SIST EN ISO 22868:2007

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22868:2007
01-marec-2007
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Forestry machinery - Noise test code for portable hand-held machines with internal
combustion engine - Engineering method (Grade 2 accuracy) (ISO 22868:2005,
corrected version 2005-06-01)
Forstwirtschaftliche Maschinen - Geräuschmessnorm für handgehaltene Maschinen mit
Verbrennungsmotor - Verfahren der Genauigkeitsklasse 2 (ISO 22868:2005, korrigierte
Fassung 2005-06-01)
Machines forestieres - Code d'essai acoustique pour machines portatives tenues a la
main a moteur a combustion interne - Méthode d'expertise (classe de précision 2) (ISO
22868:2005, version corrigée 2005-06-01)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22868:2006
ICS:
17.140.20 Emisija hrupa naprav in Noise emitted by machines
opreme and equipment
65.060.80 Gozdarska oprema Forestry equipment
SIST EN ISO 22868:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22868
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2006
ICS 13.140; 65.060.80; 17.140.20 Supersedes EN ISO 22868:2005
English Version
Forestry machinery - Noise test code for portable hand-held
machines with internal combustion engine - Engineering method
(Grade 2 accuracy) (ISO 22868:2005, corrected version 2005-
06-01)
Machines forestières - Code d'essai acoustique pour Forstwirtschaftliche Maschinen - Geräuschmessnorm für
machines portatives tenues à la main à moteur à handgehaltene Maschinen mit Verbrennungsmotor -
combustion interne - Méthode d'expertise (classe de Verfahren der Genauigkeitsklasse 2 (ISO 22868:2005,
précision 2) (ISO 22868:2005, version corrigée 2005-06-01) korrigierte Fassung 2005-06-01)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22868:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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EN ISO 22868:2006 (E)






Foreword



The text of ISO 22868:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23 "Tractors
and machinery for agriculture and forestry” of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 22868:2006 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144
"Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007.

This document supersedes EN ISO 22868:2005.

The determination of noise emission values is a prerequisite for a manufacturer to assess the
noise reduction obtained at the design stage.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 22868:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22868:2006 without any
modifications.

2

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EN ISO 22868:2006 (E)



ANNEX ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37 EC


This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive Machinery Directive 98/37 EC, amended
by Directive 98/79/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that
Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of
this standard, a presumption of conformity with Essential Requirement 1.7.4 (f) of that Directive
and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products
falling within the scope of this standard.



3

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22868
First edition
2005-02-01
Corrected version
2005-06-01


Forestry machinery — Noise test code for
portable hand-held machines with
internal combustion engine —
Engineering method (Grade 2 accuracy)
Machines forestières — Code d'essai acoustique pour machines
portatives tenues à la main à moteur à combustion interne —
Méthode d'expertise (classe de précision 2)




Reference number
ISO 22868:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005

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ISO 22868:2005(E)
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©  ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

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ISO 22868:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Quantities to be measured and quantities to be determined. 2
5 A-weighted sound power level determination . 2
6 A-weighted emission sound pressure level measurement at the operator position. 3
6.1 General. 3
6.2 Requirements for artificial surface . 4
6.3 Requirements for ground. 4
6.4 Requirements for concrete floor covered with sawdust . 4
7 Installation, mounting and operating conditions . 4
8 Information to be recorded and reported. 5
9 Declaration of noise emission values. 5
Annex A (normative) Specific conditions for chain-saws. 6
Annex B (normative) Specific conditions for brush-cutters and grass-trimmers. 13
Annex C (informative) Example of water brake mounted on chain-saw bar to simulate cutting. 21
Annex D (informative) A-weighted sound power level determination according to European
Directive on noise from machines used outdoors, 2000/14/EC. 22
Bibliography . 23

