SIST EN ISO 29664:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2017
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL8PHWQRYUHPHQVNRVWDUDQMHYNOMXþQRVNLVOLQVNLPL
XVHGOLQDPL,62
Plastics - Artificial weathering including acidic deposition (ISO 29664:2010)
Kunststoffe - Künstliche Bewitterung einschließlich saurer Beanspruchung (ISO
29664:2010)
Plastiques - Vieillissement artificiel y compris les dépôts acides (ISO 29664:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 29664:2017
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 29664
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 83.080.01
English Version
Plastics - Artificial weathering including acidic deposition
(ISO 29664:2010)
Plastiques - Vieillissement artificiel y compris les Kunststoffe - Künstliche Bewitterung einschließlich
dépôts acides (ISO 29664:2010) saurer Beanspruchung (ISO 29664:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 29664:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
The text of ISO 29664:2010 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 29664:2017 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2017, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 29664:2010 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 29664:2017 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 29664
First edition
2010-10-15
Plastics — Artificial weathering including
acidic deposition
Plastiques — Vieillissement artificiel y compris les dépôts acides

Reference number
ISO 29664:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
ISO 29664:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

ISO 29664:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Principle.1
4 Apparatus.2
5 Test specimens.4
6 Test conditions .4
6.1 Method A .4
6.2 Method B .8
6.3 Allowed deviations in temperature and humidity .9
6.4 Measurement of radiant exposure.9
6.5 Determination of changes in properties after exposure .9
7 Precision.9
8 Test report.9
Annex A (informative) Background information.11
Annex B (informative) Precision data for coatings.15
Bibliography.16

ISO 29664:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 29664 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical
and environmental resistance.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

ISO 29664:2010(E)
Introduction
This International Standard specifies methods to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when plastics
are exposed to heavily polluted outdoor environments. Acidic precipitation can have a significant effect on the
[5][6]
photochemical ageing of many polymers. In some cases, this is due to attack on the stabilizers or fillers
[7][8]
like CaCO applied in technical polymers. The mechanisms differ from those of harmful gases, which
essentially constitute the initial products of acidic precipitation.
Arising from changing industrial air pollution and additionally diffused by the stochastic wind and cloud
distribution, acidic precipitation occurs sporadically. Thus, especially regarding acidic precipitation, outdoor
weathering effects vary enormously within different years. Therefore, it is practically impossible to obtain
reliable outdoor exposure results from just one season. These fluctuations can be avoided through the use of
a laboratory test, where all weathering parameters, including the acidic deposition, can be controlled.
In artificial weathering tests for plastics, the action of acidic atmospheric precipitation, which is part of the real
world, has generally not been considered.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29664:2010(E)

