SIST EN IEC 62282-7-2:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN IEC 62282-7-2:2021
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 7-2. del: Preskusne metode - Preskušanje zmogljivosti
ene celice in sestava celic s trdnim oksidnim gorivom (IEC 62282-7-2:2025)
Fuel cell technologies - Part 7-2: Test methods - Single cell and stack performance tests
for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) (IEC 62282-7-2:2025)
Brennstoffzellentechnologien - Teil 7-2: Prüfverfahren - Prüfungen zum Nachweis des
Einzelzellen- und Stackleistungsverhaltens von Festoxid-Brennstoffzellen (SOFC) (IEC
62282-7-2:2025)
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 7-2: Méthodes d’essai - Essais de
performance de cellule élémentaire et de pile pour les piles à combustible à oxyde solide
(SOFC) (IEC 62282-7-2:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62282-7-2:2025
ICS:
27.070 Gorilne celice Fuel cells
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62282-7-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2025
ICS 27.070 Supersedes EN IEC 62282-7-2:2021
English Version
Fuel cell technologies - Part 7-2: Test methods - Single cell and
stack performance tests for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)
(IEC 62282-7-2:2025)
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 7-2: Brennstoffzellentechnologien - Teil 7-2: Prüfverfahren -
Méthodes d'essai - Essais de performance de cellule Prüfungen zum Nachweis des Einzelzellen- und
élémentaire et de pile pour les piles à combustible à oxyde Stackleistungsverhaltens von Festoxid-Brennstoffzellen
solide (SOFC) (SOFC)
(IEC 62282-7-2:2025) (IEC 62282-7-2:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2025-04-11. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62282-7-2:2025 E

European foreword
The text of document 105/1093/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62282-7-2, prepared by TC 105 "Fuel cell
technologies" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2026-04-30
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2028-04-30
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN IEC 62282-7-2:2021 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62282-7-2:2025 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60352 (series) NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60352 (series)
IEC 60359 NOTE Approved as EN 60359
IEC 60512-1-1 NOTE Approved as EN 60512-1-1
IEC 60512-8-1 NOTE Approved as EN 60512-8-1
IEC 60512-8-2 NOTE Approved as EN 60512-8-2
IEC 62282-2-100 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 62282-2-100
IEC 62282-8-101 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 62282-8-101
ISO 6145-7 NOTE Approved as EN ISO 6145-7
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-485 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - -
- Part 485: Fuel cell technologies
IEC 60584-1 - Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF specifications EN 60584-1 -
and tolerances
IEC 60584-3 - Thermocouples - Part 3: Extension and EN IEC 60584-3 -
compensating cables - Tolerances and
identification system
IEC 61515 - Mineral insulated metal-sheathed EN 61515 -
thermocouple cables and thermocouples
ISO 5168 - Measurement of fluid flow - Procedures for the - -
evaluation of uncertainties
ISO 6974 series Natural gas - Determination of composition and EN ISO 6974 series
associated uncertainty by gas chromatography
ISO 7066-2 - Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration - -
and use of flow measurement devices - Part 2:
Non-linear calibration relationships
ISO 8573-1 - Compressed air – Part 1: Contaminants and - -
purity classes
ISO 8756 - Air quality; handling of temperature, pressure - -
and humidity data
ISO 12185 - Crude petroleum, petroleum products and EN ISO 12185 -
related products - Determination of density -
Laboratory density meter with an oscillating U-
tube sensor
IEC 62282-7-2 ®
Edition 2.0 2025-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 7-2: Test methods – Single cell and stack performance tests for solid oxide

fuel cells (SOFCs)
Technologies des piles à combustible –

Partie 7-2: Méthodes d’essai – Essais de performance de cellule élémentaire et

de pile pour les piles à combustible à oxyde solide (SOFC)

