SIST ETS 300 684:1998
(Main)Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for commercially available amateur radio equipment
- Abstract
Covers EMC assessment of amateur radio equipment which is commercially available on the market. The ETS may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Sep-1998
- Technical Committee
- RES - Radio equipment and systems
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Oct-1998
- Due Date
- 01-Oct-1998
- Completion Date
- 01-Oct-1998
- Mandate
- T-353
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 is the Slovene publication of ETS 300 684, an ETSI European Telecommunications Standard for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) assessment of commercially available amateur radio equipment. It specifies the EMC tests, measurement methods, limits and minimum performance criteria for amateur radio transmitters, receivers, transceivers and related ancillary equipment. The standard is aimed at manufacturers, test laboratories and assessors who need a technical basis for EMC Directive 89/336/EEC work.
What does SIST ETS 300 684:1998 specify?
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 covers EMC assessment for commercially available amateur radio equipment. It applies to equipment for use by radio amateurs, including ready-to-use products as well as modules or components with intrinsic functionality.
The standard is organized into 10 clauses plus one normative annex. Clauses 1 to 10 cover scope, normative references, definitions, test conditions, performance assessment, performance criteria, applicability overview tables, emission tests, immunity tests and interpretation of results. Annex A links the technical clauses to the essential requirements of EC Council Directive 89/336/EEC.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| A | Clauses and subclauses relevant for compliance with the essential requirements of EC Council Directive 89/336/EEC |
The scope ties the EMC environment to the generic residential, commercial and light industrial classifications used in EN 50081-1 and EN 50082-1, with vehicular use linked to ISO 7637. It also states that the results support EMC conformity work, but not licensing or safety requirements.
What are the key requirements of SIST ETS 300 684:1998?
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 requires the manufacturer to declare the information needed to run and judge the tests. Clause 5 expects the intended functions, ancillary equipment, link-check method, modulation, maximum duty cycle, transmit time limits, port list, worst-case operating mode, filter bandwidth, antenna load impedance and receiver source impedance to be documented. In practice, this means the test house needs enough product information to set up realistic operating conditions and to judge whether a failure is real or simply a test artifact.
Clause 4 sets the test conditions. The equipment must be tested within its declared temperature, humidity and supply-voltage range, in a configuration as close as possible to normal intended use. Clause 4.1.1 also tells the tester where to set the radio frequencies: at band centres for single-band and double-band equipment, and at the lowest, middle and highest band centres for multi-band equipment. This makes the EMC results representative of the way the product will actually be used.
Clause 5.2 classifies equipment as base station, mobile or portable by manufacturer declaration. If one product is intended for more than one EMC environment, it has to be tested with each declared power source and under conditions that match each environment. That matters because a portable radio powered from a vehicle battery, for example, also needs the vehicular test conditions.
Clause 6 defines the performance criteria. Primary user functions must meet the specific criteria in subclauses 6.1 to 6.3, while secondary user functions use the general criteria in 6.4. The criteria are built around three patterns: no more than acceptable degradation during the test, self-recovery after the test, or recovery by the operator. For communications equipment, the standard also protects key outcomes such as maintaining a link, avoiding unintended RF transmission and preserving stored data and user control functions.
The emission part, Clause 8, covers the antenna port, enclosure port, DC power input/output port and AC mains power input/output port. It gives the measurement methods, frequency ranges, bandwidths, detector requirements and limits for active, standby and receive modes. For the enclosure port, the document includes outdoor site measurements, an optional indoor site and an alternative fully anechoic RF chamber arrangement. For the power ports, the methods follow EN 55022 and use LISN-based conducted measurements where relevant.
The immunity part, Clause 9, covers RF conducted immunity at the antenna port, RF field and electrostatic discharge at the enclosure, RF immunity and fast transients on DC and AC ports, surges and voltage dips on AC mains, signal/control port immunity, and vehicular DC interface tests for 12 V and 24 V equipment. Clause 9 also defines exclusion bands around the wanted frequency and explains how to treat narrow-band responses. In practice, this tells the tester which disturbances apply to each port and operating mode, and which responses should count as failures.
Clause 10 says the measured value is compared with the corresponding limit, and that the measurements must follow the basic standards named in the document. That makes the test report a direct pass/fail record rather than a narrative judgment.
What terms does SIST ETS 300 684:1998 define?
