SIST EN 12697-25:2016
(Main)Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 25: Cyclic compression test
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 25: Cyclic compression test
This European Standard specifies three test methods (A1, A2 and B) for determining the resistance of bituminous mixtures to permanent deformation by cyclic compression tests with confinement. The tests make it possible to rank various mixtures or to check on the acceptability of a given mixture. They do not allow making a quantitative prediction of rutting in the field to be made.
Test methods A1 and A2 describe methods for determining the creep characteristics of bituminous mixtures by means of a uniaxial cyclic compression test with some confinement present. In this test a cylindrical test specimen is subjected to a cyclic axial stress. Method A2 is preferred for mastic asphalt and Method A1 for other asphalt mixtures. To achieve a certain confinement, the diameter of the loading platen is taken smaller than that of the test specimen. In test method A1, the test specimen is loaded by block-pulses whereas in method A2 haversine loading with rest time is applied.
Test method B describes the method for determining the creep characteristics of bituminous mixtures by means of the triaxial cyclic compression test. In this test a cylindrical test specimen is subjected to a defined confining stress and a cyclic axial stress. This test is most often used for the purpose of evaluation and development of new types of mixtures.
This European Standard applies to test specimens prepared in the laboratory or cored from the road. The maximum size of the aggregates is 32 mm.
NOTE 1 Confinement of the test specimen is necessary to simulate realistic rutting behaviour, especially for gap-graded mixtures with a large stone fraction.
NOTE 2 For the purpose of Type Testing, the test conditions are given in EN 13108-20.
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 25: Druckschwellversuch
Diese Europäische Norm legt drei Prüfverfahren (A1, A2 und B) zur Bestimmung der Beständigkeit von Asphalt gegen bleibende Verformung mithilfe von Druckschwellversuchen mit Behinderung der Querdehnung fest. Diese Prüfungen erlauben es, verschiedene Mischgüter einzustufen oder die Eignung eines bestimmten Mischgutes zu prüfen. Sie gestatten keine quantitative Vorhersage hinsichtlich der Spurrinnenbildung auf der Straße.
Die Prüfverfahren A1 und A2 beschreiben Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Kriecheigenschaften von Asphalt mit Hilfe eines einaxialen Druckschwellversuchs mit begrenzter Behinderung der Querdehnung. Bei dieser Prüfung wird ein zylindrischer Probekörper einer zyklischen axialen Dehnung ausgesetzt. Verfahren A2 ist vorzugsweise für Gussasphalt und Verfahren A1 für sonstige Asphaltmischungen anzuwenden. Um eine bestimmte Behinde¬rung der Querdehnung zu erreichen, wird für die Lastplatte ein Durchmesser gewählt, der kleiner ist als der des Probekörpers. Im Prüfverfahren A1 wird der Probekörper durch Blockimpulse belastet, während in Verfahren A2 die Belastung in Form eines Haversine-Impulses mit Lastpause erfolgt.
Das Prüfverfahren B beschreibt das Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Kriecheigenschaften von Asphalt mit Hilfe des triaxialen Druckschwellversuchs. Bei dieser Prüfung wird ein zylindrischer Probekörper einem Druck zur definierten Behinderung der Querdehnung und einer zyklischen axialen Dehnung ausgesetzt. Die Prüfung wird sehr häufig für die Bewertung und die Entwicklung neuer Arten von Mischgütern verwendet.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Probekörper, die entweder im Labor hergestellt oder durch Bohrkernentnahme aus der Straße gewonnen wurden. Die maximale Korngröße beträgt 32 mm.
ANMERKUNG 1 Die Behinderung der Querdehnung des Probekörpers ist erforderlich, um das tatsächliche Verhalten bei der Spurrinnen¬bildung, besonders für Mischgüter mit Ausfallkörnung mit einem großen Splittanteil, vorherzusagen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Zum Zweck der Übereinstimmung mit EN 13108 sind die Prüfbedingungen in EN 13108-20 beschrieben.
