SIST EN 15316-1:2007

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 1: GeneralSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des exigences énergétiques et des rendements du systeme - Partie 1: GénéralitésHeizanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Energiebedarfs und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 1: AllgemeinesTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-1:2007SIST EN 15316-1:2007en91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15316-1:200701-november-2007







EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15316-1July 2007ICS 91.140.10 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of systemenergy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 1: GeneralSystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode decalcul des besoins
énergétiques et des rendements dessystèmes - Partie 1: GénéralitésHeizsysteme in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung derEnergieanforderungen und Wirkungsgrade von Systemen -Teil 1: AllgemeinesThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15316-1:2007: E



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units.6 3.1 Terms and definitions.6 3.2 Symbols and units.13 4 Principle of the method.14 4.1 System thermal losses of a technical building system for space heating and domestic hot water.14 4.2 Calculation period.16 4.3 Operating conditions.16 4.4 Energy performance indicators of space heating and domestic hot water systems or sub-systems.16 5 Energy calculation for a space heating and domestic hot water system.17 5.1 General.17 5.2 Energy losses from the space heating system.17 5.3 Energy losses from the domestic hot water system.18 5.4 Simplified and detailed methods for calculation of the system energy losses.19 Annex A (informative)
Sample of a heat emission sub-system
for space heating.20 Annex B (informative)
Sample calculation of a space heating system
with electrical domestic hot water system.21 Annex C (informative)
Splitting and/or branching of the heating system.22 Bibliography.23



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15316-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:  design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);  installation of heating systems;  commissioning of heating systems;  instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;  methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;  methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 4 Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard constitutes the general part of a set of standards on calculation method for determining system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems. Other parts of this set of standards cover specific calculation methods related to the various sub-systems of the heating system. The calculation method is used for the following applications:  judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets;  optimisation of the energy performance of a planned building, by applying the method to several possible options;  displaying a conventional level of energy performance of existing buildings;  assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing building, by calculation of the energy requirements with and without the energy conservation measure implemented;  predicting future energy resource needs on a national or international scale, by calculation of the energy requirements of several buildings which are representative of the entire building stock.



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the structure for calculation of energy use for space heating systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings. It standardises the required inputs and outputs for the calculations, in order to achieve a common European calculation method. The calculation method facilitates the energy analysis of the different sub-systems of the heating system, including control (emission, distribution, storage, generation), through determination of the system energy losses and the system performance factors. This performance analysis permits the comparison between sub-systems and makes it possible to monitor the impact of each sub-system on the energy performance of the building. Calculations of the system energy losses of each sub-system of the heating system are defined in subsequent standards (prEN 15316, parts 2-x, 3-x and 4-x). The system thermal losses, the recoverable system thermal losses and the auxiliary energy of the sub-systems of the heating system are summed up. The system thermal losses of the heating system contribute to the overall energy use in buildings (prEN 15603). Ventilation systems are not included in this European Standard (e.g. balanced systems with heat recovery), but if the air is preheated or an air heating system is installed, system energy losses of these systems are covered by this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15316-2-1, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems EN 15316-2-3, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems prEN 15316-3-2, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution prEN 156031), Energy performance of buildings — Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 13790, Thermal performance of buildings — Calculation of building energy use for space heating (ISO 13790:2004) 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. NOTE This European Standard is the reference for definitions for the whole set of prEN 15316 standards. Therefore not all definitions mentioned hereafter are used in this part.
1) To be published.



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 7 3.1.1 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488, the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy". 3.1.2 building construction as a whole, including its envelope and all technical building systems, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate, to provide domestic hot water and illumination and other services related to the use of the building NOTE The term can refer to the building as a whole or to parts thereof that have been designed or altered to be used separately. 3.1.3 new building for calculated energy rating: building at design stage or under construction for measured energy rating: building too recently constructed to have reliable records of energy use 3.1.4 existing building for calculated energy rating: building that is erected for measured energy rating: building for which actual data necessary to assess the energy use are known or can be measured 3.1.5 building services services provided by technical building systems and by appliances to provide indoor climate conditions, domestic hot water, illumination levels and other services related to the use of the building 3.1.6 calculated energy rating energy rating based on calculations of the weighted delivered and exported energy of a building for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting NOTE National bodies decide whether other energy uses resulting from occupants' activities such as cooking, production, laundering etc. are included or not. If included, standard input data need to be provided for the various types of building and uses. Lighting is always included except (by decision of national bodies) for residential buildings. 3.1.7 calculation step discrete time interval for the calculation of the energy needs and uses for heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification NOTE Typical discrete time intervals are one hour, one month or one heating and/or cooling season, operating modes and bins. 3.1.8 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps.