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ISO 22868:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22868 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 17, Manually portable forest machinery.
This first edition of ISO 22868 cancels and replaces ISO 7182:1984, ISO 7917:1987, ISO 9207:1995 and
ISO 10884:1995, of which it constitutes a technical revision.
This corrected version of ISO 22868:2005 incorporates the following corrections:
 Page 7, A.2.3, Figure A.1, the dimension (700 ± 10) mm has been altered for conformity with the text.
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ISO 22868:2005(E)
Introduction
During the first steps in the revision of this International Standard, it became obvious that the repeatability of
the test results could become better if the operator were to be replaced by a simulation process, representing
the normal operating modes with chain-saws and trimmers/brush-cutters. Furthermore, it was found that the
cutting process performed with chain-saws causes considerable deviations, which are not related to the
measured object but to the test procedure itself.
Based on these observations, it was concluded that the operators in both test procedures, i.e. for chain-saws
and trimmers/brush-cutters, ought to be replaced by a defined fixture and the cutting process with chain-saws
by a brake simulating the load. In this manner, the operating conditions during measurement would simulate
normal operating conditions.
The determination of noise emission characteristics is primarily used for
 manufacturers' declarations of noise emitted,
 comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned, and
 purposes of noise control at source at the design stage.
The use of this noise test code will ensure reproducibility of the determination of the noise emission
characteristics within specified limits determined by the grade of accuracy of the basic noise measurement
method used. Noise measurement methods allowed by this International Standard give results with Grade 2
accuracy.
The operating modes are of interest for assessment of the exposure sound pressure levels, for example, over
a typical working day.
The work cycles chosen for this test code are based on the following considerations of application:
3
a) chain-saws with an engine of < 80 cm are used for various operations, including felling, bucking and
delimbing;
3
b) chain-saws with an engine of W 80 cm are normally used for felling and bucking.
Delimbing will cause the saw to run at racing speed; therefore, racing is included only for saws with a
3
< 80 cm engine.
For brush-cutters and grass-trimmers, the cutting mode (full load) is estimated to be valid only for short
periods, while racing and idling are the two dominant modes. Moreover, it has been found to be diverse and
not able to be performed under repeatable conditions.
For trimmers, the full load and the racing modes are integrated in one single mode due to the loading effect of
the flexible line.
For brush-cutters, it is not possible to simulate the full load mode in a feasible way since there are no constant
load conditions comparable to chain-saws. Since the operating mode “racing” is anyhow the worst case, it is
used as representative.
In either case, transport and other tasks between operations will cause the machine to run at idling.
Experience has lead to the conclusion that equal duration for the different working modes is a good estimation
of daily exposure.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22868:2005(E)

Forestry machinery — Noise test code for portable hand-held
machines with internal combustion engine — Engineering
method (Grade 2 accuracy)
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a noise test code for determining, efficiently and under standardized
conditions, the noise emission characteristics of portable, hand-held, internal combustion-engine-powered
forest machines such as chain-saws, brush-cutters and grass-trimmers. Noise emission characteristics
include the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator position and the A-weighted sound
power level. The code is applicable for manufacturers' product controls as well as type tests. It is intended that
the results obtained will be able to be used to compare different machines or different models of the same
type of machine. Although the noise emission values determined are obtained in an artificial operation, they
are representative of noise emission in a real work situation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 354:2003, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room
ISO 3744:1994, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment
ISO 6531, Machinery for forestry — Portable hand-held chain-saws — Vocabulary
ISO 7112, Machinery for forestry — Portable hand-held brush-cutters and grass-trimmers — Vocabulary
ISO 7293, Forest machinery — Portable chain saws — Engine performance and fuel consumption
ISO 8893, Forestry machinery — Portable brush-cutters and grass-trimmers — Engine performance and fuel
consumption
ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an
essentially free field over a reflecting plane
IEC 60651:1979, Sound level meters
IEC 60804:2000, Integrating-averaging sound level meters
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ISO 22868:2005(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6531 and ISO 7112 apply.
4 Quantities to be measured and quantities to be determined
Quantities to be measured are time-averaged sound pressure levels defined in the relevant basic noise
measurement standards (ISO 3744, ISO 11201): A-weighted and — if required — in frequency bands.
Quantities to be determined are sound power levels and emission sound pressure levels: A-weighted and — if
required — in frequency bands.
5 A-weighted sound power level determination
For the determination of the A-weighted sound power level, ISO 3744:1994 shall be used, subject to the
following modifications or additions.
a) The microphone array shall be six microphone positions, in accordance with Figure 1 and Table 1.
NOTE 1 The six-microphone array is permitted because experimental data have shown that use of this array does
not yield results that differ significantly from those obtained with the 10-microphone array specified in ISO 3744.
b) The measurement surface shall be a hemisphere with a radius, r, of 4 m. A smaller radius is permitted if it
is demonstrated that the results are within 0,5 dB compared with measurements with a hemisphere of
r = 4 m. If a smaller radius, r, is used, it shall not be less than 2 d , where d is defined by the reference
0 0
box enclosing the machine.
NOTE 2 The smaller radius could be necessary in an anechoic room where a radius of 4 m cannot be provided.
c) The conditions for the particular type of machine to be tested and its mounting and orientation shall be
according to Annexes A and B.
d) Environmental conditions shall be within the limits specified by the manufacturers of the measuring
equipment. The ambient air temperature shall be in the range −10 °C to 30 °C and the wind speed shall
be less than 5 m/s. A wind screen shall be used whenever the wind speed exceeds 1 m/s.
e) Measurements shall be made using instruments with the time-weighting characteristics “slow”, as defined
in IEC 60651, or, preferably, using an integrating-averaging sound level meter as defined in IEC 60804.
f) The value of K , determined in accordance with ISO 3744:1994, Annex A, shall at maximum be 2 dB, in
2A
which case K shall be taken as zero.
2A
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ISO 22868:2005(E)