Plastics — Artificial weathering including acidic deposition
1 Scope
This International Standard describes artificial weathering tests intended to evaluate plastics for use in heavily
polluted outdoor environments. Results from this International Standard cannot be used to predict the service
life of these plastics.
This International Standard describes two different exposure methods. Use of the methods depends on the
form of the plastic product being evaluated.
Method A is intended for products where surface degradation is very important and uses a strong acid spray
(pH 1,5) that is applied for a short time.
Method B uses a weaker acid spray (pH 3,5) that is applied over a long period of time so that it can penetrate
deeply into the product and is intended for products such as geotextiles and related products.
This International Standard does not cover the influence of special chemicals like agrochemicals.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 4582, Plastics — Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to
daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources
ISO 4892-1, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance
ISO 4892-2, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 4892-3, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
3 Principle
The combined action of UV radiation, heat, humidity, wetting, and acidic deposition is evaluated in weathering
devices conforming to ISO 4892-1, ISO 4892-2 and ISO 4892-3.
The acidic deposition, in some cases, may accelerate the degradation of the polymer itself. In other cases, the
degradation is accelerated when the acid deposition attacks the stabilizers in the polymer.
Two different methods combine acidic deposition with artificial weathering. In method A, a strong acid solution
is applied once per day. In method B, a weaker acid exposure is integrated in the rain phase.
Both test methods aim for the same physical-chemical degradation mechanism as known to occur from
exposure in heavily polluted outdoor environment. To consider different climatic conditions, method A includes
ISO 29664:2010(E)
two procedures, one intended to simulate very humid climates such as those in tropical or subtropical areas
and one intended to simulate more moderate, less humid climates. As this mechanism does not depend on
the size of the damage spots, either horizontal or vertical specimen orientation is allowed (see A.3).
Use of reference materials is recommended in order to monitor the consistency and repeatability of the test.
Suited sets of reference materials may be samples with different grades (good, moderate, low performance)
based on previous tests using the same method. The reference material selected shall be stable when stored
in the dark at room temperature.
4 Apparatus
4.1 General apparatus, including two types of weathering devices conforming to ISO 4892-2 and
ISO 4892-3. The test chambers, as well as all required mounting devices and holders, shall be made of
acid- and UV-resistant materials.
NOTE As both types of weathering devices show a different spectral distribution, the results can differ.
4.2 Artificial acidic deposition, to produce an acid mixture of pH 1,5 at (25 ± 2) °C, add 10,6 g of H SO ,
2 4
3,18 g of HNO and 1,80 g of HCl to 10 litres of deionized or distilled water. This yields a mass ratio of
1,0:0,3:0,17. The quantity of acid to be added assumes that the concentration is 100 %. Since the actual
concentration of the reagent grade acids used is less than 100 %, the amount of each acid added should be
adjusted for the actual percent acid in the reagent. For example, if the concentration of the reagent HCl is
36 %, the actual amount of the reagent to be added is 1,8 divided by 0,36 or 5,0 g.
If required, a solution with a pH of 2,5 can be produced by diluting the pH 1,5 solution with demineralized
water in a volume ratio of 1:10.
The solution with a pH of 3,5 is prepared by diluting the pH 1,5 solution with demineralized water in a volume
ratio of 1:100.
Check the pH of the acid solution before starting the test. If the pH is more than 0,3 units away from the
desired pH, discard the solution and make a fresh batch.
Store the acid solution in a sealed container to avoid changes in pH during storage.
4.3 Laboratory radiation sources.
4.3.1 Fluorescent UV lamp apparatus, conforming to ISO 4892-3 with Type 1A lamps specified in
ISO 4892-3, if used.
4.3.2 Xenon arc lamp apparatus, conforming to ISO 4892-2, equipped with daylight filters as specified in
ISO 4892-2, if xenon arc apparatus is used.
Irradiance uniformity shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in ISO 4892-1.
−2 −1 −2
4.3.3 Irradiance, UV irradiance of either 0,76 W·m nm at 340 nm or 45 W·m in the 290 nm to 400 nm
bandpass for fluorescent UV lamp apparatus operating with Type 1A lamps. During equilibrium operation, the
−2 −1
allowed deviation of the measured irradiance shall be ±0,02 W·m nm when controlling at 340 nm and
−2
±1,2 W·m when controlled in the 290 nm to 400 nm bandpass.
For xenon arc lamp apparatus, operating with daylight filters, the UV irradiance shall be either
−
−2 1 −2
0,51 W·m nm at 340 nm or 60 W·m in the 300 nm to 400 nm bandpass. During equilibrium operation, the
−2 −1
allowed deviation of the measured irradiance shall be ±0,02 W·m nm when controlling at 340 nm and
−2
±1,2 W·m when controlled in the 300 nm to 400 nm bandpass.
If the indicated irradiance is outside the allowed deviations at equilibrium conditions, stop the test and
determine the cause of the problem before continuing.
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

