SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
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Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF air-ground and
air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods
of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 1: Physical layer
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 842-1 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
49.090 2SUHPDLQLQVWUXPHQWLY On-board equipment and
]UDþQLKLQYHVROMVNLKSORYLOLK instruments
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL)
Mode 4 radio equipment;
Technical characteristics and
methods of measurement
for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment;
Part 1: Physical layer
2 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TG25-016-5-1
Keywords
aeronautical, digital, radio, testing, VHF
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
Introduction .7
1 Scope.8
2 References.9
3 Definitions and abbreviations.10
3.1 Definitions.10
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions.10
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions .10
3.1.3 General definitions.10
3.2 Abbreviations.14
4 General description and architecture of VDL Mode 4 .15
4.1 General.15
5 VDL mode 4 physical layer functional specifications .15
5.1 Overview.15
5.1.1 Functions.16
5.1.2 Data reception.16
5.1.3 Data transmission.16
5.2 Modulation scheme.16
6 VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements.16
6.1 Receiver requirements.16
6.1.1 Receiver operating range .16
6.1.2 BER requirement.17
6.1.3 Reference signal level.17
6.1.4 Sensitivity.17
6.1.5 Adjacent channel rejection.17
6.1.6 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals inside the VHF aeronautical band.18
6.1.7 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals outside the VHF aeronautical band.18
6.1.8 Desired signal dynamic range.19
6.1.9 Symbol rate capture range .19
6.1.10 Frequency capture range.19
6.1.11 Doppler rate.19
6.1.12 Co-channel interference.19
6.1.13 Conducted spurious emission .19
6.1.14 FM broadcast intermodulation.20
6.1.14.1 Radio frequencies in the band 117,975 MHz to 137 MHz.20
6.1.15 In-band intermodulation.20
6.2 Transmitter requirements.20
6.2.1 Transmitter operating range.21
6.2.2 Channel bit rate.21
6.2.3 Manufacturer's declared output power.21
6.2.4 RF power rise time.21
6.2.5 RF power release time .21
6.2.6 Spurious emissions.21
6.2.7 Adjacent channel power.23
6.2.8 Wide-band noise.23
6.2.9 Load VSWR capability.23
6.2.10 Adjacent channel transient power.23
6.2.11 Frequency tolerance.24
6.2.12 Start of transmission .24
6.2.13 Structure of bursts.24
6.3 Transceiver requirements.25
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4 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
6.3.1 Automatic transmitter shut-down .25
6.3.2 Tuning time.25
6.3.3 Receiver to transmitter turnaround time .25
6.3.4 Transmitter to receiver turnaround time .25
6.3.5 Short power interrupt.25
6.3.6 Demodulator action.25
6.3.7 System timing requirements .25
6.3.8 Reservation table stored in memory .25
6.3.9 Failure of associated equipment.26
6.3.10 Simultaneous reception.26
7 General design requirements.26
7.1 Controls and indicators.26
7.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics .26
7.3 Warm up.26
7.4 Airworthiness.26
7.5 Intended function.26
7.6 International Telecommunications Union Regulations .27
7.7 Fire protection.27
7.8 Operation of controls.27
7.9 Accessibility of controls.27
7.10 Effects of tests .27
7.11 Failure of VDL Mode 4 equipment .27
7.12 Software management.27
7.13 Transceiver configuration.27
7.14 Provision for multiple redundant VDL4 transceivers.28
7.15 Reception capability.28
7.16 Transmission capability.28
7.17 Monitoring of proper operation .28
7.18 Power-up self test .29
8 Environmental test requirements.29
8.1 Introduction.29
8.2 Receiver.30
8.3 Transmitter.32
9 Detailed test procedures for the physical layer.34
9.1 General requirements.34
9.1.1 Test conditions.34
9.1.2 Alignment, adjustment and calibration prior to test.34
9.1.3 Recording of test results .34
9.1.4 Connected load.34
9.1.5 Test instrument precautions .34
9.1.6 Simultaneous application of two signals to the receiver input.35
9.1.7 Test frequencies.35
9.1.8 Equipment configuration.35
9.1.9 Detailed physical and MAC layer test procedures.35
9.2 Receiver.35
9.2.1 BER test.35
9.2.2 Sensitivity.37
9.2.3 Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR).37
9.2.4 Rejection of signals in the VHF aeronautical band.38
9.2.5 Rejection of signals outside the VHF aeronautical band .39
9.2.6 Desired signal dynamic range.40
9.2.7 Symbol rate capture range .40
9.2.8 Frequency capture range.41
9.2.9 Doppler rate.41
9.2.10 Co-channel interference.42
9.2.11 Conducted spurious emission .42
9.2.12 FM broadcast intermodulation.43
9.2.13 In-band intermodulation.44
9.3 Transmitter.45
9.3.1 Channel bit rate.45
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5 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
9.3.2 Manufacturer's declared output power.45
9.3.3 RF power rise time.46
9.3.4 RF power release time .46
9.3.5 Spurious emissions.47
9.3.6 Adjacent channel power.47
9.3.6.1 Method of measurement for the first adjacent channel .47
9.3.6.2 Method of measurement for the second adjacent channel.48
9.3.6.3 Method of measurement for the fourth adjacent channel .49
9.3.6.4 Alternative measurement procedure for Adjacent Channel Power (ACP).50
9.3.7 Wideband noise.51
9.3.8 Load VSWR capability.52
9.3.9 Adjacent channel transient power.53
9.3.10 Frequency tolerance.54
9.4 Transceiver.54
9.4.1 Tuning time.54
9.4.2 Receiver to transmitter turn-around time .54
9.4.3 Transmitter to receiver turn-around time .55
10 Installed equipment requirements.55
10.1 Introduction.55
10.2 Equipment installation.55
10.2.1 Aircraft environment.55
10.2.2 Failure protection.55
10.2.3 Aircraft power source .56
10.3 Installed equipment performance requirements.56
10.3.1 Dynamic response.56
10.3.2 Interference effects.56
10.3.3 Regular maintenance.56
10.4 Conditions of test .56