- Equipment Under Test (EUT) - the device being tested for EMC performance.
- Ancillary equipment - equipment used with a receiver, transmitter or transceiver to add operational or control features, but not usable on its own.
- Support equipment - equipment that can work independently, even when it is also used with the EUT.
- Port - a connection point or boundary through which the apparatus interfaces with the external electromagnetic environment.
- Maximum usable sensitivity - the minimum receiver input level that still produces the declared output quality, such as SINAD or Bit Error Ratio (BER).
- Unwanted emission - the combined set of spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions.
- Spurious emissions - emissions outside the necessary bandwidth that can be reduced without affecting transmission.
- Base station equipment - amateur radio equipment powered from the public AC power network, directly or through an AC/DC converter.
Who uses SIST ETS 300 684:1998?
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 is used by manufacturers and suppliers of amateur radio equipment, EMC test laboratories, and conformity assessors preparing technical documentation for the EMC Directive. It is also relevant to quality managers and buyers who need to know whether a product family includes transmitters, receivers, transceivers, RF amplifiers, transverters or ancillary equipment covered by this standard.
The standard is most useful when a product has to be designed, tested or documented for commercial sale and for use in residential, commercial, light industrial or vehicular environments. It helps teams choose the right test ports, operating modes and declared performance criteria before running compliance tests.
Which standards are used with SIST ETS 300 684:1998?
- EN 50081-1 - provides the generic emission standard basis for residential, commercial and light industry environments.
- EN 50082-1 - provides the generic immunity standard basis for residential, commercial and light industry environments.
- 89/336/EEC - the EMC Directive that the ETS was written to support.
- ITU Radio Regulations - define the radio amateur context used in the scope.
- EN 55022 - supplies the conducted emissions measurement method for DC and AC power ports.
- CISPR 16-1 - supplies measuring apparatus and detector requirements.
- ENV 50140 - supplies the radiated RF immunity test method used at the enclosure.
- IEC 1000-4-2 - supplies the electrostatic discharge immunity test method.
- IEC 1000-4-4 - supplies the fast transient/burst immunity method.
- EN 61000-4-6 - supplies conducted RF immunity on power and signal ports.
- EN 61000-4-11 - supplies voltage dip and interruption immunity.
- ENV 50142 - supplies surge immunity.
- ISO 7637 - supplies vehicular transient disturbance tests for 12 V and 24 V systems.
- EN 50147 - supplies the chamber suitability basis for the fully anechoic RF chamber option.
What does the SIST ETS 300 684:1998 document contain?
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 is a table-driven test standard. It contains applicability tables for emissions and immunity, detailed emission and immunity limits by port and operating mode, and the operating criteria used to judge pass or fail. It also gives the test configurations for transmitter output monitoring, receiver wanted-signal injection, exclusion bands and the treatment of narrow-band responses.
The document includes radiated test-site descriptions, including outdoor, indoor and fully anechoic RF chamber arrangements, plus figures showing the apparatus ports and the test geometry. It also includes the vehicle DC interface pulse tables for 12 V and 24 V equipment and Annex A, which maps the EMC-related clauses to the essential requirements of the EMC Directive.
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for commercially available amateur radio equipment". This standard covers: Covers EMC assessment of amateur radio equipment which is commercially available on the market. The ETS may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
Covers EMC assessment of amateur radio equipment which is commercially available on the market. The ETS may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment; 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: T-353. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
SIST ETS 300 684:1998 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-1998
Radijska oprema in sistemi (RES) - Standard elektromagnetne združljivosti (EMC)
komercialno dostopne amaterske radijske opreme
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for
commercially available amateur radio equipment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 684 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN ETS 300 684
TELECOMMUNICATION January 1997
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: DE/RES-09016
ICS: 33.020
Key words: Amateur, EMC, radio, testing
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard
for commercially available amateur radio equipment
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved.
