SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
01-julij-2022
Dielektrične in uporovne lastnosti trdnih izolacijskih materialov - 2-2. del:
Relativna permitivnost in faktor izgube - Visoke frekvence (1 MHz do 300 MHz) -
Metode AC (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)
Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials - Part 2-2: Relative
permittivity and dissipation factor - High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) - AC methods
(IEC 62631-2-2:2022)
Dielektrische und resistive Eigenschaften fester Elektroisolierstoffe - Teil 2-2: Relative
Permittivität und Verlustfaktor - Hohe Frequenzen ( 1 MZ bis 300 MHz) -
Wechselspannungsverfahren (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)
Propriétés diélectriques et résistives des matériaux isolants solides - Partie 2-2:
Permittivité relative et facteur de dissipation diélectrique - Hautes fréquences (1 MHz à
300 MHz) - Méthodes en courant alternatif (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
ICS:
17.220.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
elektriko in magnetizmom electricity and magnetism
29.035.01 Izolacijski materiali na Insulating materials in
splošno general
SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62631-2-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2022
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01

English Version
Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials -
Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor - High
frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) - AC methods
(IEC 62631-2-2:2022)
Propriétés diélectriques et résistives des matériaux isolants Dielektrische und resistive Eigenschaften fester
solides - Partie 2-2: Permittivité relative et facteur de Elektroisolierstoffe - Teil 2-2: Relative Permittivität und
dissipation - Hautes fréquences (1 MHz à 300 MHz) - Verlustfaktor - Hohe Frequenzen ( 1 MZ bis 300 MHz) -
Méthodes en courant alternatif Wechselspannungsverfahren
(IEC 62631-2-2:2022) (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-05-12. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 E

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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 112/562/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62631-2-2, prepared by IEC/TC 112
"Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems" was submitted to the IEC-
CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-02-12
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-05-12
document have to be withdrawn

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62631-2-2:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60247 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60247
IEC 62631-2-1:2018 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62631-2-1:2018 (not modified)
2

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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60212 - Standard conditions for use prior to and EN 60212 -
during the testing of solid electrical
insulating materials


3

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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022



IEC 62631-2-2

®


Edition 1.0 2022-04




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME


INTERNATIONALE











Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials –

Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor – High frequencies

(1 MHz to 300 MHz) – AC methods



Propriétés diélectriques et résistives des matériaux isolants solides –

Partie 2-2: Permittivité relative et facteur de dissipation – Hautes fréquences


(1 MHz à 300 MHz) – Méthodes en courant alternatif













INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1096-7




Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Methods of test . 8
4.1 Basic theory . 8
4.2 Distinctive factors for the measurement in high frequency range . 12
4.3 Power supply . 13
4.4 Equipment . 13
4.4.1 Accuracy . 13
4.4.2 Distinctive feature of equipment for measurement in high frequency
range . 14
4.4.3 Choice of measurement methods . 15
4.5 Calibration . 16
4.6 Test specimen . 16
4.6.1 General . 16
4.6.2 Recommended dimensions of test specimen and electrode
arrangements . 16
4.6.3 Number of test specimens . 16
4.6.4 Conditioning and pre-treatment of test specimen . 16
4.7 Procedures for specific materials . 17
5 Test procedure . 17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 Calculation of permittivity and relative permittivity . 17
5.2.1 Relative permittivity . 17
5.2.2 Dielectric dissipation factor tan δ . 17
6 Report . 17
7 Repeatability and reproducibility . 18
Annex A (informative) Compensation method using a series circuit . 19
Annex B (informative) Parallel electrodes with shield ring . 20
Annex C (informative) Apparatus . 21
C.1 Parallel T network bridge . 21
C.2 Resonance method . 22
C.3 I-V method designed for high frequencies . 24
C.4 Auto-balancing bridge method . 24
Annex D (informative) Non-contacting electrode method with micrometer-controlled
parallel electrodes in air . 26
Bibliography . 28

Figure 1 – Dielectric dissipation factor . 10
Figure 2 – Equivalent circuit diagrams with capacitive test specimen . 11
Figure 3 – Equivalent parallel circuit for test fixture with sample and leads to
equipment . 12
Figure 4 – Existence of residual impedance and stray capacitance in directly
connected system . 15

