SIST EN 14972-1:2021+A1:2025
(Main + Amendment)Fixed firefighting systems - Water mist systems - Part 1: Design, installation, inspection and maintenance
Fixed firefighting systems - Water mist systems - Part 1: Design, installation, inspection and maintenance
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, installation, inspection and maintenance of all types of fixed land based water mist systems.
This document is intended to apply to water mist automatic nozzle systems and water mist deluge systems supplied by stand alone or pumped systems.
The document covers only applications and occupancies which are covered by the fire test protocols of the EN 14972 series.
Aspects of water mist associated with explosion protection and/or use within vehicles are not covered by this document.
This document does not cover all legislative requirements. In certain countries specific national regulations apply and take precedence over this document. Users of this document are advised to inform themselves of the applicability or non-applicability for this document by their national responsible authorities.
Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - Wassernebelsysteme - Teil 1: Planung, Einbau, Inspektion und Wartung
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an die Planung, Errichtung, Prüfung und Instandhaltung aller Arten von ortsfesten Wassernebelsystemen fest.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für Wassernebelsysteme mit automatischen Düsen und für Wassernebelsysteme mit offenen Düsen, die von einem eigenständigen System oder Pumpensystemen versorgt werden.
Das Dokument berücksichtigt nur Anwendungen und Belegungen, die durch die Brandprüfungsprotokolle der Normenreihe EN 14972 abgedeckt sind.
Aspekte von Wassernebel, die den Explosionsschutz und/oder die Verwendung innerhalb von Fahrzeugen betreffen, liegen außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs dieses Dokuments.
Dieses Dokument deckt nicht alle gesetzlichen Anforderungen ab. In manchen Ländern gelten spezifische nationale Richtlinien, die Vorrang vor diesem Dokument haben. Anwendern dieses Dokuments wird geraten, sich über die Anwendbarkeit oder Nichtanwendbarkeit dieses Dokuments durch ihre nationalen zuständigen Stellen zu informieren.
Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes à brouillard d'eau - Partie 1 : Conception, installation, inspection et maintenance
Le présent document spécifie les exigences et donne des recommandations relatives à la conception, à l’installation, à l’inspection et à la maintenance de tous les types de systèmes fixes à brouillard d’eau terrestres.
Le présent document est applicable aux systèmes à brouillard d’eau à buses automatiques et aux systèmes à brouillard d’eau de type déluge alimentés par des systèmes autonomes ou avec pompes.
Le présent document traite uniquement des applications et affectations couvertes par les protocoles d’essai au feu de la série de normes EN 14972.
Les aspects du brouillard d’eau associés à la protection contre l’explosion et/ou une utilisation à l’intérieur des véhicules ne sont pas couverts par le présent document.
Le présent document ne traite pas des exigences légales. Dans certains pays, des réglementations nationales spécifiques s’appliquent et prévalent sur le présent document. Il est conseillé aux utilisateurs du présent document de s’informer auprès des autorités nationales responsables de l’applicabilité ou de la non-applicabilité du présent document.