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
Contents
Foreword .7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.9
3 Definitions, abbreviations and symbols.10
3.1 Definitions .10
3.2 Abbreviations .12
3.3 Symbols .12
4 Test conditions .12
4.1 Test conditions: general.12
4.1.1 EUT test frequencies.13
4.2 Test conditions: immunity testing.13
4.2.1 Arrangements for wanted signals at the modulation input of the
transmitter .13
4.2.2 Arrangements for monitoring the RF output of the transmitter.14
4.2.3 Arrangements for wanted signals at the input of the receiver .14
4.2.4 Arrangements for monitoring the output of the receiver.14
4.2.5 Receiver: exclusion band for immunity testing.14
4.2.6 Receiver: narrow band responses.15
4.2.7 Transmitter: exclusion band for immunity testing.15
4.3 Test conditions: emissions testing.15
4.3.1 Transmitter: exclusion band for emissions testing .15
5 Performance assessment .16
5.1 General .16
5.2 Equipment classification .16
6 Performance criteria.16
6.1 General performance criteria (primary user functions).17
6.2 Particular performance criteria: (primary user functions) transmitters, receivers,
transceivers, RF amplifiers and transverters .18
6.2.1 Tests with phenomena of a continuous nature .18
6.2.2 Tests with phenomena of a transient nature .18
6.2.3 Tests with voltage dips .18
6.2.4 Tests with power interruptions.18
6.3 Particular performance criteria: ancillary equipment.18
6.4 General performance criteria (secondary user functions) .19
7 Applicability overview tables.20
7.1 Emissions testing.20
7.2 Immunity testing.20
8 Test methods and limits for emission tests.21
8.1 Emission: antenna port .21
8.1.1 Definitions.21
8.1.2 Method of measurement .21
8.1.3 Limits: antenna port in transmitter-active mode .22
8.1.4 Limits: antenna port in standby mode .23
8.1.5 Limits: antenna port in receive mode .23
8.2 Emissions: enclosure port.23
8.2.1 Definition .23
8.2.2 EUT termination .23
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
8.2.3 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use
of radiated fields . 23
8.2.3.1 Outdoor test site. 23
8.2.3.2 Method of measurement. 24
8.2.3.3 Optional indoor test site . 26
8.2.3.4 Further alternative test site using a fully anechoic RF
chamber . 26
8.2.4 Limits: transmitter active mode. 27
8.2.5 Limits: standby mode. 27
8.2.6 Limits: receive mode. 27
8.3 Emission: DC power input/output port. 27
8.3.1 Definition. 27
8.3.2 Method of measurement. 27
8.3.3 Limits: transmitter active mode. 28
8.3.4 Limits: standby mode. 29
8.3.5 Limits: receive mode. 29
8.4 Emission: AC mains power input/output port . 29
8.4.1 Definition. 29
8.4.2 Method of measurement:. 29
8.4.3 Limits: transmit active mode. 30
8.4.4 Limits: standby mode. 30
8.4.5 Limits: receive mode. 31
9 Test methods and levels for immunity tests . 31
9.1 Test configuration. 31
9.1.1 Arrangement for test signals in receive mode . 31
9.2 Immunity: antenna port, RF conducted . 32
9.2.1 Definition. 32
9.2.2 Method of measurement: transmitter active mode. 32
9.2.3 Receive mode. 32
9.2.3.1 Method of measurement. 32
9.2.3.2 Arrangement for test signals. 33
9.2.3.3 Levels: RF conducted differential mode. 33
9.3 Immunity: enclosure port. 33
9.3.1 Definition. 33
9.3.2 Transmitter active mode. 34
9.3.2.1 Method of measurements: RF immunity. 34
9.3.2.2 Levels: RF immunity. 34
9.3.2.3 Method of measurement: electrostatic discharge. 34
9.3.2.4 Levels: electrostatic discharge. 34
9.3.3 Standby and receive mode . 34
9.3.3.1 Method of measurement: RF immunity. 34
9.3.3.2 Levels: RF immunity. 34
9.3.3.3 Method of measurement: electrostatic discharge. 34
9.3.3.4 Levels: electrostatic discharge. 35
9.4 Immunity: DC power input/output port. 35
9.4.1 Definition. 35
9.4.2 Transmitter active mode. 35
9.4.2.1 Method of measurement: RF immunity, common mode,
0,15 MHz - 80 MHz . 35
9.4.2.2 Levels: RF immunity, common mode, 0,15 MHz - 80 MHz. 35
9.4.2.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode . 35
9.4.2.4 Levels: fast transients common mode . 36
9.4.3 Standby and receive mode . 36
9.4.3.1 Method of measurement: RF immunity, common mode,
0,15 MHz - 80 MHz . 36
9.4.3.2 Levels: RF immunity, common mode, 0,15 MHz - 80 MHz. 36
9.4.3.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode . 36
9.4.3.4 Levels: fast transients common mode . 37
9.5 Immunity: AC power input/output port. 37
9.5.1 Definition. 37
9.5.2 Transmitter active mode. 37
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
9.5.2.1 Method of measurement: RF electromagnetic disturbance
common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .37