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 25 : Essai de compression cyclique
La présente Norme européenne décrit trois méthodes d’essai (A1, A2 et B) destinées à déterminer la résistance à la déformation permanente de mélanges bitumineux par des essais de compression cyclique sous confinement. Les essais permettent de classifier différents mélanges ou de vérifier l’acceptabilité d’un mélange donné. Ils ne permettent pas de réaliser une prédiction quantitative de l’orniérage sur le terrain.
Les méthodes d’essai A1 et A2 décrivent les modes opératoires pour déterminer les caractéristiques de fluage de mélanges bitumineux au moyen d’un essai de compression cyclique uni-axial sous un certain confinement. Lors de cet essai, une éprouvette cylindrique est soumise à une contrainte axiale cyclique. La méthode A2 est recommandée pour l'asphalte coulé routier et la méthode A1 pour les autres mélanges hydrocarbonés. Pour obtenir un certain confinement, le diamètre du piston de chargement est pris inférieur à celui de l’éprouvette. Dans la méthode A1, l'éprouvette est mise en charge en créneau alors que, dans la méthode A2, une mise en charge par impulsion sinusoïdale avec décalage d'origine et un temps de repos est appliquée.
La méthode d’essai B décrit le mode opératoire pour déterminer les caractéristiques de fluage de mélanges bitumineux au moyen d’un essai de compression cyclique triaxial. Lors de cet essai, une éprouvette cylindrique est soumise à une contrainte de confinement et à une contrainte axiale cyclique. Cet essai est le plus souvent utilisé dans le but d’évaluer et de développer de nouveaux types de mélanges.
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux éprouvettes préparées en laboratoire ou extraites de la chaussée. La dimension maximale des granulats est de 32 mm.
NOTE 1 Le confinement de l’éprouvette est nécessaire pour simuler un comportement à l’orniérage réaliste, en particulier pour les mélanges à granulométrie discontinue avec une fraction importante de gravillons.
NOTE 2 Dans le cas de spécifications conformes aux normes EN 13108, les conditions d’essai sont données dans l'EN 13108-20.
Bitumenske zmesi - Preskusne metode - 25. del: Ciklični tlačni preskus
Ta evropski standard opisuje tri preskusne metode (A1, A2 in B) za določanje odpornosti bitumenskih zmesi na trajno deformacijo s cikličnimi tlačnimi preskusi z osamitvijo. Preskusi omogočajo razvrščanje različnih zmesi ali preverjanje njihove sprejemljivosti. Ne uporabljajo se za predvidevanje o količini kolesnic.
Preskusni metodi A1 in A2 opisujeta metode za določanje značilnosti lezenja bitumenskih zmesi s pomočjo enoosnih cikličnih tlačnih preskusov z nekaj osamitve. Pri tem preskusu je cilindrični primerek podvržen ciklični osni napetosti. Metoda A2 je priporočljiva za liti asfalt, metoda A1 pa za druge asfaltne zmesi. Za dosego osamitve se uporabi manjši premer obremenilne plošče kot pri vzorcu.
OPOMBA 1: Osamitev vzorca je nujno potrebna za realno simulacijo kolesnic, posebej za granulatne zmesi z večjo frakcijo.
Pri preskusni metodi A1 preskušanec obremenimo z blokovnimi pulzi, v metodi A2 pa s sinusnimi obremenitvami in počivanjem.
Preskusna metoda B opisuje metodo za določanje značilnosti lezenja bitumenskih zmesi s pomočjo triosnih cikličnih tlačnih preskusov. Pri tem preskusu je cilindrični preskušanec izpostavljen pritisku na obod in ciklični osni napetosti. Ta preskus se najpogosteje uporablja za ocenjevanje in razvoj novih tipov zmesi.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za preskušance, pripravljene v laboratoriju ali pridobljene s ceste. Največja velikost skupka je 32 mm.