Vgrajeni gasilni sistemi - Sistemi s pršečo vodo - 1. del: Načrtovanje, vgradnja, pregled in vzdrževanje
Ta dokument določa zahteve in podaja priporočila za načrtovanje, vgradnjo, pregled in vzdrževanje vseh vrst vgrajenih kopenskih sistemov s pršečo vodo. Uporablja se za sisteme s pršečo vodo z avtomatskimi šobami in poplavne sisteme s pršečo vodo, ki se napajajo prek samostojnih sistemov ali sistemov črpalk. Dokument obravnava le načine uporabe in prostore, ki so zajeti v protokolih požarnih preskusov iz skupine standardov EN 14972. Vidiki pršeče vode, povezani z zaščito pred eksplozijami in/ali uporabo v vozilih, niso obravnavani v tem dokumentu. V tem dokumentu niso obravnavane vse zakonodajne zahteve. V nekaterih državah veljajo posebni nacionalni predpisi, ki imajo prednost pred tem dokumentom. Priporočljivo je, da se uporabniki tega dokumenta pri svojih nacionalnih odgovornih organih seznanijo z uporabnostjo oziroma neuporabnostjo tega dokumenta.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 09-Jun-2025
- Technical Committee
- POZ - Požarna varnost
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 29-May-2025
- Due Date
- 03-Aug-2025
- Completion Date
- 10-Jun-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2025
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2025
Overview
SIST EN 14972-1:2021+A1:2025 - Fixed firefighting systems - Water mist systems - Part 1: Design, installation, inspection and maintenance - is the European (SIST) adoption of the EN 14972 series. It sets out requirements and recommendations for the design, installation, inspection and maintenance of land‑based fixed water mist systems, including both automatic nozzle systems and deluge systems supplied by pumped or stand‑alone arrangements. The standard applies only to applications covered by the EN 14972 fire test protocols and excludes explosion protection and vehicle installations. National regulations may take precedence; users should confirm applicability with national authorities.
Key topics and technical requirements
The standard addresses the lifecycle of water mist systems with technical detail and practical requirements, including:
- Design principles and the need for full‑scale fire testing in accordance with the EN 14972 series
- Preparation and content of a Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance (DIOM) manual
- Scope for automatic nozzle systems and deluge systems, including local application, volume protection and zoned protection
- Hydraulic and pneumatic calculations, flow requirements and discharge operating times
- Water, propellant and atomizing gas supply design, connection to mains, availability and housing of equipment
- Nozzle selection and positioning, material reaction, and permitted exceptions within buildings
- Fire detection and alarm systems that activate water mist, detection continuity and strategies to avoid false discharges
- Installation requirements for pipes, valves, strainers, filters, pressure gauges and protection against mechanical damage, corrosion, freezing and seismic effects
- Inspection and maintenance routines and documentation to ensure system reliability over its service life
Practical applications and who uses this standard
SIST EN 14972-1 is essential for professionals involved in fire protection and fixed firefighting systems:
- Fire protection engineers and consultants designing water mist systems
- System manufacturers and nozzle suppliers developing compliant products
- Installers and commissioning teams performing hydraulic testing and handover documentation
- Inspection and maintenance contractors executing periodic checks and servicing
- Building owners, facility managers, insurers and authorities having jurisdiction assessing compliance and suitability
The standard is particularly relevant where water mist is selected for compartment protection, machinery spaces, heritage buildings, or where water conservation and reduced collateral damage are priorities.
Related standards and regulatory notes
- Part of the EN 14972 series (fire test protocols and performance criteria)
- National regulations or codes may supersede or complement this standard; always verify local legal requirements and approvals with competent authorities.
Keywords: SIST EN 14972-1, water mist systems, fixed firefighting systems, design installation inspection maintenance, water mist automatic nozzle systems, deluge systems, fire protection, firefighting standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 14972-1:2021+A1:2025 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Fixed firefighting systems - Water mist systems - Part 1: Design, installation, inspection and maintenance". This standard covers: This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, installation, inspection and maintenance of all types of fixed land based water mist systems. This document is intended to apply to water mist automatic nozzle systems and water mist deluge systems supplied by stand alone or pumped systems. The document covers only applications and occupancies which are covered by the fire test protocols of the EN 14972 series. Aspects of water mist associated with explosion protection and/or use within vehicles are not covered by this document. This document does not cover all legislative requirements. In certain countries specific national regulations apply and take precedence over this document. Users of this document are advised to inform themselves of the applicability or non-applicability for this document by their national responsible authorities.
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, installation, inspection and maintenance of all types of fixed land based water mist systems. This document is intended to apply to water mist automatic nozzle systems and water mist deluge systems supplied by stand alone or pumped systems. The document covers only applications and occupancies which are covered by the fire test protocols of the EN 14972 series. Aspects of water mist associated with explosion protection and/or use within vehicles are not covered by this document. This document does not cover all legislative requirements. In certain countries specific national regulations apply and take precedence over this document. Users of this document are advised to inform themselves of the applicability or non-applicability for this document by their national responsible authorities.
