oSIST prEN ISO 10431:2007

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2007
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Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pumping units - Specification (ISO/DIS
10431:2006)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrien - Tiefpumpenantriebe - Anforderungen (ISO/DIS
10431:2006)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Unités de pompage - Spécifications (ISO/DIS
10431:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 10431
ICS:
23.080 ýUSDONH Pumps
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2006
ICS 23.080; 75.180.99
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pumping units -
Specification (ISO/DIS 10431:2006)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Unités de pompage
- Spécifications (ISO/DIS 10431:2006)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 12.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 10431:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 10431:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
67 "Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 "Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries", the secretariat of which is
held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.

Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 10431:2006 has been approved by CEN as prEN ISO 10431:2006
without any modifications.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 10431
ISO/TC 67/SC 4 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2006-10-26 2007-03-26
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pumping units —
Specification
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Unités de pompage — Spécifications
[Revision of first edition (ISO 10431:1993)]
ICS 75.180.10
ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2006

ISO/DIS 10431
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ii ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 10431
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction.vii
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions.2
4 Abbreviations and symbols .3
5 Product requirements.7
5.1 Functional requirements .7
5.2 Technical requirements.8
5.2.1 General .8
5.2.2 Stroke and torque factors .8
5.2.3 Design requirements .8
5.2.4 Design documentation .8
5.2.5 Design changes .8
6 Beam pump structure requirements.9
6.1 General .9
6.2 Design loads for all structural members except walking beams .9
6.3 Design stresses for all structural members except walking beams, bearing shafts, and
cranks .9
6.4 Design loads for walking beam.10
6.5 Maximum allowable stress for walking beams.10
6.6 Other structural components.12
6.6.1 Shafting .12
6.6.2 Hanger .12
6.6.3 Horseheads .12
6.6.4 Cranks .13
6.7 Structural bearing design.13
6.7.1 General .13
6.7.2 Anti-friction bearings.13
6.7.3 Sleeve bearings .13
6.8 Brakes.14
7 Speed reducer requirements.14
7.1 General .14
7.2 Gear reducers.14
7.2.1 General .14
7.2.2 Standard sizes, peak torque ratings and speed .14
7.2.3 Rating factors.15
7.2.4 Metallurgy.30
7.2.5 Residual stress .30
7.2.6 Minimum effective case depths .30
7.3 Chain reducers.34
7.3.1 Design.34
7.3.2 Rating Factors.34
7.3.3 Metallurgy.34
7.3.4 Dimensions .34
7.3.5 Alignment .34
7.3.6 Peak Torque Rating .34
7.4 Components.35
ISO/DIS 10431
7.4.1 Housing .35
7.4.2 Bearings .35
7.4.3 Sleeve bearings .35
7.4.4 Anti-friction bearings.35
7.4.5 Shafts.35
7.4.6 Key stresses.36
7.4.7 Peak loading (overloads).37
7.4.8 Fastener stresses .38
7.4.9 Special seals and breathers.39
8 Product identification .39
8.1 Structure name plate .39
8.2 Speed reducer name plate .39
8.3 Installation markings .40
8.4 Supplier/manufacturing requirements .40
8.4.1 Quality control .40
8.4.2 Data sheet.40
9 Storage and maintenance.40
9.1 Shipping and handling .40
9.1.1 General .40
9.1.2 Packaging.41
9.1.3 Storage .41
9.1.4 Handling and transport .41
9.2 Lubrication .41
Annex A (normative) Pumping unit designations .42
Annex B (informative) Recommended data forms .44
B.1 Rating form for crank counterbalances .44
B.2 Stroke and torque factors .45
B.3 Gear reducer data sheet.46
Annex C (informative) Torque factor on pumping units with rear mounted geometry class I lever
systems with crank counterbalance.48
C.1 General .48
C.2 Symbols.48
C.3 Method of calculation .49
C.3.1 Torque factors.49
C.3.2 Submission form.49
C.3.3 Data submission .50
C.3.4 Calculation method.50
C.4 Application of torque factors .51
C.4.1 General .51
C.4.2 Changes due to structural unbalance.51
C.4.3 Polish rod effects.51
C.4.4 Rotary counterbalance moment .51
C.4.5 Torque determination.52
C.4.6 Alternative crank rotation.53
C.4.7 Alternative techniques .53
C.4.8 Geometrical influences .53
C.4.9 Interpolation.53
Annex D (informative) Torque factor on pumping units with front mounted geometry class III lever
systems with crank counterbalance.58
D.1 General .58
D.2 Symbols.58
D.3 Method of calculation .59
D.3.1 Torque factors.59
D.3.2 Submission form.60
D.3.3 Data submission .60
D.3.4 Calculation method.60
D.4 Application of torque factors .61
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 10431
D.4.1 General .61
D.4.2 Changes due to structural unbalance.61
D.4.3 Polished rod effects.61
D.4.4 Rotary counterbalance moment .61
D.4.5 Torque determination.62
D.4.6 Alternative techniques .63
D.4.7 Geometrical influences .63
D.4.8 Interpolation.63
Annex E (informative) Torque factor on pumping units with front mounted geometry class III lever
system with air counterbalance.66
E.1 General .66
E.2 Symbols.66
E.3 Method of calculation .67
E.3.1 Torque factors.67
E.3.2 Submission form .67
E.3.3 Data submission .67
E.3.4 Calculation method.68
E.4 Application of torque factors .69
E.4.1 General .69
E.4.2 Changes due to structural unbalance.69
E.4.3 Alternative crank rotation .70
E.4.4 Alternative techniques .70
E.4.5 Geometrical influences .70
E.4.6 Interpolation.70
Annex F (informative) Torque factor on pumping units with rear mounted geometry class I lever
systems with phased crank counterbalance .73
F.1 General .73
F.2 Symbols.73
F.3 Method of calculation .74
F.3.1 Torque factors.74
F.3.2 Submission form .74
F.3.3 Data submission .75
F.3.4 Calculation method.75
F.4 Application of torque factors .76
F.4.1 General .76
F.4.2 Changes due to structural unbalance.76
F.4.3 Polished rod effects.76
F.4.4 Rotary counterbalance moment .76
F.4.5 Torque determination.77
F.4.6 Alternative techniques .78
F.4.7 Geometrical influences .78
F.4.8 Interpolation.78
Annex G (informative) Examples for calculating torque ratings for pumping unit reducers .82
G.1 Illustrative example, pitting resistance .82
G.2 Illustrative example, bending strength.83
G.2.1 General .83
G.2.2 Pinion.83
G.2.3 Gear .84
G.3 Illustrative example, static torque .84
Annex H (informative) System Analysis .86
H.1 System analysis.86
Annex I (informative) Product nomenclature .87
I.1 General .87
Bibliography.88

