SIST EN 16841-2:2017
(Main)Ambient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method
Ambient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method
This part of the European Standard describes the plume method for determining the extent of recognizable odours from a specific source using direct observation in the field by human panel members under specific meteorological conditions.
The plume method involves the determination of the presence or absence (YES/NO) of recognizable odours in and around the plume originating from a specific odorant emission source, for a specific emission situation and under specific meteorological conditions (specific wind direction, wind speed and boundary layer turbulence). The unit of measurement is the presence or absence of recognizable odours at a particular location downwind of a source. The extent of the plume is assessed as the transition of absence to presence of recognizable odour.
The primary application of this standard is to provide a common basis for the determination of the odour plume extent in the member states of the European Union.
The results are typically used to determine a plausible extent of potential exposure to recognizable odours, or to estimate the total emission rate based on the plume extent, using reverse dispersion modelling.
The field of application of this European Standard includes the determination of the extent of the recognizable odour plume downwind from a source, under specific meteorological conditions (e.g. wind direction, wind speed, turbulence, etc. (see 7.3.2).
This European Standard does not include:
- the measurement of intensity of ambient odours;
- the measurement of hedonic tone of ambient odours;
- the measurement of the odour exposure in ambient air over a longer time period in an assessment area;
- the calculation of estimated source emission rate from plume assessment using reverse dispersion modelling.
An overview of the interaction between existing odour exposure assessment methods is given in Annex A including grid method (Part 1), plume method (Part 2) and olfactometry according EN 13725.
Außenluft - Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffimmissionen durch Begehungen - Teil 2: Fahnenmessung
DDieser Teil der Europäischen Norm beschreibt die Methode der Fahnenmessung zur Bestimmung der Ausdehnung von erkennbaren Gerüchen von einer bestimmten Quelle, unter Anwendung der direkten Beurteilung im Feld durch menschliche Prüfer unter speziellen meteorologischen Bedingungen.
Die Fahnenmessung umfasst die Bestimmung des Vorhandenseins oder Nichtvorhandenseins (JA/NEIN) von erkennbaren Gerüchen einer bestimmten Geruchsemissionsquelle am Rand der Fahne für eine bestimmte Emissionssituation unter speziellen meteorologischen Bedingungen (bestimmte Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit und Grenzschichtturbulenz). Die Maßeinheit ist das Vorhandensein oder Nichtvorhandensein von erkennbaren Gerüchen an einem bestimmten Ort in Lee einer Quelle. Die Ausdehnung der Fahne wird anhand des Übergangs von Nichtvorhandensein zu Vorhandensein von erkennbarem Geruch bestimmt.
Die hauptsächliche Anwendung dieser Norm ist die Schaffung einer gemeinsamen Grundlage zur Bestimmung der Fahnenausdehnung in Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union.
Die Ergebnisse werden üblicherweise zur Bestimmung eines plausiblen Ausmaßes der möglichen Geruchsbelastung oder zur Schätzung der Gesamtemissionsrate auf der Grundlage der Fahnenausdehnung unter Anwendung einer Rückrechnung mithilfe der Ausbreitungsmodellierung genutzt.
Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäischen Norm umfasst die Bestimmung der Ausdehnung einer erkennbaren Geruchsfahne in Lee einer Quelle unter speziellen meteorologischen Bedingungen (z. B. Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit, Turbulenz usw.) (siehe7.3.2).
Diese Europäische Norm umfasst nicht:
- die Messung der Intensität von Geruchsstoffimmissionen;
- die Messung der Hedonik von Geruchsstoffimmissionen;
- die Messung einer Geruchsimmission in Außenluft über eine längere Zeitdauer in einer Bewertungsfläche;
- die Ermittlung der Quellstärke auf Basis von Geruchsfahnen unter Anwendung einer Rückrechnung mithilfe der Ausbreitungsmodellierung.
Ein Überblick über die Wechselbeziehung zwischen bestehenden Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Geruchsbelastung ist in Anhang A angeführt, einschließlich der Rastermessung (Teil 1), der Fahnenmessung (Teil 2) und der Olfaktometrie nach EN 13725.