10.4.1 Power input.56
10.4.2 Associated equipment or systems .56
10.4.3 Environment.56
10.5 Test procedures for installed equipment performance.57
10.5.1 Ground test procedures .57
10.5.1.1 Conformity inspection.57
10.5.1.2 Interference tests.57
10.5.1.3 Power supply fluctuation test .57
10.5.1.4 Reception.57
10.5.1.5 Transmission.57
10.5.1.6 Functional behaviour tests.58
10.5.1.7 Interface conformance tests.58
10.5.2 Flight test procedures.58
10.5.2.1 Interference effects.58
10.5.2.2 System performance.59
Annex A (informative): VDL Mode 4 link budget.60
Annex B (informative): Bibliography.68
History .71

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6 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL)
Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne)
equipment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Physical layer";
Part 2: "General description and data link layer";
Part 3: "Additional broadcast aspects";
Part 4: "Point-to-point functions".
The present document is accompanied by an equivalent ground-based standard, EN 301 842 [8] parts 1 to 4, covering
the VHF air-ground Data Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
for ground-based equipment.
NOTE: Minimum Operational Performance Specifications (MOPS) are also being developed for VDL Mode 4.
EUROCAE have previously published Interim MOPS for VDL Mode 4 (see bibliography) which are a
sub set of EN 302 842-1, 2, 3 and 4. EN 302 842-1, 2, 3 and 4 complies with the requirements of CEC
Mandate M/318.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 22 July 2005
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2005
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2006
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2006

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7 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
Introduction
The present document states the technical specifications for Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4
aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications
operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel
spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in
ICAO VDL SARPs [2].
The present document may be used to produce tests for the assessment of the performance of the equipment. The
performance of the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative of the performance of the
corresponding production model.
The present document has been written on the assumption that:
• the type test measurements will be performed only once, in an accredited test laboratory and the measurements
accepted by the various authorities in order to grant type approval;
• if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it may be tested in accordance with the methods
of measurement specified in the present document or a documented alternative approved by the certifying
authority.
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8 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
1 Scope
The present document provides part 1 of the technical specifications, and means of testing compliance, for
Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers
and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency
Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels
from 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VDL SARPs [2].
The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant
ICAO VDL SARPs [2] and ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1].
NOTE 1: In clause 6.1.12 the requirement is more stringent than required in ICAO VDL SARPs [2].
Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the transmitter may also cover any 25 kHz channel from
112,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz and the receiver(s) may cover any 25 kHz channel from 108,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz.
The present document applies to "aeronautical mobile (airborne and in some cases ground vehicles)" equipment which
will hereinafter be referred to as "mobile" equipment.
The scope of the present document is limited to mobile stations. The equivalent specification for ground stations is
EN 301 842 [8].
The VDL Mode 4 system provides digital communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems and
other aircraft supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include:
• broadcast and point-to-point communication;
• broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information
Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities;
• air-air and ground-air services;
• operation without ground infrastructure.
The present document is derived from the specifications:
• ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1] and ICAO VDL SARPs [2] produced under the auspices of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
• Other relevant standards as defined in clause 2.
It is envisaged that manufacturers may provide equipment supporting:
• broadcast services only;
• point-to-point services only;
• both broadcast and point-to-point services.
The present document deals with tests of the physical layer necessary to support all types of equipment.
The present document includes:
• References, definitions, abbreviations and symbols are provided in clauses 2 and 3.
• Clause 4 provides a general description and architecture of VDL Mode 4.
• Clause 5 provides functional specifications applicable to the physical layer including transmitter/receiver
requirements and the modulation scheme.
• Clause 6 provides VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements.
• Clause 7 provides general design requirements.
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9 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
• Clause 8 provides environmental test requirements.
• Clause 9 provides detailed test procedures for the physical layer.
• Clause 10 provides installed equipment requirements.
The full physical layer tests are provided which correspond closely to the standard set of tests used for other VDL
systems.
NOTE 2: Flight tests are defined in EN 302 842-2 [7].