NOTE The microphone positions differ when determining the sound power level according to European
Directive 2000/14/EC (see Annex D).
Figure 1 — Microphone positions on hemisphere
Table 1 — Coordinates of microphone positions
Coordinate
Position No.
x y z
1 + 0,65 r + 0,65 r 0,38 r
2 − 0,65 r + 0,65 r 0,38 r
3 − 0,65 r − 0,65 r 0,38 r
4 + 0,65 r − 0,65 r 0,38 r
5 − 0,28 r + 0,65 r 0,71 r
6 + 0,28 r − 0,65 r 0,71 r

6 A-weighted emission sound pressure level measurement at the operator position
6.1 General
For the measurement of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level, ISO 11201:1995 shall be used,
subject to the following modifications and additions.
a) The conditions for the particular type of machine to be tested and its mounting shall be in accordance with
Annexes A and B.
b) The surface shall comply with the provisions of either 6.2, 6.3 or 6.4. Reproducibility of results using
natural grass or other organic material is likely to be worse than that required for Grade 2 of accuracy. In
case of dispute, measurements shall be carried out in the open air and on the artificial surface (see 6.2).
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ISO 22868:2005(E)
c) Environmental conditions shall be within the limits specified by the manufacturers of the measuring
equipment. The ambient air temperature shall be in the range −10 °C to 30 °C, and the wind speed shall
be less than 5 m/s. A wind screen shall be used each time the wind speed exceeds 1 m/s.
d) Measurements shall be made using instruments with the time-weighting characteristics “slow”, as defined
in IEC 60651, or, preferably, using integrating-averaging sound level meters as defined in IEC 60804.
e) The location of a particular type of machinery respective to the microphone array shall be in accordance
with Annex A or B.
6.2 Requirements for artificial surface
The artificial surface shall have absorption coefficients in accordance with Table 2, measured according to
ISO 354.
Table 2 — Absorption coefficient
Frequencies
Absorption coefficients Tolerance
Hz
125 0,1 ± 0,1
250 0,3 ± 0,1
500 0,5 ± 0,1
1 000 0,7 ± 0,1
2 000 0,8 ± 0,1
4 000 0,9 ± 0,1

