SIST EN 13528-2:2003

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Außenluftqualität - Passivsammler zur Bestimmung der Konzentrationen von Gasen und Dämpfen - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren - Teil 2: Spezifische Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenQualité de l'air - Echantillonneurs par diffusion pour la détermination des concentrations des gaz et des vapeurs - Exigenges et méthodes d'essai - Partie 2: Exigences spécifiques et méthodes d'essaiAmbient air quality - Diffusive samplers for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapours - Requirements and test methods - Part 2: Specific requirements and test methods13.040.20Kakovost okoljskega zrakaAmbient atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13528-2:2002SIST EN 13528-2:2003en01-marec-2003SIST EN 13528-2:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13528-2September 2002ICS 13.040.20English versionAmbient air quality - Diffusive samplers for the determination ofconcentrations of gases and vapours - Requirements and testmethods - Part 2: Specific requirements and test methodsQualité de l'air - Echantillonneurs par diffusion pour ladétermination des concentrations des gaz et des vapeurs -Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai - Partie 2: Prescriptionsspécifiques et méthodes d'essaiAußenluftqualität - Passivsammler zur Bestimmung derKonzentrationen von Gasen und Dämpfen - Anforderungenund Prüfverfahren - Teil 2: Spezifische Anforderungen undPrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 July 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13528-2:2002 ESIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)2ContentspageForeword.4Introduction.51Scope.62Normative references.63Terms and definitions.74Symbols and abbreviations.85Requirements.105.1Desorption efficiency (for samplers involving solvent desorption).105.2Desorption efficiency (for samplers involving thermal desorption).105.3Effect of air velocity/sampler orientation.105.4Storage (indirect-reading samplers).105.5Shelf life.105.6Sampler integrity.105.7Blank value.105.8Field tests.115.9Uncertainty.115.10Instructions for use.115.11Sample identification.116General test conditions.126.1Reagents.126.2Apparatus.126.3Independent method.126.4Generation of a calibration gas mixture.126.4.1General.126.4.2Calibration gas mixture.126.5Test conditions.136.5.1General.136.5.2Laboratory tests under repeatability conditions involving standard atmospheres (7.3, 7.4,7.7, 7.8 and annex A).146.5.3Laboratory test under reproducibility conditions involving standard atmospheres (7.5).146.5.4Laboratory tests not involving standard atmospheres (7.2, 7.6, 7.9).146.5.5Field tests.147Test methods.147.1General.147.2Desorption efficiency.157.2.1Spiking method for samplers involving solvent desorption.157.2.2Spiking method for samplers involving thermal desorption.157.2.3Phase equilibrium method (samplers involving solvent desorption).157.3Bias due to the selection of a non-ideal sorbent (for samplers relying on reversible sorption).167.3.1Procedure.167.3.2Calculation.167.4Test on influence of air velocity and sampler orientation.167.5Effect of environmental parameters on sampler performance (uptake rate).177.5.1Procedure.177.5.2Calculation.177.6Storage (for indirect-reading samplers).177.6.1Procedure.177.6.2Calculation.18SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)37.7Shelf life.187.8Sampler leak test.187.9Determination of the blank value.187.10Field tests.188Calculation of uncertainty.188.1General.188.2Desorption efficiency.188.3Uptake rate.198.4Storage.198.5Shelf life.198.6Sampler integrity.198.7Blank value.208.8Type B errors.208.9Combined uncertainty.208.10Field tests.209Levels of evaluation.2010Test report.2011Marking.21Annex A
(normative)
Determination of diffusive uptake rates (indirect-reading samplers).22Annex B
(normative)
Calculation of exposure concentration.24Annex C
(informative)
Calculation of uncertainty components.25Bibliography.27SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)4ForewordThis document (EN 13528-2:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air Quality”, thesecretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by March 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byMarch 2003.This European Standard is a multi-part standard having the following parts:¾ Part 1:(Ambient Air Quality) General requirements;¾ Part 2:(Ambient Air Quality) Specific requirements and test methods;¾ Part 3: (Ambient Air Quality) Guide to selection, use and maintenance.The annexes A and B are normative, annex C is informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)5IntroductionThis European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for the determination of performancecharacteristics of diffusive samplers used for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapours in ambientatmospheres.With regard to air quality, the objectives fixed in the 5th Action Program of the European Union are for the effectiveprotection of all people against recognised risks from air pollution and the establishment of permitted concentrationlevels of air pollutants, which should take into account the protection of the environment. These objectives includemonitoring and control of concentrations with regard to standards.Successive programs of action of the European Union on the protection of the environment have stressed the needto find a balance between the use of different tools: product standards, emission limits and environmentalobjectives/standards.The implementation of existing Directives has highlighted the existence of various problems, which are beingaddressed in the Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management [1]. These include:¾ the different monitoring strategies in comparable situations between and within Member States;¾ the harmonisation of measuring methods;¾ the quality of the measurements which depends on the calibration and quality assurance procedures.Diffusive samplers used to measure air quality have to fulfil some general requirements, which are given inEN 13528-1. These requirements include unambiguity, selectivity and Data Quality Objectives, includinguncertainty.Such general requirements can also be appropriate for other measurement procedures used in the assessment