OPOMBA 2: Za namene skladnosti s standardom EN 13108 so preskusni pogoji podani v standardu EN 13108-20.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Public Enquiry End Date
- 14-Jan-2014
- Publication Date
- 18-Oct-2016
- Technical Committee
- CES - Roads
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 18-Aug-2016
- Due Date
- 23-Oct-2016
- Completion Date
- 19-Oct-2016
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2020
Overview
EN 12697-25:2016 - Bituminous mixtures: Test methods - Part 25: Cyclic compression test - is a CEN standard that defines laboratory procedures to assess the resistance of bituminous mixtures to permanent deformation (rutting) using cyclic compression with confinement. The standard specifies three test methods (A1, A2 and B) to rank mixtures or check acceptability. It applies to specimens prepared in the laboratory or cored from pavements (maximum aggregate size 32 mm). Note: these tests are for comparative evaluation and do not provide a quantitative prediction of field rutting.
Key topics and requirements
- Three test methods
- Method A1 (uniaxial, block-pulse) - uniaxial cyclic compression with partial confinement; preferred for most asphalt mixtures other than mastic asphalt.
- Method A2 (uniaxial, haversine with rest time) - similar confinement geometry but uses a haversine loading pulse with rest; preferred for mastic asphalt.
- Method B (triaxial cyclic compression) - applies a defined confining stress and cyclic axial stress; commonly used for evaluation and development of new mixture types.
- Confinement - simulated by using a loading platen smaller than the specimen diameter to reproduce realistic rutting behaviour, especially important for gap‑graded mixes with large stone fractions.
- Specimen types - moulded laboratory specimens or cores from existing pavements; procedures for preparation, conditioning, temperature control, friction-reduction at platen surfaces and measurement are specified.
- Measured outputs - cumulative permanent deformation (strain/settlement), creep curves, creep rate and creep modulus. Test report content and precision statements are defined.
- Limitations - clearly states test purpose is ranking and acceptability checks rather than direct field rut depth prediction.
Practical applications
- Comparative ranking of asphalt mixes for rutting susceptibility
- Acceptance testing during production or quality control of hot mix asphalt
- Mix design development and evaluation of new binders/additives
- Research on deformation mechanisms, creep behaviour and confined compression responses
- Support for pavement engineers assessing suitability of gap‑graded and mastic asphalt formulations
Who should use it
- Pavement and materials engineers
- Asphalt laboratory technicians and quality control personnel
- Mix designers and material suppliers
- Road authorities, consultants and researchers involved in pavement performance testing
Related standards
- EN 13108-20 (type testing conditions for related asphalt products) - referenced for type testing conditions
- Other EN 12697 series methods (e.g., wheel tracking EN 12697-22, stiffness EN 12697-26) for complementary performance evaluation
Keywords: EN 12697-25:2016, cyclic compression test, bituminous mixtures, permanent deformation, rutting, uniaxial cyclic compression, triaxial cyclic compression, mastic asphalt, pavement testing, laboratory specimens.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 12697-25:2016 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 25: Cyclic compression test". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies three test methods (A1, A2 and B) for determining the resistance of bituminous mixtures to permanent deformation by cyclic compression tests with confinement. The tests make it possible to rank various mixtures or to check on the acceptability of a given mixture. They do not allow making a quantitative prediction of rutting in the field to be made. Test methods A1 and A2 describe methods for determining the creep characteristics of bituminous mixtures by means of a uniaxial cyclic compression test with some confinement present. In this test a cylindrical test specimen is subjected to a cyclic axial stress. Method A2 is preferred for mastic asphalt and Method A1 for other asphalt mixtures. To achieve a certain confinement, the diameter of the loading platen is taken smaller than that of the test specimen. In test method A1, the test specimen is loaded by block-pulses whereas in method A2 haversine loading with rest time is applied. Test method B describes the method for determining the creep characteristics of bituminous mixtures by means of the triaxial cyclic compression test. In this test a cylindrical test specimen is subjected to a defined confining stress and a cyclic axial stress. This test is most often used for the purpose of evaluation and development of new types of mixtures. This European Standard applies to test specimens prepared in the laboratory or cored from the road. The maximum size of the aggregates is 32 mm. NOTE 1 Confinement of the test specimen is necessary to simulate realistic rutting behaviour, especially for gap-graded mixtures with a large stone fraction. NOTE 2 For the purpose of Type Testing, the test conditions are given in EN 13108-20.