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 8 3.1.9 conditioned area floor area of conditioned spaces excluding non-habitable cellars or non-habitable parts of a space, including the floor area on all storeys if more than one NOTE 1 The precise definition of the conditioned area is given by national authorities. NOTE 2 Internal, overall internal or external dimensions can be used. This leads to different areas for the same building. NOTE 3 Some services, such as lighting or ventilation, might be provided to areas not included in this definition (e.g. a car park). NOTE 4 Conditioned area can be taken as the useful area mentioned in the Articles 5, 6 and 7 of the EPBD2) unless it is otherwise defined in national regulations. 3.1.10 conditioned space heated and/or cooled space NOTE The heated and/or cooled spaces are used to define the thermal envelope. 3.1.11 conditioned zone part of a conditioned space with a given set-point temperature or set-point temperatures, throughout which there is the same occupancy pattern and the internal temperature is assumed to have negligible spatial variations, and which is controlled by a single heating system, cooling system and/or ventilation system 3.1.12 CO2 emission coefficient quantity of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere per unit of delivered energy NOTE The CO2 emission coefficient can also include the equivalent emissions of other greenhouse gases (e.g. methane). 3.1.13 cogeneration simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical or mechanical energy NOTE Also known as combined heat and power (CHP). 3.1.14 delivered energy energy content, expressed per energy carrier, supplied to the technical building systems through the system boundary, to satisfy the uses taken into account (e.g. heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances) or to produce electricity NOTE 1
For active solar and wind energy systems, the incident solar radiation on solar panels or on solar collectors or the kinetic energy of wind is not part of the energy balance of the building. It is decided on a national level whether or not renewable energy produced on site constitutes part of the delivered energy. NOTE 2 Delivered energy can be calculated for defined energy uses or it can be measured. 3.1.15 domestic hot water heating process of heat supply to raise the temperature of the cold water to the intended delivery temperature
2) Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 9 3.1.16 efficiency, distribution ratio between the energy output of the distribution sub-system and the energy input of the distribution sub-system, taking into account the sub-system thermal losses and the auxiliary energy 3.1.17 efficiency, emission ratio between the energy output of the emission sub-system (energy need) and the energy input of the emission sub-system, taking into account the sub-system thermal losses (e.g. non-ideal emission system causing non-uniform temperature distribution and non-ideal room temperature control). The efficiency includes the auxiliary energy 3.1.18 efficiency, generation ratio between the energy output of the generation sub-system and the energy input of the generation sub-system (energy use), taking into account the sub-system thermal losses. The efficiency includes the auxiliary energy 3.1.19 energy indicator energy rating divided by the conditioned area 3.1.20 energy conversion factor or energy conversion coefficient factor or coefficient used to express the energy content in different ways (e.g. primary energy, CO2 emissions) NOTE 1 Coefficients have dimensions, factors are dimensionless. NOTE 2 See also: total primary energy factor, CO2 emission coefficient. 3.1.21 energy need for heating or cooling heat to be delivered to or extracted from a conditioned space to maintain the intended temperature during a given period of time, not taking into account the technical building thermal systems NOTE 1 The energy need is calculated and cannot easily be measured. NOTE 2 The energy need can include additional heat transfer resulting from non-uniform temperature distribution and non-ideal temperature control, if they are taken into account by increasing (decreasing) the effective temperature for heating (cooling) and not included in the heat transfer due to the heating (cooling) system. 3.1.22 energy need for domestic hot water heat to be delivered to the needed amount of domestic hot water, to raise its temperature from the cold network temperature to the prefixed delivery temperature at the delivery point, not taking into account the technical building thermal systems 3.1.23 energy use for space heating or cooling or domestic hot water energy input to the heating, cooling or domestic hot water system to satisfy the energy need for heating, cooling (including dehumidification) or domestic hot water, respectively NOTE If the technical building system serves several purposes (e.g. heating and domestic hot water) it can be difficult to split the energy use into that used for each purpose. It can be indicated as a combined quantity (e.g. energy need for space heating and domestic hot water). 3.1.24 energy use for ventilation electrical energy input to the ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery (not including the energy input for preheating the air) and energy input to the humidification systems to satisfy the need for humidification