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070  ISBN 978-2-8327-0241-3

– 2 – IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols. 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
4 General safety conditions . 12
5 Cell/stack assembly unit . 12
6 Testing system . 12
6.1 Subsystems in testing system . 12
6.1.1 General . 12
6.1.2 Anode gas control subsystem . 13
6.1.3 Cathode gas control subsystem . 13
6.1.4 Cell/stack assembly unit temperature control subsystem . 13
6.1.5 Output power control subsystem . 13
6.1.6 Measurement and data acquisition subsystem . 14
6.1.7 Safety subsystem . 14
6.1.8 Mechanical load control subsystem. 14
6.1.9 Gas pressure control subsystem for anode and cathode . 14
6.1.10 Test system control subsystem . 14
6.2 Maximum variation in control items of testing system . 14
7 Instruments and measurement methods . 15
7.1 General . 15
7.2 Instrument uncertainty . 15
7.3 Anode gas . 15
7.3.1 Anode gas flow rate . 15
7.3.2 Anode gas composition . 15
7.3.3 Anode gas temperature . 16
7.3.4 Anode gas pressure . 17
7.3.5 Anode exhaust gas flow rate . 17
7.3.6 Anode exhaust gas component . 17
7.3.7 Anode exhaust gas temperature . 17
7.3.8 Anode exhaust gas pressure. 17
7.4 Cathode gas . 18
7.4.1 Cathode gas flow rate . 18
7.4.2 Cathode gas component . 18
7.4.3 Cathode gas temperature . 18
7.4.4 Cathode gas pressure. 18
7.4.5 Cathode exhaust gas flow rate . 18
7.4.6 Cathode exhaust gas component . 19
7.4.7 Cathode exhaust gas temperature . 19
7.4.8 Cathode exhaust gas pressure . 19
7.5 Output voltage . 19
7.6 Output current . 19
7.7 Cell/stack assembly unit temperature . 19

IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 3 –
7.8 Mechanical load . 19
7.9 Total impedance . 20
7.10 Ambient conditions. 20
8 Test preparation . 20
8.1 General . 20
8.2 Standard test conditions and test range . 20
8.3 Components and impurities of anode gas and cathode gas . 21
8.4 Basis of the test procedure . 21
8.5 Confirmation of aging conditions of unit . 21
8.6 Confirmation of criteria of stable state . 21
8.7 Data acquisition method . 21
9 Test procedure . 22
9.1 Set-up . 22
9.2 Initial conditioning . 22
9.3 Shutdown . 22
10 Performance test . 22
10.1 Rated power test . 22
10.1.1 Objective . 22
10.1.2 Test method . 23
10.1.3 Presentation of results . 23
10.2 Current-voltage characteristics test . 23
10.2.1 Objective . 23
10.2.2 Test method . 23
10.2.3 Presentation of results . 24
10.3 Effective fuel utilization dependency test . 24
10.3.1 Objective . 24
10.3.2 Test method . 24
10.3.3 Presentation of results . 25
10.4 Long term durability test . 25
10.4.1 Objective . 25
10.4.2 Test method . 25
10.4.3 Presentation of results . 26
10.5 Thermal cycling durability test . 26
10.5.1 Objective . 26
10.5.2 Test method . 26
10.5.3 Presentation of results . 27
10.6 Internal reforming performance test . 27
10.6.1 Objective . 27
10.6.2 Test method . 27
10.6.3 Presentation of results . 28
10.7 Resistance components identification test . 28
10.7.1 Objective . 28
10.7.2 Test method . 28
10.7.3 Presentation of results . 29
11 Test report . 30
11.1 General . 30
11.2 Report items . 30
11.3 Test unit data description . 30

– 4 – IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025
11.4 Test conditions description. 30
11.5 Test data description . 31
11.6 Uncertainty evaluation . 31
Annex A (informative) Example of cell assembly unit . 32
Annex B (informative) Calculation of effective fuel utilization . 33
B.1 General . 33
B.2 Calculation method . 33
B.3 Calculation examples . 35
B.3.1 Calculation from anode gas composition and flow rate . 35
B.3.2 Calculation from supplied H and H O flow rate . 35
2 2
Annex C (informative) Calculation of effective oxygen utilization . 36
C.1 General . 36
C.2 Calculation method . 36
C.3 Calculation example . 37
Annex D (informative) Maximum width of the voltage hysteresis in I‑V characteristics
test . 38
Annex E (informative) Current-voltage characteristics test under constant effective
fuel utilization . 39
Annex F (informative) Test report (template) . 40
F.1 Overview. 40
F.2 General information . 40
F.3 Test unit data description . 40
F.4 Test conditions . 41
F.5 Rated power test . 41
F.6 Current-voltage characteristics test . 41
F.7 Effective fuel utilization dependency test . 42
F.8 Long-term durability test . 43
F.9 Thermal cycling durability test . 44
F.10 Internal reforming performance test . 45
F.11 Resistance components identification test . 45
Annex G (informative) Method for determining instrument expanded uncertainty . 46
Bibliography . 47