Air ambiant - Détermination de l'exposition aux odeurs par mesures de terrain - Partie 2 : Méthode du panache
La présente partie de la Norme européenne décrit la méthode du panache permettant de déterminer l'étendue des odeurs identifiables émises par une source spécifique à l'aide d'une observation directe sur le terrain réalisée par les membres d'un jury humain dans des conditions météorologiques spécifiques.
La méthode du panache consiste à déterminer la présence ou l'absence (OUI/NON) d'odeurs identifiables dans et autour du panache émis par une source spécifique d'émissions odorantes, pour une situation d'émission spécifique et dans des conditions météorologiques spécifiques (direction du vent spécifique, vitesse du vent spécifique et turbulence spécifique dans la couche limite). L'unité de mesure est la présence ou l'absence d'odeurs identifiables à un emplacement particulier sous le vent d'une source. L'étendue du panache est évaluée comme la transition entre absence et présence d'une odeur identifiable.
La principale application de la présente norme est de fournir une base commune pour la détermination de l'étendue du panache odorant dans les États membres de l'Union européenne.
Les résultats sont généralement utilisés pour déterminer une étendue plausible d'exposition potentielle à des odeurs identifiables, ou pour estimer le taux d'émission totale sur la base de l'étendue du panache, en utilisant une modélisation de dispersion inverse.
Le champ d'application de la présente Norme européenne inclut la détermination de l'étendue du panache odorant identifiable sous le vent par rapport à une source, dans des conditions météorologiques spécifiques (par exemple direction du vent, vitesse du vent, turbulence, etc. (voir 7.3.2).
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre pas :
la mesure de l'intensité des odeurs ambiantes ;
la mesure de la qualité hédonique des odeurs ambiantes ;
la mesure de l'exposition aux odeurs dans l'air ambiant sur une période plus longue dans une zone d'évaluation ;
le calcul du débit d'émission estimé de la source à partir d'une évaluation du panache en utilisant une modélisation de dispersion inverse.
Un aperçu de l'interaction entre les méthodes existantes d'évaluation de l'exposition aux odeurs est donné dans l'Annexe A, ces méthodes comprenant la méthode de grille (Partie 1), la méthode du panache (Partie 2) et l'olfactométrie selon l'EN 13725.
Zunanji zrak - Določevanje vonja v zunanjem zraku s terenskim pregledom - 2. del: Metoda z izpustom
Ta evropski standard opisuje metodo z izpustom za določevanje zaznavnega in prepoznavnega vonja iz določenega vira z neposrednim opazovanjem na terenu, ki ga izvajajo ljudje, pri določenih meteoroloških pogojih. Z metodo z izpustom se določa prisotnost ali odsotnost (DA/NE) prepoznavnih vonjev iz določenega emisijskega vira vonja v določeni emisijski situaciji in pri določenih meteoroloških pogojih (določena smer vetra, hitrost vetra in turbulenca v mejni plasti). Merska enota je prisotnost ali odsotnost prepoznavnih vonjev na določeni lokaciji z vetrom v hrbet. Obseg izpusta se ocenjuje kot prehod med odsotnostjo in prisotnostjo prepoznavnega vonja. Glavni namen uporabe tega standarda je zagotoviti skupno podlago za določanje obsega izpusta v državah članicah Evropske unije. Rezultati se običajno uporabijo za določanje verjetnega obsega morebitne izpostavljenosti prepoznavnim vonjem ali za oceno skupne stopnje emisij z metodo reverznega disperznega modeliranja. Področje uporabe tega evropskega standarda vključuje določanje obsega prepoznavnega vonja izpuha iz vira z vetrom v hrbet pri določenih meteoroloških pogojih (npr. smer vetra, hitrost vetra, turbulenca itd.). Ta evropski standard ne zajema: – meritve pogostosti ur, ko je prisoten vonj, kot reprezentativne vrednosti pri povprečnih meteoroloških pogojih na neki lokaciji; – meritve intenzivnosti vonja v okoliškem zraku; – meritve hedonskega tona vonja v okoliškem zraku; – izračuna ocenjene stopnje emisij na podlagi izpustov z metodo reverznega disperznega modeliranja. Pregled obstoječih metod ocenjevanja izpostavljenosti vonju je podan v dodatku A, vključno z rastrsko metodo (del 1), metodo z izpustom (del 2) in olfaktometrijo v skladu s standardom EN 13725.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Außenluft - Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffimmissionen durch Begehungen - Teil 2: FahnenmessungAir ambiant - Détermination de l'exposition aux odeurs par mesures de terrain - Partie 2 : Méthode du panacheAmbient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method13.040.20Kakovost okoljskega zrakaAmbient atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16841-2:2016SIST EN 16841-2:2017en,fr,de01-julij-2017SIST EN 16841-2:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16841-2