SIST EN 14972-1:2021+A1:2025 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.220.10 - Fire-fighting; 13.220.20 - Fire protection. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 14972-1:2021+A1:2025 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 14972-1:2021/kFprA1:2025, SIST EN 14972-1:2021. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase SIST EN 14972-1:2021+A1:2025 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2025
Vgrajeni gasilni sistemi - Sistemi s pršečo vodo - 1. del: Načrtovanje, vgradnja,
pregled in vzdrževanje
Fixed firefighting systems - Water mist systems - Part 1: Design, installation, inspection
and maintenance
Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - Wassernebelsysteme - Teil 1: Planung, Einbau,
Inspektion und Wartung
Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes à brouillard d'eau - Partie 1 :
Conception, installation, inspection et maintenance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14972-1:2020+A1:2025
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
13.220.20 Požarna zaščita Fire protection
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 14972-1:2020+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.20 Supersedes EN 14972-1:2020
English Version
Fixed firefighting systems - Water mist systems - Part 1:
Design, installation, inspection and maintenance
Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen -
à brouillard d'eau - Partie 1 : Conception, installation, Wassernebelsysteme - Teil 1: Planung, Einbau,
inspection et maintenance Inspektion und Wartung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2020 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 7 April
2025.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14972-1:2020+A1:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 9
Introduction . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 13
3.1 Terms and definitions . 13
3.2 Abbreviations . 20
4 Design . 20
4.1 Design principal . 20
4.1.1 General . 20
4.1.2 General requirement . 20
4.1.3 Full scale fire testing procedures . 20
4.2 Design, installation, operation and maintenance manual . 21
4.2.1 General . 21
4.2.2 Content of the DIOM manual . 21
4.3 Water mist systems using gas for their operation . 23
4.4 Use of additives . 23
4.5 Design parameters . 23
4.6 Water and gas supply . 23
4.6.1 Pumped systems requirements . 23
4.6.2 Self-contained systems requirements . 23
4.7 Compartment protection . 23
4.7.1 General . 23
4.7.2 Compartment . 23
4.7.3 Fire hazard . 24
4.7.4 Design requirements . 24
4.8 Requirements for different types of water mist deluge systems . 24
4.8.1 Local application systems . 24
4.8.2 Local application systems with multiple hazards . 24
4.8.3 Volume protection water mist systems . 24
4.8.4 Zoned protection systems . 24
4.8.5 Activation and control . 24
4.9 Design of water mist automatic nozzle systems . 25
4.9.1 Extent of protection . 25
4.9.2 Permitted exceptions within a building. 25
4.9.3 Material reaction . 25
4.9.4 System design . 25
4.9.5 Nozzle selection and positioning . 30
4.9.6 Alarm device . 30
4.9.7 Test connection . 30
4.9.8 Air velocity and openings . 30
4.10 Design of water mist deluge system . 31
4.10.1 Nozzle selection and positioning . 31
4.10.2 Air velocity and openings . 31
4.10.3 Automatic shut-down . 31
4.11 Fire detection and fire alarm systems activating the water mist system . 31
4.11.1 General requirements . 31
4.11.2 Fire detection and fire alarm systems continuity . 31
4.11.3 Avoiding false alarms by water mist discharge . 32
4.11.4 Manual activation . 32
4.11.5 Electrical detection and activation . 32
4.11.6 Non-electrical detection . 33
4.12 Hydraulic and pneumatic calculations . 33
