";
Part 3: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.3e of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 18 May 2001
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 August 2001
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 28 February 2002
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 28 February 2002
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7 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
1 Scope
The present document covers requirements for avalanche beacons. Avalanche beacons are portable radio systems used
for locating avalanche victims, for the purpose of direct rescue, i.e. for rescue by comrades not buried by the avalanche.
These systems comprise a transmitter as well as a receiver part operating at 457 kHz.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
[1] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[2] ETSI ETR 028: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement of
mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods;
Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[4] ITU Radio Regulations (1998), Appendix S1 "Classification of emissions and necessary
bandwidths".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in the R&TTE Directive [1], and the
following apply.
environmental profile: range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of the present
document is required to comply with the provisions of the present document
artificial antenna: tuned reduced-radiating dummy load equal to the nominal impedance specified by the applicant
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct connection to the equipment under test
E-field: electric component of the field measured as voltage per unit length
H-field: magnetic component of the field measured as current per unit length
H-field test antenna: electrically screened loop or equivalent antenna, with which the magnetic component of the field
can be measured
integral antenna: antenna designed as an indispensable part of the equipment, with or without the use of an antenna
connector
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8 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
(S + N)/N: ratio, expressed in Decibels, between the sum of the wanted signal plus the noise floor and the noise floor
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
3.3 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
A1A Class of emission (ITU Radio Regulations [4])
E Electrical field strength
Eo Reference electrical field strength, (see annex A)
f Frequency
H Magnetic field strength
Ho Reference magnetic field strength, (see annex A)
NNewton
PPower
R Distance
Ro Reference distance, (see annex A)
tTime
Z Wave impedance
l Wavelength (see annex A)
4 General
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing
The applicant shall supply all relevant ancillary equipment needed for testing.
The applicant should also supply an operating manual for the device(s).
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
4.2.1 General
The equipment shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice, and with
the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitter and receiver shall be combined in one unit and be capable of being attached to the user's body.
The equipment shall be portable and capable of being used for rescue operations, caused by avalanche, between persons
that are in snowy, arctic areas or in similar areas.
The equipment shall in one unit comprise at least:
• an transmitter/receiver including antenna and battery;
• a control unit including an on/off switch; and
• a means for conveying information about the received signals to the user.
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9 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
4.2.2 Controls and indicators
The equipment shall have the following controls:
• on/off switch for the equipment with a visual indication that the equipment is switched on;
• a mean for conveying information about the received signals to the user; and
• a battery check feature.
4.2.3 Maintaining the transmit mode
A safety feature against involuntary or accidental leaving of the transmit mode shall be provided in the equipment.
4.2.4 Battery type
The equipment shall use a widely obtained battery type.
4.2.5 Operating time
With a set of batteries as recommended by the applicant, the equipment shall be capable of at least 200 hours of
transmitting at a temperature of +10°C and subsequent receiving for 1 hour at a temperature of -10°C, in compliance
with the requirements as stated in clauses 8.3 and 9.1.
4.2.6 Battery check
The equipment shall include a battery check feature. A positive check shall indicate the capability of at least 20 hours of
transmitting at a temperature of +10°C and subsequent receiving for 1 hour at a temperature of -10°C, in compliance
with the requirements as stated in clauses 8.3 and 9.1.
4.2.7 Carrying system
The equipment shall include a carrying system that gives the possibility for easy operation and safe placing. The
carrying system can be a part of the equipment or an accessory device. The carrying system shall have a joint tensile
strength of at least 50 N.
4.2.8 Operating Frequency
The equipment shall operate at the nominal frequency of 457 kHz in the transmit as well as in the receive mode.
4.2.9 Operating instructions
Operating instructions shall be delivered with every equipment. They shall cover the following subjects:
a) a statement on avalanche danger;
b) instruction for checking the battery, transmitter and receiver performance and range;
c) instructions for turning on the transmitter and strapping the beacon to the body;
d) instructions for changing to the receive mode and the search strategy (coarse search and fine search);
e) instructions for changing back to the transmit mode, in particular in the case of secondary avalanche;
f) a statement on the temperature sensitivity of essential parts;
g) a statement on the battery lifetime;
h) device-specific measures on a tour.
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10 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
4.2.10 Short form operating instructions
A short form of the operating instructions shall be printed onto the case. The printing shall be clearly visible and
abrasion proof. Also, the proper positioning of the batteries shall be indicated.
4.2.11 Operating and storage temperatures
The equipment shall be able to operate correctly in the temperature range from -20 to +45°C and shall be stored without
damage in the temperature range from -25 to +70°C.