9.5.2.2 Levels: RF immunity common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .37
9.5.2.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode.38
9.5.2.4 Levels: fast transients common mode.38
9.5.2.5 Method of measurement: surges common and differential
mode.38
9.5.2.6 Levels: surges common and differential mode.38
9.5.2.7 Method of measurement: voltage dips and power
interruptions.38
9.5.2.8 Levels: voltage dips and power interruptions.39
9.5.3 Standby mode .39
9.5.3.1 Method of measurement: RF immunity common mode,
0,15 - 80 MHz .39
9.5.3.2 Levels: RF immunity common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .39
9.5.3.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode.39
9.5.3.4 Levels: fast transients common mode.39
9.5.3.5 Method of measurement: surges common and differential
mode.39
9.5.3.6 Levels: surges common and differential mode.40
9.5.3.7 Method of measurement: voltage dips and power
interruptions.40
9.5.3.8 Levels: voltage dips and power interruptions.40
9.5.4 Receive mode .40
9.5.4.1 Method of measurement: RF immunity common mode,
0,15 - 80 MHz .40
9.5.4.2 Levels: RF immunity common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .41
9.5.4.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode.41
9.5.4.4 Levels: fast transients common mode.41
9.5.4.5 Method of measurement: surges common and differential
mode.41
9.5.4.6 Levels: surges common and differential mode.41
9.5.4.7 Method of measurement: voltage dips and power
interruptions.41
9.5.4.8 Levels: voltage dips and power interruptions.42
9.6 Immunity: signal/control input/output port .42
9.6.1 Definition .42
9.6.2 Transmitter active mode.42
9.6.2.1 Method of measurement: RF electromagnetic disturbance
common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .42
9.6.2.2 Levels: RF immunity common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .42
9.6.2.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode.43
9.6.2.4 Levels: fast transients common mode.43
9.6.3 Standby mode .43
9.6.3.1 Method of measurement: RF immunity common mode,
0,15 - 80 MHz .43
9.6.3.2 Levels: RF immunity common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .43
9.6.3.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode.43
9.6.3.4 Levels: fast transients common mode.44
9.6.4 Receive mode .44
9.6.4.1 Method of measurement: RF immunity common mode,
0,15 - 80 MHz .44
9.6.4.2 Levels: RF immunity common mode, 0,15 - 80 MHz .44
9.6.4.3 Method of measurement: fast transients common mode.44
9.6.4.4 Levels: fast transients common mode.45
9.7 Immunity: vehicle DC power interface port .45
9.7.1 Definition .45
9.7.2 Method of measurement .45
9.7.3 Immunity levels: 12 V DC powered equipment .45
9.7.4 Immunity levels: 24 V DC powered equipment .46
10 Interpretation of the measurement results .46
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
Annex A (normative): Clauses and/or subclauses of this ETS relevant for compliance with the
essential requirements of EC Council Directives. 47
History. 48
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio Equipment and
Systems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in
response to European Commission mandate [BC-T-353].
This ETS is intended to become a Harmonized EMC Standard, the reference of which is intended to be
published in the Official Journal of the European Commission referencing the EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC.
Conformity to the Harmonized Standard will confer presumption of compliance with the essential
requirements of the EMC Directive.
The technical specifications, which are relevant to the EMC Directive are listed in annex A.
This ETS is based upon the Generic Standards EN 50081-1 [1] and EN 50082-1 [2], and other standards
where appropriate, to meet the essential requirements of the Council Directive 89/336/EEC [3].
Transposition dates
Date of adoption 20 December 1996
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 30 April 1997
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 October 1997
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 1997
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
1 Scope
This European Telecommunications Standard (ETS) covers the assessment of radio communication and
ancillary equipment in respect of ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC).
This ETS specifies the applicable EMC tests, the methods of measurement, the limits and the minimum
performance criteria for radio equipment intended to be used by radio amateurs within the meaning of
article 1, definition 53 of the Radio Regulations in the International Telecommunications Convention and
which is available commercially.