4.13 Water, propellant and atomizing gas supply design . 33
4.13.1 General . 33
4.13.2 Connection to public or town mains . 33
4.13.3 Flow requirement . 34
4.13.4 Maximum and minimum water pressure . 34
4.13.5 Discharge operating time . 34
4.13.6 Type of water supply . 36
4.13.7 Availability . 36
4.13.8 Housing of equipment for water supplies . 40
5 Installation . 40
5.1 General . 40
5.1.1 DIOM manual . 40
5.1.2 Electrical safety . 40
5.1.3 High Voltage live electrical equipment . 41
5.1.4 Electrical clearances . 41
5.2 Nozzle . 41
5.2.1 General . 41
5.2.2 Automatic nozzle . 42
5.2.3 Open nozzle . 42
5.3 Pipe . 43
5.3.1 General . 43
5.3.2 Protection against mechanical damages . 43
5.3.3 Protection against corrosion . 43
5.3.4 Protection in seismic areas . 43
5.3.5 Protection against freezing for wet pipes . 43
5.3.6 Accessibility of the pipe work . 43
5.3.7 Pipe bending . 43
5.3.8 Water supply pipes . 44
5.3.9 Pipe support . 44
5.3.10 Drainage . 45
5.4 Gas and water containers (where provided) . 45
5.4.1 General . 45
5.4.2 Location . 45
5.4.3 Accessibility . 45
5.4.4 Fixing . 45
5.4.5 Manifolds . 45
5.4.6 Temperature . 45
5.5 Strainers and filters . 46
5.5.1 Strainers . 46
5.5.2 Nozzle filter . 46
5.5.3 System filters . 46
5.6 Valves . 46
5.6.1 General . 46
5.6.2 Identifications . 46
5.6.3 Accessibility . 46
5.6.4 Securing and monitoring valves . 46
5.6.5 Shut-off valves . 46
5.6.6 Control valves . 46
5.6.7 Check and non-return valves . 47
5.7 Pressure gauges . 47
5.8 Test connection . 47
5.8.1 Test connection for automatic water mist systems . 47
5.8.2 Test connection for water mist deluge system . 47
5.9 Electrical installation . 47
5.9.1 Electrical power supply . 47
5.9.2 Fire detection and fire alarm system . 47
5.10 System monitoring and alarms . 47
5.10.1 General . 47
5.10.2 Alarms . 47
5.10.3 Remote signalling . 48
5.11 Water mist system supply, including additives . 48
5.11.1 General . 48
5.11.2 Water quality . 48
5.11.3 Additives . 49
5.11.4 Water supply . 49
5.11.5 Test devices . 51
6 Water mist system components . 52
6.1 General . 52
6.1.1 Requirements for components . 52
6.1.2 Pressure rating . 52
6.2 Nozzle . 52
6.3 Piping and fittings . 52
6.3.1 Pipework . 52
6.3.2 Fittings . 53
6.4 Flexible hoses . 53
6.4.1 Hose length . 53
6.4.2 Hoses to be used in areas exposed to fire class B fires . 54
6.4.3 Hose rating . 54
6.5 Pipe supports . 54
6.6 Valves. 54
6.6.1 Shut-off valves . 54
6.6.2 Pressure regulating valves . 54
6.6.3 Check and non-return valves . 54
6.6.4 Drain/fill valves . 54
6.6.5 Safety valves . 55
6.7 Control valves . 55
6.7.1 General . 55
6.7.2 Strainers and filters. 55
6.8 Flow switches and flow transmitters . 55
6.9 Pressure switches and pressure transmitters . 55
6.10 Supply components for self-contained systems . 55
6.10.1 General . 55
6.10.2 Excess pressure . 56
6.10.3 Pressure container marking . 56
6.10.4 Design temperature . 56
6.10.5 Gas cylinders and actuation valve . 56
6.10.6 Cylinders and storage containers for water . 56
7 Main pumps for water mist systems . 56
7.1 General . 56
7.2 Pump set . 56
7.2.1 Operation . 56
7.2.2 Overpressure. 56
7.2.3 Centrifugal pumps . 57
7.2.4 Positive displacement pumps . 57
7.2.5 Pump driver . 57
7.2.6 Pump Cooling . 57
7.2.7 Pump set anchoring . 57
7.2.8 Positive displacement pump filters . 57
7.2.9 Pump set coupling . 57
7.2.10 Valves and accessories . 57
7.2.11 Suction pipe . 58
7.2.12 Discharge pipe . 58
7.2.13 Pump set rating . 58
7.2.14 Pump set operation . 59
7.2.15 Electrically driven pump sets . 60
7.2.16 Diesel engine driven pump sets . 62
8 Testing, acceptance and commissioning . 66
8.1 Acceptance test for water mist systems . 66
8.2 Test criteria . 66
8.3 Site commissioning test . 67
8.4 Completion certificate and documents . 67