4.3 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded in the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be separately included in the test
report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainly shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than the
figures in the table of measurement uncertainty in clause 10.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Type testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During type tests, the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by an external test power source capable of
producing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the
external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the
tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment.
The non-grounded terminal of the batteries shall be disconnected, but batteries shall be left in place. The external test
power source shall be suitably de-coupled and applied as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. The
power leads shall be as short as practicable and properly dressed. For radiated measurements fully charged internal
batteries should be used. The batteries used should be as supplied or recommended by the applicant.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test.
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11 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15°C to +35°C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test voltage
The normal test voltage shall be declared by the applicant. The values shall be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
The extreme operating and storage temperatures used for the tests shall be those declared by the manufacturer for the
equipment.
5.5 Extreme test voltages
The extreme test voltages shall be declared by the applicant.
5.5.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber.
The equipment shall be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
In the case of equipment containing temperature stabilization circuits designed to operate continuously, the temperature
stabilization circuits shall be switched on for 15 minutes after thermal balance has been obtained, and the equipment
shall then meet the specified requirements.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
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12 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
6 General conditions
6.1 Normal test signals
Tests on the transmitter shall be performed with the equipment switched on in the normal transmit mode.
For tests on the receiver, the test signal shall be an A1A signal modulated as indicated in clause 8.1.
6.2 Test fixture
A test fixture may be supplied by the applicant to enable extreme temperature measurements to be made, where
applicable. The test fixture shall couple to the generated electromagnetic field from the equipment under test without
disturbing the operation of the said device. The test fixture shall be provided with a 50 Ω standard connector, where the
generated field can be sampled.
The test laboratory shall calibrate the test fixture by carrying out the required field measurements at normal
temperatures at the prescribed test site and then by repeating the same measurements on the equipment under test using
the test fixture for all identified frequency components.
The test fixture is only required for extreme temperature measurements and shall be calibrated only with the equipment
under test.
6.3 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated
measurements
For guidance on radiation test sites and detailed descriptions of radiated measurement arrangements, see annex A.
6.4 Measuring receiver
The term "measuring receiver" refers to a selective voltmeter or a spectrum analyser. The bandwidth of the measuring
receiver shall be according to CISPR 16-1 [3]. The quasi-peak detector for the measuring receiver shall be applied, see
table 1.
Table 1
Frequency (f) Detector type Bandwidth
9kHz ≤ f < 150 kHz Quasi-peak 200 Hz to 300 Hz
150 kHz ≤ f < 30 MHz Quasi-peak 9 kHz to 10 kHz
30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 000 MHz Quasi-peak 100 kHz to 120 kHz
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13 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
7 Environmental tests
7.1 Procedure
Environmental tests shall be carried out before tests of the same equipment in respect to the other requirements of the
present document are performed. The following tests shall be carried out in the order they appear in this clause.
Where electrical tests are required the equipment shall be powered by its internal battery.
7.2 Drop test on hard surface
7.2.1 Definition
The immunity against the effects of dropping is the ability of the equipment to maintain the specified mechanical and
electrical performance after being subjected to a series of drops on a hard wooden test surface.
7.2.2 Method of measurement
The test shall consist of a series of 6 drops, one on each surface.
During the test the equipment shall be fitted with a suitable set of batteries and it shall be switched on in transmit mode.
The test shall be carried out under normal temperature and humidity conditions.
The hard wooden test surface shall consist of a piece of solid hard wood with a minimum thickness of 15 cm and a mass
of 30 kg or more.
The height of the lowest part of the equipment under test relative to the test surface at the moment of release shall be
1m.
Equipment shall be subjected to the present document configured for use as in operational circumstances.
7.2.3 Requirements
After the test, the equipment shall be fully operational in both the transmit and the receive modes. The requirement shall
be checked by interacting with another sample of the same equipment to form a transmitter - receiver pair.
7.3 Temperature tests
7.3.1 General
The maximum rate of raising or reducing the temperature of the chamber in which the equipment is being tested shall
be 1°C/minute.
7.3.2 Dry heat cycle
The equipment shall be placed in a chamber of normal temperature. The temperature shall then be raised to and
maintained at the upper extreme storage temperature (±3°C) for a period of at least 10 hours. After this period any
climatic control device provided in the equipment may be switched on and the chamber cooled to the upper extreme
operating temperature (±3°C). The cooling of the chamber shall be completed within 30 minutes. The equipment shall
then be switched on and shall be kept working continuously in transmitting mode for a period of two hours.
The temperature of the chamber shall be maintained at the upper extreme operating temperature (±3°C) during the two
hour period.