This European Standard specifies three test methods (A1, A2 and B) for determining the resistance of bituminous mixtures to permanent deformation by cyclic compression tests with confinement. The tests make it possible to rank various mixtures or to check on the acceptability of a given mixture. They do not allow making a quantitative prediction of rutting in the field to be made. Test methods A1 and A2 describe methods for determining the creep characteristics of bituminous mixtures by means of a uniaxial cyclic compression test with some confinement present. In this test a cylindrical test specimen is subjected to a cyclic axial stress. Method A2 is preferred for mastic asphalt and Method A1 for other asphalt mixtures. To achieve a certain confinement, the diameter of the loading platen is taken smaller than that of the test specimen. In test method A1, the test specimen is loaded by block-pulses whereas in method A2 haversine loading with rest time is applied. Test method B describes the method for determining the creep characteristics of bituminous mixtures by means of the triaxial cyclic compression test. In this test a cylindrical test specimen is subjected to a defined confining stress and a cyclic axial stress. This test is most often used for the purpose of evaluation and development of new types of mixtures. This European Standard applies to test specimens prepared in the laboratory or cored from the road. The maximum size of the aggregates is 32 mm. NOTE 1 Confinement of the test specimen is necessary to simulate realistic rutting behaviour, especially for gap-graded mixtures with a large stone fraction. NOTE 2 For the purpose of Type Testing, the test conditions are given in EN 13108-20.
SIST EN 12697-25:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 12697-25:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 12697-25:2005, SIST EN 12697-25:2016/oprA1:2020. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
SIST EN 12697-25:2016 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.HVNXVAsphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 25: DruckschwellversuchMélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 25 : Essai de compression cycliqueBituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 25: Cyclic compression test93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12697-25:2016SIST EN 12697-25:2016en,fr,de01-november-2016SIST EN 12697-25:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12697-25:20051DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12697-25
July
t r s x ICS
{ uä r z rä t r Supersedes EN
s t x { yæ t wã t r r wEnglish Version
Bituminous mixtures æ Test methods æ Part
t wã Cyclic compression test Mélanges bitumineux æ Méthodes d 5essai æ Partie
t w ã Essai de compression cyclique
Asphalt æ Prüfverfahren æ Teil
t wã DruckschwellversuchThis European Standard was approved by CEN on
s { May
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s t x { yæ t wã t r s x ESIST EN 12697-25:2016
Procedure for correction of test results obtained from test specimen of varied age . 35
1) Currently at Enquiry stage. 2) In preparation. 3) In preparation for CEN/TS or EN. SIST EN 12697-25:2016
Key n cumulative axial strain n number of loading cycles 1 stage 1 2 stage 2 3 stage 3 4 turning point 5 creep rate fc Figure 1 — Example of creep curve 3.3 Creep rate slope of axial strain of the test specimen after a given number of loading cycles SIST EN 12697-25:2016
Figure 2 — Lower edge of the platen 7.2.2 Loading pulse A schematic representation of the test device is given in Figure 3. There is no additional lateral confinement pressure applied. SIST EN 12697-25:2016
Figure 3 — Test apparatus The test specimen is loaded by a rectangular (see Figure 4 and Figure 5) and periodical vertical stress pulse, with a frequency of 0,5 Hz and a load of (100 ± 2) kPa. NOTE For this test method pneumatic test devices are applicable.