9 Inspection and maintenance . 67
9.1 Inspection . 67
9.1.1 Inspection schedule . 67
9.1.2 User's program of inspection . 67
9.2 Inspection and maintenance routines . 68
9.2.1 Weekly routine . 68
9.2.2 Monthly routine . 68
9.2.3 Quarterly routine. 69
9.2.4 Half-yearly routine . 69
9.2.5 Annual inspection . 70
9.2.6 Three-yearly routine . 71
9.2.7 Five-yearly routine . 71
9.2.8 Ten-yearly routine . 71
9.2.9 Maintenance schedule . 72
9.2.10 User's program of monitoring. 72
9.2.11 Training . 72
10 Documentation . 72
10.1 Installation documentation . 72
10.2 Documentation for acceptance of design, installation and commissioning . 72
Annex A (informative) Guideline for developing representative fire test protocols for water
mist systems . 74
A.1 General . 74
A.2 Evaluation of the fire hazard . 74
A.3 Evaluation of the compartment conditions . 75
A.4 Determining the performance objective . 76
A.5 Setting up the fire test procedure . 76
A.6 Carrying out the test . 78
A.7 Documentation and interpretation of test results . 78
A.8 Example for fire test report . 78
Annex B (informative) Area of operation for typical automatic nozzle water mist systems . 80
B.1 General . 80
B.2 Typical system component layouts . 80
B.2.1 System components gridded layout . 80
B.2.2 System components terminal layout . 81
B.2.3 System components looped layout . 81
B.3 AOs to be determined by full hydraulic calculation . 82
B.4 Most unfavourable and most favourable AO demands and the pump supply curve . 84
B.5 Calculating the number of nozzles and actual area of AO. 85
B.6 Method of calculating the area per nozzle . 88
B.6.1 Regular spacing . 88
B.6.2 Irregular spacing . 88
B.7 Shape of the AO . 91
B.7.1 General . 91
B.7.2 Shape of the hydraulically most unfavourable location . 91
B.7.3 Shape of the hydraulically most favourable location . 94
B.8 Length of the AO . 96
B.9 Relocation of section valves . 97
B.10 Calculating the nozzles operating in the most unfavourable AO . 97
Annex C (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-2 . 99
C.1 General . 99
C.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system . 99
C.2.1 General . 99
C.2.2 Storage areas . 99
C.3 Storage requirements . 100
Annex D (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-3 . 102
D.1 General . 102
D.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system . 102
D.3 Additional design and installation parameters . 103
Annex E (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-4 . 104
E.1 General . 104
E.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system . 104
E.3 Additional information on testing methodology . 105
Annex F (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-5 . 106
F.1 General . 106
F.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system. 106
Annex G (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-6 . 107
G.1 General . 107
G.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system. 107
Annex H (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-7 . 108
H.1 General . 108
H.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system. 108
Annex I (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-8 . 109
I.1 General . 109
I.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system. 109
Annex J (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-9 . 111
J.1 General . 111
J.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system. 111
J.3 Additional design and installation parameters . 112
Annex K (normative) Limits of applicability for water mist systems tested in accordance
with EN 14972-10 . 113
K.1 General . 113
K.2 Regarding the scope of the water mist system. 113
K.3 Additional design and installation parameters .
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