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14 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
At the end of the test, and with the equipment still in the chamber, the chamber shall be brought to room temperature in
not less than one hour. The equipment shall then be exposed to normal room temperature and humidity for not less than
three hours before the next test is carried out.
7.3.3 Low temperature cycle
The equipment shall be placed in a chamber at normal room temperature. Then the temperature shall be reduced to, and
maintained at, the lower extreme storage temperature (±3°C) for a period of at least 10 hours.
The chamber shall be warmed to the lower extreme operating temperature (±3°C). The warming of the chamber shall be
completed within 30 (±5) minutes. The equipment shall then be switched on and shall be kept working continuously in
transmitting mode for a period of two hours.
The temperature of the chamber shall be then maintained at the lower extreme operating temperature (±3°C) during the
two hour period.
At the end of the test, and with the equipment still in the chamber, the chamber shall be brought to room temperature in
not less than one hour. The equipment shall then be exposed to normal room temperature for not less than three hours,
or until moisture has dispersed, which ever is longer, before the next test is carried out.
7.3.4 Requirements
After the dry heat and the low temperature cycles, the equipment shall be fully operational in both the transmit and the
receive modes. The requirement shall be checked by interacting with another sample of the same equipment to form a
transmitter - receiver pair.
7.4 Immersion test
7.4.1 Method of measurement
The equipment shall be immersed into water for one hour in a horizontal position at a depth of 15 cm. The equipment
and the water shall both be at room temperature. The device shall be transmitting while immersed.
7.4.2 Requirements
The equipment shall be able to transmit during and after immersion. The requirement shall be checked by interacting
with another sample of the same equipment to form a transmitter - receiver pair.
7.5 Solar radiation
7.5.1 Method of measurement
The equipment shall be placed on a suitable support and exposed continuously to a simulated solar radiation source as
specified in annex C for 80 hours.
7.5.2 Requirements
There shall be no harmful deterioration of the equipment visible to the naked eye. After the test, the equipment shall be
fully operational in both the transmit and the receive modes. The requirement shall be checked by interacting with
another sample of the same equipment to form a transmitter - receiver pair.
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15 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
7.6 Tensile test
7.6.1 Method of measurement
All joints between essential parts of the equipment shall be submitted to a tensile stress of at least 10 N by suitable
means.
7.6.2 Requirements
No damage shall be visible to the naked eye. After the test, the equipment shall be fully operational in both the transmit
and the receive modes. The requirement shall be checked by interacting with another sample of the same equipment to
form a transmitter - receiver pair.
8 Transmitter parameters
8.1 Modulation and carrier keying
8.1.1 Definition
The modulation is the method for generating the RF carrier. The carrier keying defines the on and off times for a
non-continuous carrier.
8.1.2 Method of measurement
The carrier keying shall be measured by means of an oscilloscope connected to a suitable coil antenna. The
measurements shall be done under normal as well as under extreme test conditions.
8.1.3 Limits
The modulation shall be of type A1A, i. e. double sideband amplitude modulation with no modulating auxiliary carrier,
as used for telegraphy.
Thecarrier keying shallbe(seefigure1):
• on time: 70 ms minimum;
• off time: 400 ms minimum;
• period: 1 000 ms ± 300 ms (on time plus off time).
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16 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
1 000 ± 300 ms
status
≥≥≥≥ 70 ms
≥≥≥≥ 400 ms
on
time
off
Figure 1
8.2 Frequency error
8.2.1 Definition
The frequency error of the transmitter system is the difference between the measured carrier frequency and the nominal
carrier frequency.
8.2.2 Method of measurement
The carrier frequency shall be measured by means of a test fixture (see clause 6.2). The measurements shall be done
under normal as well as under extreme test conditions.
8.2.3 Limits
The frequency error shall not exceed ±80 Hz at 457 kHz.
8.3 Output field strength (H-field)
8.3.1 Definition
The H-field is measured in the direction of maximum field strength under specified conditions of measurement.
8.3.2 Method of measurement
The H-field produced by the equipment shall be measured on the axis of the transmitting antenna at distances of 10 m
on an outdoor test site (see annex A).
8.3.3 Limits
8.3.3.1 Minimum transmitted field
The minimum transmitted field strength at 457 kHz shall not be lower than -6 dBμA/m (0,5 μA/m) at a distance of
10 m.
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17 ETSI EN 300 718-1 V1.2.1 (2001-05)
8.3.3.2 Maximum transmitted field
The maximum transmitted field strength at 457 kHz shall not exceed 7 dBμA/m (2,23 μA/m) at a distance of 10 m.
8.4 Transmitter spurious emissions
8.4.1 Definition
Spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies other than those of the carrier and sidebands associated with normal
modulation. The level of spurious emissions sh
...