ofambient air quality.In addition, diffusive samplers used to measure ambient air quality have to also fulfil some specific requirements inaddition to those specified in EN 13528-1. These specific requirements are given in this part of EN 13528 (seeclause 5). prEN 13528-3 gives guidance on the selection, use and maintenance of diffusive samplers used tomeasure ambient air quality.It is the user's primary responsibility to choose appropriate procedures or devices that meet the requirements ofthis European Standard. One way of doing this is to obtain information or confirmation from the manufacturer. Typetesting, or more generally, the assessment of performance criteria of procedures or devices, can be undertaken bythe manufacturer, user, test house or research and development laboratory, as is most appropriate.Although this standard specifically addresses ambient air, diffusive sampling is also relevant to the assessment ofair quality in indoor air. Both pumped and diffusive sampling procedures are considered appropriate for suchmeasurements, depending on circumstances (particularly any requirement for time resolution) [2]. prEN 14412gives guidance on the selection, use and maintenance of diffusive samplers used to measure indoor air quality.This part of EN 13528 is similar in content to EN 838 and EN 13528-1 is similar in content to EN 482. The series ofstandards on the use of diffusive samplers for ambient air has been created in addition to those for workplace airbecause the underlying European Directives are different and the consequent definitions and practical applicationsof the estimation of the uncertainty of measurements are different.SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)61 ScopeThis European Standard specifies specific performance requirements and test methods under prescribedlaboratory and field conditions for diffusive samplers used for the determination of the concentration of gases orvapours in ambient air.Such requirements apply to all diffusive samplers, irrespective of the physical nature of the rate-controlling processand irrespective of the nature of the sorption process and the analytical determination.This standard applies to all stages of the measuring procedure, including transportation and storage of the samplewhere appropriate.This standard applies to measuring procedures with separate sampling and analysis stages, and also to direct-reading devices.This European Standard is applicable to diffusive samplers according to 3.6 of EN 13528-1:2002.This European Standard should enable manufacturers and users of diffusive samplers to adopt a consistentapproach to sampler validation and provide a framework for the assessment of sampler performance againstcriteria specified in EN 13528-1. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer or of those who assemble the diffusivesamplers to ensure that the sampler complies with the data quality objectives given in this European Standard.For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with data quality objectives prescribed for methods to be used insupport of the Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management, this part of EN 13528provides the relevant requirements and test methods for the determination of measurement uncertainty. Asindicated in 6.5.2 to 6.5.4, some of these procedures are to be undertaken by a single representative laboratory,some by several laboratories in an interlaboratory trial, and some by the laboratory implementing the method. Thisdivision of responsibility is in accordance with Table 1 of CEN Report CR 14377:2002 [3].Where only one laboratory is involved in establishing the performance characteristics of a method, as in amanufacturer’s assessment, the reproducibility elements of the uncertainty budget shall be estimated under within-laboratory reproducibility conditions, i.e. by performing the relevant experiments independently, as far asreasonably practicable. This type of assessment is identified as level 2 (see clause 8).This standard can encourage the development of new types of diffusive sampler. Prior to conducting a fullevaluation according to this standard, it would be useful to conduct laboratory or field intercomparisons withestablished samplers. These intercomparisons should be conducted by experienced institutes.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).ENV 13005:1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.ISO 5725, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results (all parts).SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)73 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply.3.1ambient airoutdoor air in the troposphere, excluding indoor air and workplaces3.2averaging timeperiod of time for which the measuring procedure yields a single value [EN 482]3.3biasdifference between the expectation of the test results and an accepted reference value [ISO 3534-1]3.4combined standard uncertaintystandard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a number ofother quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the variances or covariancesof these other quantities weighted according to how the measurement result varies with changes in these quantities[ENV 13005]3.5desorption efficiencyratio of the mass of analyte desorbed from a sampling device to that applied [EN 838]3.6diffusive samplerdevice which is capable of taking samples of gases or vapours from the atmosphere at a rate controlled by aphysical process such as gaseous diffusion through a static air layer or a porous material and/or permeationthrough a membrane, but which does not involve the active movement of air through the deviceNOTE 1
Active normally refers to the pumped movement of air.NOTE 2
This definition differs from that in EN 838:1995 by the addition of the words “or a porous material”.3.7diffusive uptake raterate at which the diffusive sampler collects a particular gas or vapour from the atmosphere, expressed in picogramsper parts per billion1 per minute (pg ppb-1 min-1) or cubic centimetres per minute (cm3 min-1)NOTE 1
pg ppb-1 min-1 are equivalent to ng ppm-1 min-1.NOTE 2