ISO/DIS 10431
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10431 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Petroleum, Petrochemical and natural gas industries,
Subcommittee SC 4, Drilling and production equipment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1993) which has been editorially revised.

vi © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 10431
Introduction
This International Standard has been developed by users/purchasers and suppliers/manufacturers of beam
pumping units intended for use in the petroleum and natural gas industry worldwide. This International Standard is
intended to give requirements and information to both parties in the design, selection, and manufacture of beam
pumping units. Furthermore, this International Standard addresses the minimum requirements with which the
supplier/manufacturer is to comply so as to claim conformity with this International Standard.
Users of this International Standard should be aware that requirements above those outlined in this International
Standard may be needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a
supplier/manufacturer from offering, or the user/purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering
solutions. This may be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an
alternative is offered, the supplier/manufacturer should identify any variations from this International Standard and
provide details.
Forms are provided in Annex B for rating of crank counterbalances and for recording pumping unit stroke and
torque factors. Recommendations and examples for the calculation and application of torque factor on pumping
units are contained in Annexes C to F and examples for calculating torque ratings for pumping unit reducers are
contained in Annex G. Recommendations and considerations for conducting a system analysis are contained in
Annex H. Finally, Annex I contains an illustration of a typical beam pumping unit and the nomenclature associated
with it.
In this International Standard , ISO 10431, quantities expressed in the International System (SI) of units are also,
where practical, expressed in United States Customary (USC) units, either in parentheses in the text or on separate
data sheets or in separate annexes, for information. One exception is noted in Figure 13 where USC units are
used alone.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 10431