November
t r s x ICS
s uä r v rä t r English Version
Ambient air æ Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection æ Part
tã Plume method Air ambiant æ Dßtermination de la prßsence d 5odeurs par mesures de terrain æ Partie
t ã Mßthode du panache Außenluft æ Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffimmissionen durch Begehungen æ Teil
tã Fahnenmessung This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s r September
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey andUnited Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x z v sæ tã t r s x ESIST EN 16841-2:2017
Overview and interaction of existing odour measurement methods . 27 Annex B (informative)
Uncertainty of the plume method . 28 Annex C (informative)
Turbulence conditions . 30 Annex D (informative)
Example stationary plume measurement . 33 Annex E (informative)
Example dynamic plume measurement . 35 Annex F (informative)
Calculation of the odour emission rate by reverse modelling – stationary plume measurement (example) . 38 Annex G (informative)
Calculation of the odour emission rate by reverse modelling – dynamic plume measurement (example) . 40 Bibliography . 43
· 10 ouE/m3, EN 13725 cannot be applied to directly determine odour exposure in the field (i.e. measure faint odours at the concentration where they can just be recognized). The methods for measuring odour presented in this European Standard make direct use of odour perception, the effect of odorants on the human sense of smell. The standard involves the use of qualified human panel members in the field to directly assess the presence of recognizable odours in ambient air, and provide data that can be used to characterize odour exposure in a defined assessment area. The standard presents two key approaches as summarized as follows: — Part 1 describes a grid method which uses direct assessment of ambient air by panel members to characterize odour exposure in a defined assessment area. — Part 2 (presented in this document) describes a plume method to characterize the presence of odour by determining the extent of the downwind odour plume of a source. Although the ultimate application of this method is in monitoring the risk of exposure to odours and the resulting odour annoyance, there is no direct relation between the presence of recognizable odours and the occurrence of odour annoyance. The process leading to odour annoyance being experienced by an individual or a community is highly complex. Additional investigations are necessary to establish a link between odour exposure and the risk of odour annoyance, which is profoundly influenced by odour exposure frequency, by the type and hedonic tone of the odour perceived, and by the characteristics of those exposed to the odour (the receptor). The relationship between odour exposure and annoyance is not within the scope of this European Standard. The sensory methods described are only suitable for the assessment of odour in ambient air. They are not suitable for the assessment of substances that cannot be detected by sensory methods, in particular when these substances may cause health effects not directly related to their perceived smell. SIST EN 16841-2:2017
Key
single measurement: odour presence point
single measurement: odour absence point
transition point
intersection lines
plume extent 1 wind direction 2 source 3 plume direction 4 maximum odour plume reach estimate 5 equal distance between the last intersection line with and the one without recognizable odour Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of an example of stationary plume measurement SIST EN 16841-2:2017
Key
single measurement: odour presence point
single measurement: odour absence point
transition point
Crossings
plume extent 1 wind direction 2 source 3 plume direction 4 maximum odour plume reach estimate 5 equal distance between the furthest crossing with and the one without recognizable odour 6 start of measurement Figure 2 — Schematic diagrams of an example of dynamic plume measurement; in the first drawing the measurement commences moving towards the source; in the second drawing the measurement commences from the source SIST EN 16841-2:2017