Figure 1 – Testing system . 13
Figure 2 – Typical diagram of complex impedance plot for SOFC . 29
Figure A.1 – Example of cell assembly unit . 32
Figure D.1 – Voltage hysteresis at a given sweep rate in I-V characteristics test . 38
Figure E.1 – Example of the record in current-voltage characteristics test under
constant effective fuel utilization at increasing steps in current . 39

Table 1 – Symbols . 11
Table B.1 − n for representative fuels . 34
j
Table B.2 − Anode gas composition, flow rate of each fuel component q , and n q . 35
j j j
Table C.1 − Cathode gas composition, q , and I . 37
O2 theory
IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 7-2: Test methods – Single cell and stack performance tests
for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62282-7-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell technologies. It is
an International Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2021. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Table 1 has been revised to specify the units missing for some terms;
b) bibliographical entries (ISO/TR 15916, SOCTESQA test modules and ISO/IEC Guide 98-
6:2021) have been added to provide further information.

– 6 – IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
105/1093/FDIS 105/1099/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell technologies,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have a broad range of geometry and size. As such, in general,
peripherals like current collectors and gas manifolds are unique to each cell or stack and are
often incorporated into a cell or stack to form one integrated unit. In addition, they tend to have
a significant effect on the power generation characteristics of the cell or stack. This document
therefore introduces as its subject "cell/stack assembly units", which are defined as those units
containing not only a cell or stack but also peripherals.

– 8 – IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 7-2: Test methods – Single cell and stack performance tests
for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 applies to SOFC cell/stack assembly units, testing systems, instruments
and measuring methods, and specifies test methods to test the performance of SOFC cells and
stacks.
This document is not applicable to small button cells that are designed for SOFC material testing
and provide no practical means of fuel utilization measurement.
This document is used based on the recommendation of the entity that provides the cell
performance specification or for acquiring data on a cell or stack in order to estimate the
performance of a system based on it. Users of this document can selectively execute test items
suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.
Users can substitute selected test methods of this document with equivalent test methods of
IEC 62282-8-101 for solid oxide cell (SOC) operation for energy storage purposes, operated in
reverse or reversible mode.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-485, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 485: Fuel cell
technologies, available at https://www.electropedia.org
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
IEC 60584-3, Thermocouples – Part 3: Extension and compensating cables – Tolerances and
identification system
IEC 61515, Mineral insulated metal-sheathed thermocouple cables and thermocouples
ISO 5168, Measurement of fluid flow – Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties
ISO 6974 (all parts), Natural gas – Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by
gas chromatography
ISO 7066-2, Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices
– Part 2: Non-linear calibration relationships
ISO 8573-1, Compressed air – Part 1: Contaminants and purity classes
ISO 8756, Air quality – Handling of temperature, pressure and humidity data

IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 9 –
ISO 12185, Crude petroleum, petroleum products and related products – Determination of
density – Laboratory density meter with an oscillating U-tube sensor
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-485 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
cell/stack assembly unit
unit including a single cell or stack, as well as gas supply parts, current collector parts, and any
other peripherals used in power generation tests
3.1.2
active electrode area
geometric electrode area upon which an electrochemical reaction occurs
Note 1 to entry: Usually the active electrode area is the smaller of the anode and cathode areas.
3.1.3
current density
current divided by the active electrode area
3.1.4
average repeating unit voltage
cell/stack assembly unit voltage divided by the number of the cells in a series connection in the
unit
3.1.5
anode gas
gas that is supplied to the inlet of the anode of a single cell/stack assembly unit
Note 1 to entry: Such a gas belongs to one of the following categories:
a) pure hydrogen or mixture that contains hydrogen as a principal component with water vapour or nitrogen;
b) reformed gas of raw fuel of SOFC such as methane or kerosene premixed with water vapour or air as oxidant;
c) simulated gas of reformate that contains hydrogen, water vapour, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrogen, etc., as main components;
d) methane, alcohols and other raw fuels directly supplied in pure form or mixed with water vapour or air, or both.
e) condensable gas operating in gas phase such as anhydrous ammonia (NH ) as raw input fuel or in cracked form.
3.1.6
cathode gas
gas that is supplied to the inlet of the cathode of a single cell/stack assembly unit
Note 1 to entry: Oxygen and nitrogen are its main components.
3.1.7
current collector
conductive material in a cell/stack assembly unit that collects electrons from the anode side or
conducts electrons to the cathode side

– 10 – IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025
3.1.8
stable state
condition of a cell/stack assembly unit at which the unit is stable enough for any controlling
parameter and the output voltage or output current of the unit to remain within its tolerance
range of variation
3.1.9
theoretical current
current when the supplied anode gas or cathode gas is completely consumed in electrochemical
reactions divided by the number of cells in a series connection
3.1.10
effective fuel utilization
ratio of the actual output current of the cell/stack assembly unit to the theoretical current that is
calculated for the supplied fuel
Note 1 to entry: The effective utilization is the utilization of reactants in the electrochemical reaction at the anode
due to the actual current. This can be less than the actual or total utilization if there are gas inlet and cross leaks.
Note 2 to entry: Causes of less-than-optimal currents include losses due to electronic conduction within the
cell/stack assembly, gas leaks.
Note 3 to entry: A calculation method of effective fuel utilization is given in Annex B.
3.1.11
effective oxygen utilization
ratio of the actual output current of the cell/stack assembly unit to the theoretical current that is
calculated for the supplied oxygen
Note 1 to entry: The effective utilization is the utilization of reactants in the electrochemical reaction at the cathode
due to the actual current. This can be less than the actual or total utilization if there are gas inlet and cross leaks.
Note 2 to entry: A calculation method of effective oxygen utilization is given in Annex C.
3.1.12
maximum effective fuel utilization
highest effective fuel utilization that the cell/stack assembly unit can operate at, without causing
unacceptable degradation
Note 1 to entry: The acceptable degradation rate is usually obtained from the developer.
3.1.13
minimum cell/stack assembly unit voltage
lowest cell/stack assembly unit voltage specified by the manufacturer
3.1.14
open circuit voltage
OCV
voltage across the terminals of a cell/stack assembly unit with cathode and anode gases present
and in the absence of external current flow
Note 1 to entry: Also known as "no-load voltage".
3.1.15
total impedance
frequency-dependent losses due to ohmic, activation, diffusion, concentration effects, stray
(parasitic) capacitance and inductances
3.1.16
total resistance
real part of the low-frequency limit of total impedance

IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 11 –
3.1.17
stoichiometric ratio
ratio between the number of moles of reactant gas flowing per unit time to that used by the
electrochemical reaction
Note 1 to entry: The terms, "stoichiometric ratio" and "reactant gas utilization," are related. The reciprocal of the
fraction of the gas utilized is the stoichiometric ratio.
3.2 Symbols
Table 1 lists the symbols and units that are used in this document.
Table 1 – Symbols
Symbol Term Unit
a
a Error limit specified from specification of instrument