ISO 29664:2010(E)
NOTE The irradiance limits given above apply only to the position where the irradiance is normally measured.
Irradiance can vary by about ±10 % across the whole specimen area.
4.4 Test chamber, of variable design, but constructed from inert material and conforming to ISO 4892-1
and ISO 4892-2 for xenon arc lamp devices and ISO 4892-3 for fluorescent UV lamp devices. The test
chamber shall provide for control of irradiance, chamber temperature, and in case of a xenon arc lamp
apparatus of black standard temperature (BST). The test chamber shall also provide for humidity control that
meets the requirements of ISO 4892-1, if required. Devices shall also provide for water spray.
4.5 Radiometer, complying with the requirements outlined in ISO 4892-1, if used.
4.6 Black standard thermometer, complying with the requirements for these devices which are given in
ISO 4892-1.
4.7 Wetting and humidity
4.7.1 General
Specimens shall be exposed to moisture in the form of relative humidity (RH) during the dry periods and in the
form of water spray during the wet periods.
4.7.2 Relative humidity control equipment, for use in controlling the relative humidity during the dry
periods, with the location of sensors used to measure humidity in accordance with ISO 4892-1.
NOTE 1 Generally, the level of relative air humidity has a significant influence on photodegradation of many polymers.
NOTE 2 Additionally, relative air humidity influences the effect of the acidic precipitation. The several acids and water
have different vapour pressures and, therefore, evaporate at different rates depending on the temperature and especially
on the relative humidity. The acid concentration of the solution gradually increases, from about 0,01 % acid after spraying
to about 60 % H SO .
2 4
To ensure repeatable evaporation processes and get a slow change of the composition of the acids to enable
each acid type enough and reproducible impact duration, relative humidity should be controlled. Particularly
for aqueous sulfuric acid solutions, relative humidity interacts with the acid concentration (see ISO 483). That
means, by controlling the relative humidity in the weathering device, the acid concentration of the aqueous
acid solution can be controlled between 5 % and 70 %.
4.7.3 Water spray system, capable of introducing intermittent spray of high purity water to the exposed
surface of the specimen in test chambers used for method A. Test chambers used for method B shall be
equipped with means to introduce intermittent spray of an acidic solution with a pH of 3,5 to the exposed
surface of the specimen. In all cases, the spray shall be uniformly distributed over the test specimens. The
spray system shall be made from corrosion-resistant materials that do not contaminate the water or acid
solution used.
If the water is recycled, the quantity of circulating water should not be less than 50 litres.
If recycling should be used for the spraying water, the water should be replaced regularly and at least once
per week of operation (168 h). Because of the uptake of the acids washed off the specimens and possible
contamination from the sample's material, for method A, the sprinkling water, if recycled, should be replaced
upon reaching pH = 4,5 and at the latest after one operating week (168 h).
For method A, the water sprayed on specimen surfaces shall have a silica level below 0,2 µg/g. A combination
of deionization and reverse osmosis may be used to produce water of the desired quality.
For method B, the acidic solution with a pH of 3,5 shall be in accordance with the specifications given in 4.2.
4.7.4 Acid spraying device, either a manually operated pressure atomizer or an automated spray device,
capable of spraying the acid solution, for method A. In order to produce a uniform pattern of small damage
spots, the sprayer shall be adjusted to produce small droplets and the amount of acid solution applied shall be
ISO 29664:2010(E)
such that the droplets do not coalesce after application. The pH of the acid solution shall be checked
periodically to make sure it meets the requirements of the method used.
4.8 Specimen holders, either in the form of an open frame, leaving the back of the specimens exposed or
providing the specimen with a solid backing. They shall be made from inert materials that do not affect the test
results, for example non-oxidizing alloys of aluminium or stainless steel. Brass, steel or copper shall not be
used in the vicinity of the test specimens. The backing used and a space between the backing and the test
specimen can affect the results, particularly with transparent specimens, and shall be agreed on between the
interested parties.
4.9 Apparatus to assess changes in properties, as required by the relevant standard describing
determination of the properties selected for monitoring. The apparatus used for the property measurements
shall be included in the test report.
NOTE ISO 4582 provides information about property measurement before and after exposure in weathering tests.
5 Test specimens
Test specimen should be prepared as described in ISO 4892-1, with the following additions.
The size of specimens shall be such that the condition of the specimens can be unambiguously ascertained
before and after the exposure tests.
For method A, the minimum specimen size shall be 30 cm in area, with the smallest edge at least 50 mm in
length.
NOTE 1 For minimum specimen size, the amount of acid solution is about 0,1 g. This amount results from the running
off at a vertical specimen orientation (see Figure A.2).
NOTE 2 ISO 294-3 provides information about the preparation of 60 mm × 60 mm specimens.
The exposure of replicate specimens is highly recommended.
6 Test conditions
6.1 Method A
6.1.1 General
Method A is intended for plastics whose mechanical properties are seriously affected by acid exposure on the
surface (e.g. plastic sheets and films, in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break). It is also applicable
to plastics whose function or service life is mainly defined by the retention of the properties of its surface or of
areas close to the surface and where the effect of acidic precipitation is mainly confined to this part of the
material (e.g. building facades and building structures, light-permeable plastic roofing and bulk polymers, in
terms of their decorative properties).
NOTE To check the synergistic action of acid and weathering, a second set of samples can be exposed to the same
weathering exposure in parallel, but excluding acidic deposition. For pure acid exposure, ISO 175 can be used.
6.1.2 Weathering cycle
The 24 h weathering cycle used in method A is characterized by continuous UV (apart from the brief
interruption to spray the acid solution on the test specimen surface) and varying conditions of temperature and
humidity. Table 1 describes conditions intended to simulate a high-humidity climate, such as might be
experienced in subtropical or tropical locations. Table 2 describes conditions intended to simulate a more
moderate, less humid climate, such as parts of North America or Central Europe. The two conditions differ in
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

ISO 29664:2010(E)
the values of the relative humidity during the drying phase after application of the acid solution. If it is shown
that the photodegradation of the specimens is not sensitive to humidity and to varying acid concentration, the
test may be performed without controlling relative humidity (Table 3).
NOTE 1 As the acid concentration process is controlled by the relative humidity, this can lead to worse repeatability.
When running the test cycles described in Tables 1 to 4, programme the device to operate at the set point
values for each of the controlled parameters.
Spraying the surface of the plastic specimens with the acid solution is the first step in the cycle. This spraying
is performed for five days a week, followed by two daily cycles without application of the acid solution. If a
uniform pattern of pinhole damage spots is aimed for, apply the acid solution to test specimens using a
sprayer adjusted to provide very small droplet size and apply the solution uniformly over the specimen surface
such that there is no runoff or coalescence of the droplets. Figure A.2 is a photograph showing typical
appearance of the droplets after application of the acid solution.
Unless otherwise specified, use a solution with a pH of 1,5 ± 0,2 for testing plastics. If a different pH is used,
the pH of the applied solution shall be included in the test report.
NOTE 2 The size of the droplets of the acid solution sprayed on the surface of the test specimens affects the size of
the defects produced when the droplets dry and concentrate the acid. As for larger defects, the damage concentrates in
the margins, and the use of smaller droplets results in both a more concentrat
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