This ETS applies to amateur radio equipment either manufactured commercially as ready-to-use
equipment or as modules or as components having an intrinsic functionality.
The environment classifications used in this ETS refers to the environment classification used in the
generic standards EN 50081-1 [1], EN 50082-1 [2], except the vehicular environment class which refers to
ISO 7637 [13], [14].
The EMC requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility for apparatus in
residential, commercial, light industrial and vehicular environments. The levels however, do not cover
extreme cases which may occur in any location but with a low probability of occurrence.
This ETS may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference which is producing
individually repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomena is permanently present, e.g. a
radar or broadcast site in the near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use special protection
applied to either the source of interference or the interfered part or both.
Compliance of radio equipment with the requirements of this ETS does not signify compliance to any
requirements related to the use of the equipment (for example, licensing requirements).
Compliance to this ETS does not signify compliance to any safety requirements. However, it is the
responsibility of the assessor of the equipment that any observation regarding the equipment becoming
dangerous or unsafe as a result of the application of the tests of this ETS, should be properly
documented.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] EN 50081-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard -
Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry".
[2] EN 50082-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard -
Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry".
[3] 89/336/EEC: "Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member
States relating to electromagnetic compatibility".
[4] ITU Radio Regulations 1 - 18.
[5] EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of information technology equipment".
[6] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus".
[7] ENV 50140: "Electromagnetic Compatibility - Basic immunity standard -
Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field. Immunity test".
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
[8] IEC 1000-4-2: "Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and
measurements techniques - Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test.
Basic EMC publication".
[9] IEC 1000-4-4: "Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and
measurements techniques - Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity
test. Basic EMC publication".
[10] EN 61000-4-6: "Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and
measurements techniques - Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances,
induced by radio-frequency fields".
[11] EN 61000-4-11: "Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC); Part 4: Testing and
measurements techniques - Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and
voltage variations immunity tests - Basic EMC publication".
[12] ENV 50142: "Electromagnetic Compatibility - Basic immunity standard. Surge
immunity test".
[13] ISO 7637: "Road vehicles - Electrical disturbance by conducting and coupling -
Part 1: Passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with nominal 12 V supply
voltage - Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only".
[14] ISO 7637: "Road vehicles - Electrical disturbance by conducting and coupling -
Part 2: Commercial vehicles with nominal 24 V supply voltage - Electrical
transient conduction along supply lines only".
[15] EN 50147: "Anechoic chambers - Part 2: Alternative test site suitability with
respect to site attenuation".
3 Definitions, abbreviations and symbols
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:
base station equipment: Used to describe amateur radio equipment which is powered from the public
AC power network, either directly or indirectly to an AC/DC converter.
integral antenna: An antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of an external
connector and considered to be part of the equipment. An integral antenna may be fitted internally or
externally to the equipment.
Manufacturer (SUPPLIER): The legal entity responsible under the terms of the Council Directive
89/336/EEC [3], for placing the product on the market in an EU member state.
maximum usable sensitivity: Minimum receiver Radio Frequency (RF) input signal level to produce a
specified analogue SINAD ratio or Bit Error Ratio (BER), or other specified output quality measure, which
is input signal level related.
mobile equipment: Used to describe all amateur radio equipment powered by a vehicular power supply.
spurious emissions: Emissions on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary
bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of
information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation
products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band emissions.
out-of-band emissions: Emissions on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary
bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.
unwanted emission: Consists of spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions.
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
port: A particular interface of the specified apparatus with the external electromagnetic environment. Any
connection point to an equipment intended for connection of cables to or from that equipment is
considered as a port (see figure 1).
Antenna port
AC power port Earth port
APPARATUS
DC power port Signal/control port
Enclosure port
Figure 1: Examples of ports
enclosure port: The physical boundary of the apparatus through which electromagnetic fields may
radiate or impinge.
portable equipment: Used to describe all portable amateur radio equipment powered by an internal
(and/or) external battery.