This definition differs from that in EN 838:1995 by the substitution of “picograms per parts per billion” for “nanogramsper parts per million”. The expression is numerically the same, but ambient concentrations are usually in the ppb range.3.8expanded uncertaintyquantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fractionof the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurandNOTE 1
The fraction may be viewed as the coverage probability or level of confidence of the interval.NOTE 2 To associate a specific level of confidence with the interval defined by the expanded uncertainty requires explicit ofimplicit assumptions regarding the probability distribution characterised by the measurement result and its combined standard
1
ppb is volume fraction, (f)=10-9; ppm is volume fraction, (f)=10-6.SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)8uncertainty. The level of confidence that can be attributed to the interval can be known only to the extent to which suchassumptions may be justified.NOTE 3
Expanded uncertainty is termed overall uncertainty in ENV 13005.[ENV 13005]3.9measuring procedureprocedure for sampling and analysing one or more pollutants in ambient air and including storage andtransportation of the sample3.10nominal uptake ratethe diffusive uptake rate determined experimentally under specified conditions3.11repeatability conditionsconditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in the samelaboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within short intervals of time [ISO 3534-1]3.12reproducibility conditionsconditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in different laboratories withdifferent operators using different equipment [ISO 3534-1]3.13standard uncertaintyuncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation [ENV 13005]3.14uncertainty (of measurement)parameter, associated with the results of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of values that couldreasonably be attributed to the measurandNOTE 1The parameter may be, for example, a standard deviation (or given multiple of it), or the half width of an interval havinga stated level of confidence.NOTE 2 Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these components may be evaluatedfrom the statistical distribution of the results of a series of measurements and can be characterised by experimental standarddeviations. The other components, which can also be characterised by standard deviations, are evaluated from assumedprobability distributions based on experience or other information.NOTE 3It is understood that the result of a measurement is the best estimate of the value of a measurand, and that allcomponents of uncertainty, including those arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections andreference standards, contribute to this dispersion [ENV 13005].Attention is drawn to the fact that the terms Assessment, Limit Value and Pollutant are defined in Directive96/62/EC [1].4 Symbols and abbreviationsAcross-sectional area of the diffusion path, or equivalent sorption surface, in square centimetres;Cobserved concentration, in micrograms per cubic meter;C'observed concentration, in parts per billion (volume fraction = 10-9);Ddiffusion coefficient of analyte, in square centimetres per minute;SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)9D1diffusion coefficient of analyte 1, in square centimetres per minute;D2diffusion coefficient of analyte 2, in square centimetres per minute;biblank level, expressed as a percentage of the concentration level, i;ddesorption efficiency;llength of static air layer in sampler (or equivalent for permeation types), in centimetres;mb mass of the analyte which is desorbed from the blank sampler, in picograms;mdmass of the analyte which is desorbed from exposed samplers, in picograms;ms mass of the analyte which is sorbed by diffusion, in picograms;m1mass loss from permeation tube, in micrograms per minute;m2mean exposure dose in parts per billion (volume fraction = 10-9) minutes (direct-reading samplers)or mean mass uptake in picograms (indirect-reading samplers) of samplers exposed continuouslyto an intermediate concentration (see 7.3);m3mean exposure dose in parts per billion (volume fraction = 10-9) minutes (direct-reading samplers)or mean mass uptake in picograms (indirect-reading samplers) of samplers exposed to alternately2 x the intermediate concentration and clean air (see 7.3);Ppressure of the sampled atmosphere during sampling, in kilopascals;texposure time, in minutes;Udiffusive uptake rate, in cubic centimetres per minute;U1diffusive uptake rate of analyte 1, in cubic centimetres per minute;U2diffusive uptake rate of analyte 2, in cubic centimetres per minute;U'diffusive uptake rate, in picograms per parts per billion (volume fraction = 10-9) per minute (pg ppb-1min-1);Vvolumetric flow rate of air, in cubic meters per minute;ximean result for test (subscript) at concentration level i;dbias;rdelivered concentration, in micrograms per cubic meter;ritest concentration, at level i, in micrograms per cubic meter;sistandard deviation for test (subscript) at concentration level i;fdelivered concentration in parts per billion (volume fraction = 10-9).SIST EN 13528-2:2003



EN 13528-2:2002 (E)105 Requirements5.1 Desorption efficiency (for samplers involving solvent desorption)For measurements above the upper assessment threshold (see Directive [1] or equivalent), the desorptionefficiency shall be d ³ 0,75 and its repeatability standard deviation shall be better than 0,1 at each loading whentested in accordance with 7.2.1. For measurements below the upper assessment threshold (see annex A ofEN 13528-1:2002 or equivalent), the desorption efficiency shall be d ³ 0,5 and its repeatability standard deviationshall be better than 0,2 at each loading when tested in accordance with 7.2.1.5.2Desorption efficiency (for samplers involving thermal desorption)The desorption efficiency shall be d ³ 0,95 and its repeatability standard deviation shall be better than 0,1 at eachloading when tested in accordance with 7.2.2.5.3Effect of air velocity/sampler orientationThe acceptable range of air velocity and the influence of sampler orientation given in the manufacturer'sinstructions for use shall be verified in accordance with 7.4.NOTE 1Samplers can be used in situations where the wind speed may periodically be lower than the minimum requiredvelocity or above the maximum permissible velocity, provided
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