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pumping units —
Specification
1 Scope
This International Standard provides the requirements and guidelines for the design and rating of beam pumping
units for use in the petroleum and natural gas industry. Included are all components between the carrier bar and
the speed reducer input shaft. This includes the following:
a) Pumping unit structures;
b) Pumping unit gear reducers;
c) Pumping unit chain reducers.
Only loads imposed on the structure and/or gear reducer by the polished rod load are considered in this
International Standard.
Also included are the requirements for the design and rating of enclosed speed reducers wherein the involute gear
tooth designs include helical and herringbone gearing. The rating methods and influences identified in this
International Standard are limited to single and multiple stage designs applied to oil field pumping units in which the
pitch-line velocity of any stage does not exceed 25,4 m/s (5 000 ft/min) and the speed of any shaft does not exceed
3 600 r/min.
This standard does not cover chemical properties of materials, installation and maintenance of the equipment,
beam type counterbalance units, prime movers and power transmission devices outside the gear reducer, or
control systems.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute
requirements of this International Standard. The latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ANSI/AGMA 1012–G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols
ASTM International, Standard specification for carbon structural steel, ASTM A36

AGMA 2001-D04, Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical Gear Teeth
AGMA 908-B89, Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical
and Herringbone Gear Teeth
American National Standards Institute, Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains, ANSI B29.1
API RP 11G, Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems (Conventional Units)
API RP 11L, Recommended Practice for Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems (Conventional
Units)
ISO/DIS 10431
3 Terms and definitions
Terms used conform to ANSI/AGMA 1012–G05, other terms are given below.
3.1
beam pumping unit
machine for translating rotary motion from a crankshaft to linear reciprocating motion for the purpose of transferring
mechanical power to a down-hole pump
3.2
beam pumping unit structure
all components between the carrier bar and the speed reducer output shaft
3.3
brake
component of a pumping unit designed to restrain motion in all rotary joints
NOTE It is often composed of a disk or drum mounted on the reducer input shaft combined with a mechanism to impart a
restraining friction torque.
3.4
carrier bar
part of the pumping unit that supports the load of the sucker rod string through the polished rod clamp
3.5
class I lever system
lever system in which the fulcrum is located between the load and the applied force or effort
NOTE An example of this is a beam pumping unit with the fixed saddle bearing located along the walking beam between
the equalizer and the well.
3.6
class III lever system
lever system in which the applied force (effort) is located between the load and fulcrum
NOTE An example of this is a beam pumping unit with the equalizer located between the fixed samson post bearing and
the well.
3.7
cranks
driving link in the four-bar linkage of a beam pumping unit that is located between the output shaft of the gear
reducer and the pitman link
3.8
diametral
along a diameter
3.9
equalizer
connects the pitman links to the rear of the walking beam
3.10
hanger
component of a pumping unit designed to interface with the fluid well
NOTE Transmits well load from the polished rod to the pumping unit wireline.
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 10431
3.11
horsehead
component of a beam pumping unit designed to transmit force and motion from the walking beam to the flexible
wireline
NOTE Its shape is such that the imparted motion is directed vertically above the well head allowing the polished rod to
move without undue side loads.
3.12
pitmans
Connecting link in the pumping unit mechanism between the cranks and the equalizer
3.13
rotation direction
crank rotation is defined as either clockwise or counter-clockwise as viewed from the side of the beam pumping unit
with the well head to the right
3.14
samson post bearing
bearing mounted to a fixed location atop the samson post of the pumping unit that is attached to and provides the
fulcrum location for the walking beam
3.15
speed reducer
mechanism located between the belt drive and the cranks to transmit rotary power while reducing speed and
increasing torque
3.16
structural unbalance
force required at the polished rod to balance the beam in a horizontal position with the pitmans disconnected from