NOTE 1: More than one of the equipment classifications may apply to certain equipment as
described in subclause 5.2 depending upon the manufacturer's declaration of normal
intended use.
ancillary equipment: Equipment (apparatus), used in connection with a receiver, transmitter or
transceiver is considered as an ancillary equipment (apparatus) if:
- the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with a receiver, transmitter or transceiver to
provide additional operational and/or control features to the radio equipment (e.g. to extend control
to another position or location); and
- the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis to provide user functions independently of a
receiver, transmitter or transceiver; and
- the receiver, transmitter or transceiver to which it is connected, is capable of providing some
intended operation such as transmitting and/or receiving without the ancillary equipment. (i.e. it is
not a sub unit of the main equipment essential to the main equipment’s basic functions).
support equipment: This is equipment that can be used with the EUT, but which has functionality when
used alone. Modems and/or PC connections are also to be regarded as support equipment, and not as
ancillary equipment.
NOTE 2: The philosophy depends on the manufacturer. It is up to him to declare, for example,
his power supply unit as an integral part of his radio equipment or as a stand-alone
item which would be declared compliant separately. Typical examples of ancillary
equipment include: microphones, loudspeakers, morse keys (manual or
automatic/electronic), desktop 'drop-in' battery chargers for hand-held portables.
Remote front-panels may be considered as ancillary equipment only if the radio has an
integral, permanent front panel as well. Otherwise, demountable front-panels should
be considered as an integral part of the EUT. Embedded PCB assemblies sold as
options, which increase or change the EUT functionality, are regarded as integral to
the EUT and not as ancillary equipment. Snap-on battery packs are also integral parts
of the EUT and not ancillary equipment. Plug-in or screw-on whip antennas are
regarded as integral parts of the EUT and not ancillary equipment, even if the interface
is a 50 Ω connector.
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
BER Bit Error Ratio
DSB-SC Double SideBand Suppressed Carrier
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
emf electromotive force
ESD ElectroStatic Discharge
EUT Equipment Under Test
LISN Line Impedance Stabilizing Network
PEP Peak Envelope Power
RF Radio Frequency
SSB Single SideBand
3.3 Symbols
For the purposes of this ETS, the following symbols apply:
Fb skirt bandwidth
Fc centre frequency of the transmitter necessary bandwidth
Fn necessary bandwidth
HF High Frequency
SINAD Ratio of Signal + Noise + Distortion to Noise + Distortion
VHF Very High Frequency
UHF Ultra High Frequency
4 Test conditions
4.1 Test conditions: general
This subclause defines the requirements for the general test configuration and are as follows:
- the equipment shall be tested under conditions which are within the manufacturer's declared range
of humidity, temperature and supply voltage;
- the test configuration shall be as close as possible to normal intended use;
- where portable (handheld) equipment is provided with a detachable integral antenna, it shall be
tested with the antenna fitted in a manner typical of normal intended use, unless specified otherwise
in this ETS;
- if the equipment with an integral antenna provides an internal antenna connector for testing
purposes, the tests can be made via the terminal;
- if the equipment is part of a system, or can be connected to ancillary equipment, then it shall be
acceptable to test the equipment while connected to the minimum configuration of ancillary
equipment necessary to exercise the ports;
- ports, which in normal operation are connected, shall be connected to an ancillary equipment or to a
representative piece of cable correctly terminated to simulate the impedance of the ancillary
equipment. RF input/output ports shall be correctly terminated;
- if the equipment has a large number of ports, then a sufficient number shall be selected to simulate
the actual operating conditions and to ensure that all different types of termination are tested;
- ports which are not connected to cables during normal intended operation, e.g. service connectors,
programming connectors, temporary connectors etc. shall not be connected to any cables for the
purpose of EMC testing. Where cables have to be connected to these ports, or interconnecting
cables have to be extended in length in order to exercise the EUT, precautions shall be taken to
ensure that the evaluation of the EUT is not affected by the addition or extension of these cables;
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- the tests shall be carried out at a point within the specified normal operating environmental range at
the rated supply voltage for the equipment;
- the test conditions, test configurations modes of operation and the test methods used shall be
properly documented.
The manufacturer shall recommend a power supply for use with the equipment under test (EUT), to
ensure satisfactory operation of the combination during EMC testing. In the event that a range of power
supply units can be used with several of that manufacturer's radios, then each power supply unit shall be
tested with the radio having the highest RF output Peak Envelope Power (PEP). These power supply units
shall then be listed as preferred items for future generations of that manufacturer's radios.