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Figure A.1 – Compensation method using a series circuit . 19
Figure B.1 – Configuration of parallel electrode with shield ring . 20
Figure C.1 – Parallel T network, principal circuit diagram . 21
Figure C.2 – Parallel T network, practical circuit diagram . 21
Figure C.3 – Principle of resonance method, circuit diagram (originally from Q meter) . 23
Figure C.4 – Auto-balancing circuit . 25
Figure D.1 – Non-contacting electrode method . 27

Table 1 – Applicable frequency range in effective apparatus . 16

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

DIELECTRIC AND RESISTIVE PROPERTIES OF
SOLID INSULATING MATERIALS –

Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor –
High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) – AC methods

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62631-2-2 has been prepared by of IEC technical committee 112: Evaluation and
qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
112/562/FDIS 112/565/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

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IEC 62631-2-2:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62631 series, published under the general title Dielectric and
resistive properties of solid insulating materials, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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INTRODUCTION
Permittivity and dissipation factor (tan δ) are basic parameters for the quality of insulating
materials. The dissipation factor depends on several parameters, such as environmental factors,
moisture, temperature, applied voltage, and highly depends on frequency, the accuracy of
measuring apparatus and other parameters applied to the measured specimen.
The frequency range measurable for permittivity and dissipation factor is highly limited by the
design of the electrode system, dimension of the sample and impedance of the wiring lead.
Special consideration should be given to the measurement in the high frequency range. This
document focuses on the method for measurements of permittivity and dissipation factor in the
high frequency range from 1 MHz to 300 MHz.

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DIELECTRIC AND RESISTIVE PROPERTIES OF
SOLID INSULATING MATERIALS –

Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor –
High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) – AC methods



1 Scope
This part of IEC 62631 specifies test methods for the determination of permittivity and
dissipation factor properties of solid insulating materials in a high frequency range from 1 MHz
to 300 MHz.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60212, Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid electrical
insulating materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
solid electrical insulating material
solid with negligibly low electric conductivity, used to separate conducting parts at different
electrical potentials
Note 1 to entry: The term "electrical insulating material" is sometimes used in a broader sense to designate also
insulating liquids and gases. Insulating liquids are covered by IEC 60247 [1].
3.2
dielectric properties
comprehensive behaviour of an insulating material measured with an alternating current
comprising the capacitance, absolute permittivity, relative permittivity, relative complex
permittivity, dielectric dissipation factor
3.3
absolute permittivity
ε
electric flux density divided by the electric field strength

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3.4
vacuum permittivity
ε
0
permittivity of a vacuum, which is related to the magnetic constant ε μ and to the speed of light
0 0
2
in vacuum c by the relation ε μ c = 1
0 0 0 0
3.5
relative permittivity
ε
r
ratio of the absolute permittivity to the permittivity of a vacuum ε
0
3.6
relative complex permittivity
ε
r
permittivity in a complex number representation, under steady sinusoidal field conditions
3.7
dielectric dissipation factor tan δ (loss tangent)
numerical value of the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity
3.8
capacitance
C
property of an arrangement of conductors and dielectrics which permits the storage of electrical
charge when a potential difference exists between the conductors
3.9
voltage application
application of a voltage between electrodes
Note 1 to entry: Voltage application is sometimes referred to as electrification.
3.10
measuring electrodes
conductors applied to, or embedded in, a material to make contact with it to measure its
dielectric or resistive properties
Note 1 to entry: The design of the measuring electrodes depends on the specimen and the purpose of the test.
4 Methods of test
4.1 Basic theory
Capacitance C is the property of an arrangement of conductors and dielectrics which permits
the storage of electrical charge when a potential difference exists between the conductors.
C is the ratio of a quantity q of charge to a potential difference U. A capacitance value is always
positive. The unit is farad when the charge is expressed in coulomb and the potential in volts.
q

C= (1)
U

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The measured permittivity (formerly known as dielectric constant) ε of an insulating material is
the product of its relative permittivity ε and the permittivity of a vacuum ε :
r 0
ε = ε · ε
(2)
0 r

This general method describes common values for general measurements. If a method for a
specific type of material is described in this document, the specific method shall be used.
The permittivity is expressed in farad per metre (F/m); the permittivity of vacuum ε has the
0
following value:
−12
  (3)
ε 8,854187817×10
0