Key 1 strain, percent (%) t time, s 2 stress, kPa A strain at preload, percent (%) 3 preload, kPa
n cumulative axial strain, percent (%) 4
minimum stress, kPa
Figure 4 — Stress and strain curve for rectangular pulse loading SIST EN 12697-25:2016
Key 1 load 2 duration of the pulse
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 < 20 % of the whole pulse Figure 5 — Loading curve for block pulse loading 7.3 Test method A2 – Haversine pulse loading 7.3.1 Upper loading plate The upper platen has a diameter of 56,4 ± 0,2 mm (resulting in a loading area of 2500 mm2), thickness (30 ± 0,5) mm and mass (0,59 ± 0,05) kg. A schematic representation of the upper platen is represented in Figure 6. SIST EN 12697-25:2016
Key 1 steel sphere: allow adjustment of non-horizontal specimen surface Figure 6 — Upper loading platen for test method A2 7.3.2 Loading pulse The test specimen is subjected to a cyclic axial haversine-pulse pressure with rest time, as represented in Figure 7. The loading pulse shall have a duration of 0,2 s with a rest period of 1,5 s between the loading pulses (see Figure 7). NOTE For this test method hydraulic test devices are applicable. SIST EN 12697-25:2016
Key 1 loading cycle σ
stress, kPa σmin minimum pulse stress, 80 kPa a loading pulse t time, s σmax maximum pulse stress, 350 kPa b rest period
Figure 7 — Loading curve for haversine pulse loading 7.4 Test specimen The test specimen shall have the following dimensions: — the test specimen shall have a height of (60 ± 2) mm and a diameter of (148 ± 5) mm; — the variations between the measurements according to EN 12697-29 shall not vary more than 1,0 mm for the height and 2,0 mm for the diameter. In case of cored test specimens from the road and if the height of the individual test specimen is not high enough, two test specimens may be put one on top of the other (but not more than two). The same demands for evenness and plan-parallelism as for one test specimen shall be met for each of the test specimens as for the two put together. Each of the test specimens shall have a height of at least 25 mm (the two test specimens put together shall still have a height of (60 ± 2) mm). The test specimens are put together without the use of any kind of substance. Damage to the test specimen shall be avoided in all stages of sampling, transport and preparation before testing. During transport and storage the slab and drilled core test specimen shall be fully supported to prevent deformation or damage. 7.5 Conditioning 7.5.1 Storing conditions The test specimens shall be stored for between 14 days and 42 days from the time of their manufacture at a temperature not more than 20 °C. Test specimens shall be fully supported and not be stacked on top of each other. Any damage shall be prevented. SIST EN 12697-25:2016
7.6.3.1 Loading conditions (Method A1) A preload shall be applied. The accuracy on the preload control shall be ± 10 % or better. NOTE 1 A typical value for tests on rolled asphalt according to method A1 is (72 ± 7) N (this corresponds to a pre-stress of (10 ± 1) kPa on a test specimen with a diameter of the loading surface of 96 mm) which is applied for (120 ± 6) s. NOTE 2 The upper platen gives a constant static load, which however is not included in the cyclic load. The registration of test specimen deformation shall be started directly after the preloading. Immediately after the preloading time has ended, the periodic load shall be applied according to EN 13108-20 and Clauses 7.2.2 of this standard. For tests according to method A1 where a block loading is applied (see Clause 7.2.2), The loading time for each pulse shall be (1 ± 0,05) s. The accuracy on the period load shall be ± 10 % or better. The loading pulse can be seen in Figure 4 and Figure 5. Every rest period between the pulses shall be (1 ± 0,05) s as well, meaning a frequency of approximately 0,5 Hz. Totally nmax = 3600 pulses shall be applied (total time for the test about 2 h). A typical value for the axial load is (724 ± 14) N SIST EN 12697-25:2016
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