4.1.1 EUT test frequencies
Testing shall be performed with the EUT set to frequencies as follows:
- single-band equipment: test at the centre of the band;
- double-band equipment: test at the centre of both bands;
- HF multi-band equipment or VHF/UHF multi-band equipment: test at the centre of the lowest, the
centre of the middle, and the centre of the highest band;
- HF/VHF, HF/UHF or HF/VHF/UHF combined equipment: test at the centre of the lowest HF band,
the centre of the middle HF band, the centre of the highest HF band, the centre of the lowest
VHF/UHF band, the centre of the middle VHF/UHF band, and the centre of the highest VHF/UHF
band.
4.2 Test conditions: immunity testing
In the case of receivers operating, or capable of operating on a number of frequencies over a wide
frequency band, immunity tests shall be made over a selected number of wanted signal test frequencies.
For the selected wanted signal test frequencies, see subclause 4.1.1.
A communications link shall be established at the start of the test and maintained during the test. The test
modulation, test arrangement etc., as specified in this ETS, subclauses 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.4 and 4.2.5
shall apply and the conditions shall be as follows:
- for transmitter immunity testing under active conditions, in the case of transmitters designed to emit
transmissions with a non constant envelope, the power setting may be reduced to -6 dB with
respect to maximum PEP RF output. In the case of transmitters designed to emit transmissions
with a constant envelope, the EUT may be operated at maximum PEP RF output, or at a level up to
6 dB lower than this in the event of declared thermal limitations;
- for stand alone receivers or receivers of transceivers operating in the simplex mode, the wanted RF
input signal, coupled to the receiver, shall be modulated with a suitable test signal (see
subclause 4.2.3);
- for duplex transceivers, the wanted RF input signal, coupled to the receiver, shall be modulated with
a suitable test signal (see subclause 4.2.3). The transmitter shall be operated at its maximum PEP
RF output, modulated with the test signal, coupled to the transmitter from the output of the receiver
(repeater mode).
4.2.1 Arrangements for wanted signals at the modulation input of the transmitter
The transmitter should be modulated with a suitable signal, from an internal or external signal source. If it
is not appropriate to provide a modulated signal from the transmitter, the test may be performed using an
unmodulated carrier. It shall be possible to verify that a communications link is established and
maintained.
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4.2.2 Arrangements for monitoring the RF output of the transmitter
The measuring equipment used to monitor the output signal of the transmitter shall be located outside of
the test environment. Adequate measures shall be taken to protect the measuring equipment from the
effect of all interference, (e.g. radiated fields and conducted interference).
The output signal of the transmitter shall be coupled to the receiving measuring equipment via a shielded
transmission line, such as a coaxial cable, to enable a communications link to be established and
maintained.
In the case of an integral antenna equipment not provided with an external RF antenna connector, the
output signal of the transmitter shall be coupled to another antenna located within the test environment
enabling a communications link to be established and maintained. This antenna shall be coupled to the
receiving measuring equipment.
4.2.3 Arrangements for wanted signals at the input of the receiver
The wanted input signal to the receiver should be modulated with a suitable test signal. If it is not
appropriate to provide a modulated signal to the receiver, the test may be performed using an
unmodulated wanted input signal. It shall be possible to verify that a communications link is established
and maintained.
The wanted input signal, to establish a communications link shall be presented to the antenna connector
by a coaxial cable. The source of the wanted input signal shall be located outside of the test environment
and shall be at a nominal value of 60 dB (or a lower value as declared by the manufacturer) above the
maximum usable sensitivity of the EUT as declared by the manufacturer in the product documentation.
4.2.4 Arrangements for monitoring the output of the receiver
The output of the receiver under test shall be coupled via a suitable coupling device in order to
demonstrate that the link is maintained.
The equipment used for monitoring the maintenance of the link shall be located outside of the
environment.
Adequate measures shall be taken to protect the measuring equipment from the effects of all interference
(e.g. radiated fields and conducted interference).
4.2.5 Receiver: exclusion band for immunity testing
Small frequency bands centred around the radio frequency to which the radio is tuned are excluded from
immunity tests with either radiated or conducted signals. These RF test exclusions are referred to as
"exclusion bands".
The exclusion band for a receiver and the receiver of a transceiver is determined by the characteristics of
the equipment.
In the case of receivers operating on a fixed single frequency, the exclusion band extends from minus 5 %
to plus 5 % of the fixed single frequency.