Mandating and recommendation phrases
a) "Shall"
- The use of the word "Shall" indicates a mandated criterion; e.g. compliance with the particular procedure
or specification is mandatory and no alternative may be applied.
b) "Should"
- The use of the word "Should" (and phrases such as "It is recommended that.", etc.) indicate that though
the procedure or criterion is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or
criteria may be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or data
to adequately support and justify the alternative.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] ICAO 9816: "Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 - Part 2: Detailed Technical
Specifications". First Edition 2004.
[2] ICAO Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: "Aeronautical
Telecommunications, Volume III: Communication Systems, Part I: Digital Data Communication
Systems, Chapter 6".
[3] ISO/IEC 7498-1 (1994): "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic
Reference Model: The Basic Model".
[4] ISO/IEC 10731 (1994): "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic
Reference Model - Conventions for the definition of OSI services".
[5] EUROCAE ED-12B/RTCA DO-178B: "Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and
Equipment Certification".
[6] EUROCAE ED-14D/RTCA DO-160D: "Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for
Airborne Equipment, July 1997, as amended by Change 1 (December 2000), by Change 2 (June
2001), and by Change 3 (December 2002)".
[7] ETSI EN 302 842-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF
air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and
methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 2: General description
and data link layer".
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10 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
[8] ETSI EN 301 842 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and
methods of measurement for ground-based equipment".
[9] ETSI EN 302 842-3: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF
air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and
methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 3: Additional
broadcast aspects".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions
The present document is based on the concepts developed in the open systems interconnect basic reference model and
makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 7498-1 [3]:
• layer;
• sublayer;
• entity;
• service;
• service access point;
• service data unit;
• physical layer;
• data link layer.
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions
The present document makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 10731 [4]:
• service provider;
• service user;
• service primitive;
• request;
• indication;
• confirm.
3.1.3 General definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adjacent channel power: amount of the modulated rf signal power which falls within a given adjacent channel
NOTE: Adjacent channel power includes discrete spurious, signal sidebands, and noise density (including phase
noise) at the transmitter output.
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11 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR): receiver's ability to demodulate the desired signal and meet the BER requirement
in the presence of an interfering signal in an adjacent channel
NOTE: The ratio (in dB) between the adjacent interfering signal level and the desired signal level necessary to
achieve the specified minimum BER, is the adjacent channel rejection (ACR) ratio.
Aeronautical Mobile Service (AMS): mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between
aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate
Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN): internetwork architecture that allows ground, air/ground, and
aircraft data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the
International Organization for Standardization Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model
aircraft address: unique combination of 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of
communications, navigation and surveillance.
NOTE: An aircraft may choose not to use this unique address and can use instead a non-unique address.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B): surveillance application transmitting parameters, such as
position, track and ground speed, via a broadcast mode digital link for use by any air and ground users requiring it
NOTE: ADS-B is a surveillance service based on aircraft self-determination of position/velocity/time and
automatic, periodic or random, broadcast of this information along with auxiliary data such as aircraft
identity (ID), communications control parameters, etc. ADS-B is intended to support multiple high-level
applications and associated services such as cockpit display of traffic information, traffic alert and
collision avoidance functionality, enhanced traffic management in the air and on the ground, search and
rescue support and others.
autotune function: function, performed by the Link Management Entity, that allows a ground VDL Mode 4 station to
command an aircraft to change the operating characteristics of synchronization burst transmissions
Bit Error Rate (BER): ratio between the number of erroneous bits received and the total number of bits transmitted
burst length: number of slots across which the VDL Mode 4 burst is transmitted
Co-Channel Interference (CCI): capability of a receiver to demodulate the desired signal and achieve the minimum
specified BER performance in the presence of an unwanted signal at the same assigned frequency
NOTE: The ratio (in dB) between the wanted signal level and the unwanted signal level is the co-channel
interference ratio. The co-channel interference ratio has a major impact on frequency re-use planning
criteria.
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct rf connection to the equipment under test
current slot: slot in which a received transmission begins
Data Link Entity (DLE): protocol state machine capable of setting up and managing a single data link connection
Data Link Service (DLS) sublayer: sublayer that resides above the VDL Mode 4 Specific Services (VSS) and the
MAC sublayers
NOTE: The data link service (DLS) manages the transmit queue, creates and destroys data link entities (DLEs)
for connection-oriented communications, provides facilities for the link management entity (LME) to
manage the DLS, and provides facilities for connection-less communications.
data rate: Mode 4 nominal data rate is 19 200 bits/s
delayed burst: VDL Mode 4 burst that begins sufficiently after the beginning of a slot so that the transmitting
VDL Mode 4 station is confident that no other VDL Mode 4 station that it could receive from and is within the guard
range is transmitting in the slot
NOTE: The delayed VDL Mode 4 burst terminates by the end of the slot in which it began (its length is shortened
to ensure completion by the nominal time).
DLS system: VDL system that implements the DLS and subnetwork protocols to carry Aeronautical
Telecommunication Network (ATN) or other packets
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12 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
frame: link layer frame is composed of a sequence of address, control, information and FCS fields, bracketed by
opening and closing flag sequences
NOTE: A valid frame is at least 11 octets in length and contains an address field (8 octets), a link control field
(1 octet) and a frame check sequence (2 octets). A frame may or may not inclu
...