Relative permittivity is the ratio of the absolute permittivity to the permittivity of a vacuum ε .
0
In the case of constant fields and alternating fields of sufficiently low frequency, the relative
permittivity of an isotropic or quasi-isotropic dielectric is equal to the ratio of the capacitance of
a capacitor, in which the space between and around the electrodes is entirely and exclusively
filled with the dielectric, to the capacitance of the same configuration of electrodes in vacuum.
C
x

ε =
(4)
r
C
0

The relative permittivity ε of dry air, at normal atmospheric pressure, equals 1,000 59, so that
r
in practice, the capacitances C of the configuration of electrodes in air can normally be used
a
instead of C to determine the relative permittivity ε with sufficient accuracy.
0 r
Relative complex permittivity is permittivity in a complex number representation under steady
sinusoidal field conditions expressed as
'" − jδ
ε=ε−jε=ε e (5)
rr r r

' "
where ε and ε have positive values.
r r
' "
NOTE 1 The complex permittivity ε is customarily quoted either in terms of ε and ε , or in terms of ε and tan δ.
r
r r r
"
NOTE 2 ε is termed loss index.
r
The dielectric dissipation factor tan δ (loss tangent) is the numerical value of the ratio of the
imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity.
=

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Key
U applied voltage
I current
I real part of current
w
I imaginary part of current
o
φ phase difference between applied voltage and current
π
δ subtracted angle of φ from
2
Figure 1 – Dielectric dissipation factor
"
ε
r

tanδ= (6)
'
ε
r

Thus, the dielectric dissipation factor tan δ of an insulating material is the tangent of the angle
δ by which the phase difference φ between the applied voltage and the resulting current deviates
from π/2 rad when the solid insulating material is exclusively used as dielectric in a capacitive
test specimen (capacitor), compared with Figure 1. The dielectric dissipation factor can also be
expressed by an equivalent circuit diagram using an ideal capacitor with a resistor in series or
parallel connection (see Figure 2).
1
tanδ ωC ×R
ss (7)
ωC ×R
pp

with
C
1
p
=
(8)
2
C
1+ tan δ
s

==

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and
R
1
p
1+
(9)
2
R
tan δ
s

NOTE 3 R and R respectively are not directly related to but affected by the volume and the surface resistance of
s p
an insulating material. Therefore, the dielectric dissipation factor can also be affected by these resistive materials
properties.


Key
C and R capacitance and resistance for equivalent parallel circuit, respectively
p p
C and R capacitance and resistance for equivalent series circuit, respectively
s s
Figure 2 – Equivalent circuit diagrams with capacitive test specimen
This general method describes common values for general measurements. If a method for a
specific type of material is described in this document, the specific method shall be used.
=

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Key
a and b terminals
C R and Z capacitance, resistance and impedance for equivalent parallel circuit with sample P,
p p P
respectively
R , L , C and Z Z is the impedance due to the residual resistance R and residual inductance L
lead lead
lead lead lead lead lead
existing with leads from the equipment to the test fixture. The stray capacitor, C is
lead
the stray capacitor involved in Z
lead
C , R and Z Z is the impedance due to the edge capacitance of the electrode and leakage
edge leak edge edge
resistance on sample and insulators of the electrode fixture
Figure 3 – Equivalent parallel circuit for test fixture with sample and leads to equipment
The measurement of permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor shall be made taking into
consideration the electric properties of the measuring circuit as well as the specific electric
properties of the material. To carry out the test, in most cases, the use of high voltage is
necessary. Care should be taken to prevent any electric shock.
The basic principles of apparatus and methods are not described here. Some references to the
1
literature are given in the bibliography of IEC 62631-2-1 [2] .
4.2 Distinctive factors for the measurement in high frequency range
Figure 3 shows an equivalent parallel circuit comprising an electrode system with a sample and
wiring leads from terminals a and b.
1
The impedance of C , , decreases when the frequency is increased, which causes the
p
jωC
p
increase in current through C in the high frequency range. When the frequency is increased
p
from 100 kHz to 100 MHz, the current through C increases 1 000 times more than that at
p
100 kHz. This causes a decrease of accuracy in the obtained results.
___________
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.

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The impedances due to the inductance of leads (L ), and the stray capacitance (C ) also
lead lead
depend on the frequency. That kind of impedance can be ignored in the measurements in the
low frequency range. In the high frequency range, on the other hand, the effect of the impedance
of Z on the measured values cannot be ignored and causes errors in the measured result
...