In the case of receivers operating, or capable of operating, on a number of spot frequencies in a narrow
operating frequency band which is less than 20 % of the centre frequency of the operating band, the
exclusion band extends from minus 5 % of the lowest frequency of the narrow operating frequency band
to plus 5 % of the highest frequency of that band.
In the case of receivers operating, or capable of operating on a number of spot frequencies over a wide
frequency band, the exclusion band for each of the wanted signal test frequencies shall extend from
minus 5 % to plus 5 % of each wanted signal test frequency.
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ETS 300 684: January 1997
4.2.6 Receiver: narrow band responses
Responses on receivers, or receivers of transceivers, occurring during the test at discrete frequencies
which are narrow band responses (spurious responses) are identified by the method described in this
subclause.
If, during the test, an unwanted signal causes degradation of performance of the output resulting from the
wanted signal, it is necessary to establish whether the degradation of performance is due to a narrow
band response or to a wide band phenomena. Therefore, the unwanted signal frequency shall be
increased by an amount equal to twice the bandwidth of the bandwidth defining filter as declared by the
manufacturer. The test shall be repeated with the frequency of the unwanted signal decreased by the
same amount.
If the degradation of performance disappears, then the response is considered as a narrow band
response.
If the degradation of performance does not disappear, this may be due to the fact that the offset has made
the frequency of the unwanted signal correspond to the frequency of another narrow band response.
Under these circumstances, the method above is repeated with the increase and decrease of the
frequency of the unwanted signal adjusted to two and a half times the bandwidth referred to. If the
degradation does not now disappear, the phenomenon is considered wide band and therefore an EMC
problem, and the equipment fails the test.
Narrow band responses are disregarded.
4.2.7 Transmitter: exclusion band for immunity testing
The exclusion band for transmitters for immunity testing extends plus and minus twice the maximum
occupied bandwidth allowed for the type of service for which the equipment is intended to operate, centred
around the occupied bandwidth.
4.3 Test conditions: emissions testing
4.3.1 Transmitter: exclusion band for emissions testing
The exclusion band for transmitters for emission testing shall be determined by the class of emission
characteristics of the EUT. For measurement purposes, the exclusion bandwidth shall additionally allow
for the skirt bandwidth (Fb) of the measuring instrumentation, as shown in table 1.
Table 1: Transmitter exclusion band for emissions
Necessary bandwidth Exclusion band Exclusion band centre
of emission
Fn < 0,05 Fc 3 Fn + Fb Fc
Fn > 0,05 Fc 1,1 Fn + Fb Fc
Where:
- Fn = Necessary bandwidth of the wanted class of emission as defined in ITU RR 1-18
clause 146 [4];
- Fb = 200 kHz in the frequency range below 30 MHz;
- Fb = 2 MHz in the frequency range above 30 MHz;
- Fc = Centre frequency of the transmitter necessary bandwidth.
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5 Performance assessment
5.1 General
The manufacturer shall declare, or properly document the following information which shall be in
accordance with the information contained in the (user) instructions accompanying the equipment:
- the primary functions of the radio equipment to be evaluated during and after the EMC testing;
- the intended functions of the EUT which shall be in accordance with the documentation
accompanying the equipment;
- the ancillary equipment to be combined with the radio equipment for testing;
- the method to be used to verify that a communications link is established and maintained;
- the modulation type to be used including where applicable, the modulating test data sequence
and/or the applicable frequency deviation or modulation depth;
- the maximum duty cycle and the maximum transmit time for each mode of transmission where the
EUT is incapable of continuous transmission;
- the user-control functions and stored data that are required for normal operation and the method to
be used to assess whether these have been lost during and after immunity testing;
- an exhaustive list of ports, classified as either power or signal/control. Power ports shall further be
classified as AC or DC power;
- the operating mode which produces the maximum unwanted emission for multimode equipment;
- the bandwidth of the bandwidth-defining filter used in each mode, in the case of multi-mode
equipment. The antenna port immunity test (RF immunity, differential mode) shall be performed
using the mode with the widest defined bandwidth;
- the nominal antenna load impedance for transmitters and the applicable tolerance;
- the nominal antenna source impedance for receivers and the applicable tolerance.
5.2 Equipment classification
Amateur radio equipment and/or c
...