I Current A
J Current density
A/cm
A Active electrode area
cm
Z Total impedance Ω cm
n Number of transferred electrons
N Number of cells in a series connection in the cell/stack assembly unit
p
Absolute pressure of anode gas kPa
a
p
Absolute pressure of cathode gas kPa
c
P Output power W
P
Output power density W/cm
d
b
q
Flow rate of anode gas
l/min (STP )
a
q
Flow rate of cathode gas l/min (STP)
c
q
Flow rate of fuel component j in anode gas l/min (STP)
j
t Time s, min, h
T
Cell/stack assembly unit operating temperature °C or K
op
u a
Combined standard uncertainty for instruments
c
u a
Standard uncertainty for instrument i
I,i
U
Effective fuel utilization %
f
U
Effective oxygen utilization %
O2
U a
Instrument expanded uncertainty
I
V Voltage V
c
x
Molar fraction of component i or mole percent of component i mol/mol or mol %
i
c
Concentration of component i mol/m
i
ξ
Hydrocarbon conversion rate for hydrocarbon component j %
j
a
Denotes where the unit varies depending on the specification.
b
Abbreviation for standard temperature and pressure
c
Mole percent expressed as one hundred times mole fraction.

– 12 – IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025
4 General safety conditions
An operating fuel cell uses oxidizing and combustible gases. Typically, these gases are stored
in high-pressure containers. In some cases, the fuel can be a toxic condensable gas (such as
ammonia). The fuel cell itself can be operated at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure.
Leaks or outlet flows from cell/stack assembly unit can contain toxic elements (e.g. when using
ammonia as a fuel). Those who carry out cell/stack assembly unit testing shall be trained and
experienced in the operation of test systems and specifically in safety procedures involving
electrical equipment and reactive, compressed gases, and toxic compounds if applicable (e.g.
when using ammonia as a fuel).
Materials which are compatible with the use and storage of the reactant gases shall be used
during testing.
In summary, safely operating a test station requires appropriate technical training and
experience as well as safety facilities and equipment, all of which are outside the scope of this
document.
5 Cell/stack assembly unit
A cell/stack assembly unit includes a cell or stack, gas supply, current leads, and such other
peripherals as required for power generation. It shall be provided with single or multiple
measuring points for temperature and voltage, and one set of current lead points, all to be
specified by the manufacturer.
As shown in Annex A, the boundary of a cell assembly unit goes through the anode gas supply
port, cathode gas supply port, temperature, pressure measuring point, current lead points,
voltage measuring points and mechanical load application points.
Some cell/stack assembly units can have no exhaust port for the anode gas or cathode gas
because of the configuration of the cells. In such cases, the gas flow field pattern and its
material shall be determined by the method recommended by the manufacturer. The load
application method shall be also based on the recommendation of the manufacturer. The
maximum operating temperature recommended by the manufacturer shall not be exceeded.
If the components of a cell/stack assembly unit other than a cell/stack are not specified by the
manufacturer, the following shall be described in the test report, as a minimum:
a) materials and geometry of the peripheral components to be used for testing;
b) flow patterns and directions of anode and cathode gases;
c) locations of temperature measurement, mechanical load application, voltage measurement
and current leads;
d) magnitude of the mechanical load;
e) configuration of assembly unit and its assembling method.
6 Testing system
6.1 Subsystems in testing system
6.1.1 General
As shown in Figure 1, a testing system consists of an anode gas control subsystem, cathode
gas control subsystem, cell/stack assembly unit temperature control subsystem, output power
control subsystem, measurement and data acquisition subsystem and safety subsystem. It can
also include a mechanical load control subsystem, anode gas and cathode gas pressure control
subsystem or a test system control subsystem that controls the whole testing system, or both,
if necessary.
IEC 62282-7-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 13 –

Figure 1 – Testing system
6.1.2 Anode gas control subsystem
The anode gas control subsystem controls the flow rate, composition and temperature of the
anode gas supplied to the cell/stack assembly unit. If the gas composition is to be maintained
throughout the piping, then the materials, temperature, inner diameter and length of the piping
shall be selected such as to ensure that any changes the gas composition can have within the
piping are insignificant. Where necessary, the piping shall be heated or thermally insulated, or
both in order to prevent condensation of water vapour.
Care should be taken to avoid other phenomena, such as carbon deposits, and the evaporation
and transport of undesired materials in the gas streams, such as chromium species.
6.1.3 Cathode gas control subsystem
The cathode gas control subsystem controls the flow rate, composition and temperature of the
cathode gas supplied to the cell/stack assem
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