The artificial surface shall be placed on a hard, reflecting surface and have a size of at least 3,6 m × 3,6 m,
placed at the centre of the test environment. The construction of the supporting structure shall be such that
the requirements for acoustic properties are met with the absorptive material in place. The structure shall
support the test set-up such that compression of the absorbing material is avoided.
[1]
NOTE See ISO 5395:1990 for an example of a material and construction that can be expected to fulfil these
requirements.
6.3 Requirements for ground
The ground at the centre of the test site shall be flat and have good sound-absorbing properties. The surface
shall be either forest ground or grass, with the grass or other organic material having a height of (50 ± 20) mm.
6.4 Requirements for concrete floor covered with sawdust
The ground at the centre of the test site shall be flat and have good sound-absorbing properties. The surface
shall be of concrete covered with saw dust, having a height of (25 ± 10) mm.
7 Installation, mounting and operating conditions
Measurements shall be carried out on a new, normal production machine fitted with standard equipment as
provided by the manufacturer.
An engine speed indicator shall be used to check the speed of the engine. It shall have a measurement
uncertainty of ± 1,0 % of the reading. The indicator and its engagement with the machine shall not affect the
operation during testing.
NOTE The specific conditions for the applicable machines are given in Annexes A and B.
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ISO 22868:2005(E)
8 Information to be recorded and reported
See Annexes A and B for details.
9 Declaration of noise emission values
Noise declaration is the responsibility of the manufacturer. Calculated equivalent sound levels for the work
cycles (see A.4.1. and B.4.1) shall be declared, preferably by a single-number declaration (see
ISO 4871:1996:Annex A). Noise emission values (A-weighted sound power level and A-weighted emission
sound pressure level at operator's position) for idling, full load and racing — if applicable — shall be provided
by the manufacturer on request, for example to potential buyers.
The noise declaration shall include a reference to this noise test code and to the basic standard used
(ISO 3744 and/or ISO 11201). Deviations, if any, from this test code and/or the basic standards shall also be
indicated.
The uncertainties associated with the measurements shall be taken into account when deciding on the
declared noise emission values.
NOTE 1 The methodology used for taking uncertainty into account should be based on the use of measured values
and uncertainties. The latter are the uncertainty associated with the measurement procedure (which is determined by the
grade of accuracy of the measurement method used) and the production uncertainty (variation of noise emission from one
machine to another of the same type made by the same manufacturer). One method for the calculation of uncertainty is
given in ISO 4871.
NOTE 2 For the declaration of A-weighted sound power levels according to the European Noise Directive 2000/14/EC,
see Annex D concerning work cycles and microphone positions and use of single number value.
If undertaken, verification of the declared values shall be carried out according to methods given in ISO 4871.
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ISO 22868:2005(E)
Annex A
(normative)

Specific conditions for chain-saws
A.1 Chain-saw conditions and test timber
Measurements shall be carried out on a saw with the bar and chain recommended by the manufacturer. The
minimum length of the guide bar shall be such that the dimensions are in accordance with Figure A.1. The
engine and the saw chain shall be run-in prior to the test according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
The chain-saw engine shall be at operating temperature before the test is started.
The carburettor shall be set according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The cutting devices shall be lubricated according to the manufacturer's recommendation. The engine speed
−1
for all test modes shall be kept constant to within ± 3,5 s . No alterations to the initial settings are permitted
once measurements have commenced.
A test timber in the form of a rectangular log shall be placed on a sawhorse so that its centreline is
(600 ± 10) mm above the ground (see Figure A.1).
The lateral width of the test timber in the direction of the guide bar shall be (200 ± 10) mm and the vertical
height (400 ± 50) mm. The test timber shall have a slot with a width of (40 ± 2) mm and a depth of
260 mm ± 10 mm.
A.2 Mounting and orientation of chain-saw
A.2.1 General
The chain-saw shall be mounted on a test stand with the bar centreline horizontal, as indicated in Figure A.1.
The chain-saw and the bar with the saw chain shall not touch the log during the measurements. The saw
chain shall be kept (15 ± 5) mm from the bottom of the slot. There shall be a distance of (10 ± 5) mm between
the tip of the spiked bumper and the rear surface of the log.
The bar shall be provided with a water brake (or equivalent) at the tip of the bar, capable of absorbing the
energy of the saw. If a water brake is used, the speed of the engine shall be controlled by the water flow
inside the water brake. The weight, shape or design of the loading device shall be such that there is no
influence on the noise readings. See Annex C for an example of a water brake.
A.2.2 A-weighted sound power level measurement
During the measurements, the tip of the bar shall be directed above and in the direction of the positive x-axis
and with the front handle vertically above the centre point of the hemisphere.
The saw shall be mounted in the test fixture as described by Figure A.1. A fixture which holds the saw in the
intended position and which does not cause any reflections shall be used. A flexible mount is recommended
for avoiding any structural resonance.
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ISO 22868:2005(E)
A.2.3 A-weighted emission sound pressure level measurement
During the measurement, the microphone shall be located at (700 ± 10) mm above the top of the front handle
and vertically above the centreline between the root of the spiked bumper and the outer edge of the rear
handle. The microphone shall be in the plane o
...