the crank pin and no applied well load
NOTE The structural unbalance is considered positive when the force required at the polished rod is downward, and
negative when upward.
3.17
torque factor
factor, for any given crank angle, that, when multiplied by the load at the polished rod, gives the torque at the
crankshaft of the beam pumping unit speed reducer
NOTE The torque factor has units of length.
4 Abbreviations and symbols
The symbols and definitions used in this specification may differ from other specifications. Users should assure
themselves that they are using these symbols and definitions in the manner indicated herein.
a area of cross section
A tensile area of fastener
s
C standard center distance between gear shafts
C pitting velocity factor
C pitting stress number/factor for external helical gears
ISO/DIS 10431
C velocity factor for pitting resistance
C geometry factor for pitting resistance
g
C geometry factor for bending strength
J
C load-distribution factor for pitting resistance
m
C elastic coefficient
p
d operating pitch-diameter of pinion
D operating pitch diameter of gear
D mean diameter of fastener
m
d shaft diameter, (for tapered shaft use mean diameter)
s
E modulus of elasticity
E modulus of elasticity for gears
g
E modulus of elasticity for pinions
p
f allowable contact stress
ac
f allowable bending stress
at
f allowable yield strength of the gear or pinion material
ay
f allowable compressive stress in bending
cb
f maximum stress due to bending
s,b
f maximum stress due to torsion
s,t
F torque factor for a given crank angle θ
T
G shear modulus
h height of key in the shaft or hub that bears against the keyway
h minimum effective case depth
e
H height from the center of the saddle bearing to the bottom of the base beams
H height from the center of the crankshaft to the bottom of the base beams
H Brinell hardness for gears
B,g
H Brinell hardness for pinions
B,p
I weak axis second moment of inertia
y
4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 10431
J torsional constant
k bearing rating factor
k factor applied to account for any uncorrected distortion due to hardening the gears
h
K strength velocity factor
K strength contact number
K strength geometry number
K velocity factor for bending strength
K load distribution factor, static torque
ms
K yield strength factor
y
l un-braced length of column
L length of key
L horizontal distance between the centerline of the saddle bearing and the centerline of the crankshaft
L distance from the center of the saddle bearing to the centerline of the polished rod
A
L distance from the center of the saddle bearing to the center of the equalizer bearing
C
L distance from the center of the crankpin bearing to the center of the saddle bearing
J
L distance from the center of the crankshaft to the center of the saddle bearing
K
L minimum total length of lines of contact in contact zone
min
L effective length of the pitman (from the center of the equalizer bearing to the center of the crankpin
P
bearing)
m metric module
m gear ratio
g
m the normal module (the pitch diameter in millimeters divided by the number of teeth in the gear)
n
M maximum moment of the rotary counterweights, cranks, and crankpins about the crankshaft
n end restraint constant
n rotational speed of output shaft, equal to the pumping speed
O
n pinion rotational speed
P
N threads per unit length of fastener
t
p thread pitch of metric fastener
ISO/DIS 10431
p normal base pitch
N
P maximum applied load on column
P pressure in air counterbalance tank for a given crank position θ
a
P maximum load on bearing
b
P bearing manufacturer's specific dynamic rating
b,m
P structural unbalance, equal to the force at the polished rod required to hold the beam in a horizontal
B
position with the pitmans disconnected from the crankpins
P counterbalance effect at the polished rod
c
P diametral pitch in plane of rotation (transverse)
d
P the normal diametral pitch (the number of teeth per inch of diameter of the gear)
nd
P polished-rod load
R
P net polished-rod load
Rn
r radius of gyration of section
R radius of the crank or of large sprocket
R bearing load ratio
S ultimate tensile strength of chain
T peak torque rating
T allowable transmitted torque at output shaft, based on pitting resistance
ac
T allowable static torque at the gear or pinion being checked
as,i
T allowable transmitted torque at output shaft based on bending strength
at
T net torque at the crankshaft for a given crank angle θ
n
T torque due to the rotary counterweights, cranks, and crankpins for a given crank angle θ
r
T transmitted shaft torque
t
T torque, due to the net polished-rod load
wn
v  pitch-line velocity
t
w width of key
W walking beam rating
b
W pitting contact width
c
6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 10431
W net face width
f
X polished-rod position expr
...