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 10 3.1.25 energy performance of a building calculated or measured amount of energy delivered and exported actually used or estimated to meet the different needs associated with a standardised use of the building, which may include, inter alia, energy used for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting 3.1.26 energy rating evaluation of the energy performance of a building based on the calculated or measured use of energy carriers 3.1.27 energy source source from which useful energy can be extracted or recovered either directly or by means of a conversion or transformation process NOTE Examples include oil or gas fields, coal mines, sun, forests etc. 3.1.28 energy carrier substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work or heat, or to operate chemical or physical processes [ISO 13600:1997] NOTE The energy content of fuels is given by their gross calorific value. 3.1.29 exported energy energy, expressed per energy carrier, delivered by the technical building systems through the system boundary and used outside the system boundary NOTE 1 Exported energy can be specified by generation types (e.g. CHP, photovoltaic) in order to apply different weighting factors. NOTE 2 Exported energy can be calculated or it can be measured. 3.1.30 grid electricity energy delivered to the building from the public electricity network 3.1.31 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 According to ISO 13602-2, the gross calorific value is preferred to the net calorific value. NOTE 3 The net calorific value does not take into account the latent heat of condensation. 3.1.32 heat gains heat generated within or entering into the conditioned space from heat sources other than technical building thermal systems (e.g. heating, cooling or domestic hot water preparation) NOTE 1 These include internal heat gains and solar heat gains. Sinks that extract heat from the building, are included as gains with a negative sign. In contrast to heat transfer, for a heat source (or sink) the difference between the temperature of the considered space and the temperature of the source is not the driving force for the heat flow.



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 11 NOTE 2 For summer conditions heat gains with a positive sign constitute extra heat load on the space. 3.1.33 heat recovery heat generated by a technical building system or linked to a building use (e.g. domestic hot water) which is utilised directly in the related system to lower the heat input and which would otherwise be wasted (e.g. preheating of the combustion air by flue gas heat exchanger) 3.1.34 heating or cooling season period of the year during which a significant amount of energy for heating or cooling is needed NOTE The season lengths are used to determine the operation period of technical systems. 3.1.35 heated space room or enclosure which for the purposes of the calculation is assumed to be heated to a given set-point temperature or set-point temperatures 3.1.36 heating system
technical building system, including the space heating system and the domestic hot water system 3.1.37 heating system thermal losses, distribution heat losses of the heat distribution system, including recoverable heat loss NOTE See also "system thermal loss" and "recoverable system thermal loss". 3.1.38 heating system thermal losses, emission heat losses through the building envelope due to non-uniform temperature distribution and control inefficiencies in the heated space 3.1.39 heating system thermal losses, generation heat generator heat losses occurring both during operation and stand-by, and heat losses due to non-ideal control of the heat generator, including recoverable heat loss 3.1.40 intermittent heating or cooling heating or cooling pattern where normal heating or cooling periods alternate with periods of reduced or no heating or cooling 3.1.41 non-renewable energy energy taken from a source which is depleted by extraction (e.g. fossil fuels) 3.1.42 non-renewable primary energy factor non-renewable primary energy divided by delivered energy, where the non-renewable energy is that required to supply one unit of delivered energy, taking account of the non-renewable energy required for extraction, processing, storage, transport, generation, transformation, transmission, distribution and any other operations necessary for delivery to the building in which the delivered energy will be used NOTE The non-renewable primary energy factor can be less than unity if renewable energy has been used. 3.1.43 part load operation operation state of the technical system (e.g. heat pump), where the actual load requirement is below the actual output capacity of the device



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 12 3.1.44 primary energy energy that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process NOTE 1 Primary energy includes non-renewable energy and renewable energy. If both are taken into account, it can be called total primary energy. NOTE 2 For a building, it is the energy used to produce the energy delivered to the building. It is calculated from the delivered and exported amounts of energy carriers, using conversion factors. 3.1.45 recoverable system thermal loss part of the system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.1.46 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.1.47 renewable energy energy from a source that is not depleted by extraction, such as solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic), wind, water power, renewed biomass NOTE In ISO 13602-1, renewable resource is defined as "natural resource for which the ratio of the creation of the natural resource to the output of that resource from nature to the technosphere is equal to or greater than one". 3.1.48 renewable energy produced on the building site energy produced by technical building systems directly connected to the building using renewable energy sources 3.1.49 room conditioning system system capable of maintaining comfort conditions in a room within a defined range NOTE Such systems comprise air conditioning and surface based radiative systems. 3.1.50 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system NOTE Thermal energy recovered directly in the sub-system is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and is directly treated in the related system standard. 3.1.51 space heating process of heat supply for thermal comfort 3.1.52 technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production composed by sub-systems NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, space heating and domestic hot water system). NOTE 2 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems.



EN 15316-1:2007 (E) 13 3.1.53 technical building sub-system part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution, heat emission) 3.1.54 total primary energy factor non-renewable and renewable primary energy divided by delivered energy, where the primary energy is that required to supply one unit of delivered energy, taking account of the energy required for extraction, processing, storage, transport, generation, transformation, transmission, distribution and any other operations necessary for delivery to the building in which the delivered energy will be used NOTE The total primary energy facto
...