precipitation (rainfall, snow, …); NOTE 1 After rainfall, a break of 15 min is strongly advised before measurement recommences. — ambient temperatures above 0°C ; — standard deviation of wind direction less than 25° direction during one measurement cycle; — average wind speed at 10 m height during the measurement cycle between 2 and 8 m/s; Conditions for wind speed and direction have to be verified according 7.3.2. — constant turbulence conditions (no changing dispersion class) during one measurement cycle; the atmospheric stability is specified by indicating the Monin-Obukhov length LM, which can be measured by 3d-ultra-sonic-anemometer; the Monin-Obukhov length (LM m or above 250 m (see Table 1 and Annex C); — turbulence classes slightly stable, neutral or slightly unstable (for example Pasquill C or D or part of B and E). NOTE 2 For estimating the stability classes a normal three cup anemometer with wind vane can be used (see C.2). To achieve the Monin-Obukhov length, an ultra-sonic anemometer is mandatory. SIST EN 16841-2:2017
< LM < 100
II Ec 100
¶ LM < 500 250
¶ LM < 500 III/1 Db 500
¶ LM or LM < –700 500
¶ LM or LM < –700 III/2 Cb –700
¶ LM < –200 –700
¶ LM < –200 IV Bc –200
¶ LM < –100 –200
¶ LM < –150 V A –100
¶ LM
< 0
a These stability classes are comparable in a first approximation. b Allowed meteorological range for plume measurements. c Partly allowed meteorological range for plume measurements. NOTE 3 Suitable meteorological conditions as defined above are necessary during the measurement itself but also necessary some time before the measurement starts in order to ensure a fully constant plume has developed. It is therefore advisable to observe these meteorological conditions at least during the time needed for a full plume to develop, 1 h before the start of the measurement. 7.3.4 Assessing odour type in the field Before the start of the measurement, all panel members shall be familiarized with the odour type under investigation. Panel members assess the odour referring to a given list of odour types (“it smells of.”). The list can be adapted to the task in hand. It has to be defined before starting the survey and kept simple so as not to overburden panel members. If necessary, the list can be extended on the basis of incoming results. A distinction between several odour types is necessary only if the installation under investigation has several sources emitting different odour types or if the plumes of several facilities are unavoidably superimposed. 8 Measurement procedure 8.1 General aspects There are two methods to measure the plume extent, the stationary plume method and the dynamic plume method. In both methods a single measurement consists in the determination of the presence or absence of recognizable odour at a given moment and a given measurement point. Transition points are defined as the location halfway between the last single measurement with absence and the first single measurement with presence of the recognizable odour under investigation. The different transition points determined during a measurement cycle define the plume extent. The typical duration of one measurement cycle varies between half an hour and two hours, depending on the size of the plume and the accessibility of the terrain. Before each measurement cycle some observations upwind of the source should be recorded to determine whether the observed odour really comes from the source and is not a background odour. The plume direction is estimated from the wind direction. Suitable methods of estimation typically are using the data from the on-site weather station or using a weather vane, flag, balloon or smoke SIST EN 16841-2:2017
· 10 %. A single measurement duration of at least ten minutes is required in order to obtain a representative statement with at least 80 % certainty on the odour situation within an hour [1]. Each measurement cycle shall comply with the minimum requirements as set out in 9.1. The distance between the intersection lines and the distance between the measurement points depends on the anticipated plume extent. It is advisable to estimate the plume extent roughly beforehand, e.g. by car, as a guide for the measurement. The plume extent is affected by the structural height of the emission source, by the odorant flow rate, the current meteorological conditions and by buildings/vegetation (orography) and the topography. The position of the intersection lines and measurement points are entered on a map. The first intersection line should be chosen as such that a clear recognition of the odour under investigation can be observed. The single measurements at the first intersection line shall be carried out in such a way that allows the field observations coordinator to respond directly to unusual occurrences or uncertainty and answer any questions that may arise. For single measurements at consecutive intersection lines, the physical ranking of the panel members should be changed to prevent systematic errors. SIST EN 16841-2:2017
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