Ambient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method

This part of the European Standard describes the plume method for determining the extent of recognizable odours from a specific source using direct observation in the field by human panel members under specific meteorological conditions.
The plume method involves the determination of the presence or absence (YES/NO) of recognizable odours in and around the plume originating from a specific odorant emission source, for a specific emission situation and under specific meteorological conditions (specific wind direction, wind speed and boundary layer turbulence). The unit of measurement is the presence or absence of recognizable odours at a particular location downwind of a source. The extent of the plume is assessed as the transition of absence to presence of recognizable odour.
The primary application of this standard is to provide a common basis for the determination of the odour plume extent in the member states of the European Union.
The results are typically used to determine a plausible extent of potential exposure to recognizable odours, or to estimate the total emission rate based on the plume extent, using reverse dispersion modelling.
The field of application of this European Standard includes the determination of the extent of the recognizable odour plume downwind from a source, under specific meteorological conditions (e.g. wind direction, wind speed, turbulence, etc. (see 7.3.2).
This European Standard does not include:
-   the measurement of intensity of ambient odours;
-   the measurement of hedonic tone of ambient odours;
-   the measurement of the odour exposure in ambient air over a longer time period in an assessment area;
-   the calculation of estimated source emission rate from plume assessment using reverse dispersion modelling.
An overview of the interaction between existing odour exposure assessment methods is given in Annex A including grid method (Part 1), plume method (Part 2) and olfactometry according EN 13725.

Außenluft - Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffimmissionen durch Begehungen - Teil 2: Fahnenmessung

DDieser Teil der Europäischen Norm beschreibt die Methode der Fahnenmessung zur Bestimmung der Ausdehnung von erkennbaren Gerüchen von einer bestimmten Quelle, unter Anwendung der direkten Beurteilung im Feld durch menschliche Prüfer unter speziellen meteorologischen Bedingungen.
Die Fahnenmessung umfasst die Bestimmung des Vorhandenseins oder Nichtvorhandenseins (JA/NEIN) von erkennbaren Gerüchen einer bestimmten Geruchsemissionsquelle am Rand der Fahne für eine bestimmte Emissionssituation unter speziellen meteorologischen Bedingungen (bestimmte Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit und Grenzschichtturbulenz). Die Maßeinheit ist das Vorhandensein oder Nichtvorhandensein von erkennbaren Gerüchen an einem bestimmten Ort in Lee einer Quelle. Die Ausdehnung der Fahne wird anhand des Übergangs von Nichtvorhandensein zu Vorhandensein von erkennbarem Geruch bestimmt.
Die hauptsächliche Anwendung dieser Norm ist die Schaffung einer gemeinsamen Grundlage zur Bestimmung der Fahnenausdehnung in Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union.
Die Ergebnisse werden üblicherweise zur Bestimmung eines plausiblen Ausmaßes der möglichen Geruchsbelastung oder zur Schätzung der Gesamtemissionsrate auf der Grundlage der Fahnenausdehnung unter Anwendung einer Rückrechnung mithilfe der Ausbreitungsmodellierung genutzt.
Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäischen Norm umfasst die Bestimmung der Ausdehnung einer erkennbaren Geruchsfahne in Lee einer Quelle unter speziellen meteorologischen Bedingungen (z. B. Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit, Turbulenz usw.) (siehe7.3.2).
Diese Europäische Norm umfasst nicht:
-   die Messung der Intensität von Geruchsstoffimmissionen;
-   die Messung der Hedonik von Geruchsstoffimmissionen;
-   die Messung einer Geruchsimmission in Außenluft über eine längere Zeitdauer in einer Bewertungsfläche;
-   die Ermittlung der Quellstärke auf Basis von Geruchsfahnen unter Anwendung einer Rückrechnung mithilfe der Ausbreitungsmodellierung.
Ein Überblick über die Wechselbeziehung zwischen bestehenden Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Geruchsbelastung ist in Anhang A angeführt, einschließlich der Rastermessung (Teil 1), der Fahnenmessung (Teil 2) und der Olfaktometrie nach EN 13725.

Air ambiant - Détermination de la présence d'odeurs par mesures de terrain - Partie 2 : Méthode du panache

La présente partie de la Norme européenne décrit la méthode du panache permettant de déterminer l'étendue des odeurs identifiables émises par une source spécifique à l'aide d'une observation directe sur le terrain réalisée par les membres d'un jury humain dans des conditions météorologiques spécifiques.
La méthode du panache consiste à déterminer la présence ou l'absence (OUI/NON) d'odeurs identifiables dans et autour du panache émis par une source spécifique d'émissions odorantes, pour une situation d'émission spécifique et dans des conditions météorologiques spécifiques (direction du vent spécifique, vitesse du vent spécifique et turbulence spécifique dans la couche limite). L'unité de mesure est la présence ou l'absence d'odeurs identifiables à un emplacement particulier sous le vent d'une source. L'étendue du panache est évaluée comme la transition entre absence et présence d'une odeur identifiable.
La principale application de la présente norme est de fournir une base commune pour la détermination de l'étendue du panache odorant dans les États membres de l'Union européenne.
Les résultats sont généralement utilisés pour déterminer une étendue plausible d'exposition potentielle à des odeurs identifiables, ou pour estimer le taux d'émission totale sur la base de l'étendue du panache, en utilisant une modélisation de dispersion inverse.
Le champ d'application de la présente Norme européenne inclut la détermination de l'étendue du panache odorant identifiable sous le vent par rapport à une source, dans des conditions météorologiques spécifiques (par exemple direction du vent, vitesse du vent, turbulence, etc. (voir 7.3.2).
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre pas :
   la mesure de l'intensité des odeurs ambiantes ;
   la mesure de la qualité hédonique des odeurs ambiantes ;
   la mesure de l'exposition aux odeurs dans l'air ambiant sur une période plus longue dans une zone d'évaluation ;
   le calcul du débit d'émission estimé de la source à partir d'une évaluation du panache en utilisant une modélisation de dispersion inverse.
Un aperçu de l'interaction entre les méthodes existantes d'évaluation de l'exposition aux odeurs est donné dans l'Annexe A, ces méthodes comprenant la méthode de grille (Partie 1), la méthode du panache (Partie 2) et l'olfactométrie selon l'EN 13725.

Zunanji zrak - Določevanje vonja v zunanjem zraku s terenskim pregledom - 2. del: Metoda z izpustom

Ta evropski standard opisuje metodo z izpustom za določevanje zaznavnega in prepoznavnega vonja iz določenega vira z neposrednim opazovanjem na terenu, ki ga izvajajo ljudje, pri določenih meteoroloških pogojih. Z metodo z izpustom se določa prisotnost ali odsotnost (DA/NE) prepoznavnih vonjev iz določenega emisijskega vira vonja v določeni emisijski situaciji in pri določenih meteoroloških pogojih (določena smer vetra, hitrost vetra in turbulenca v mejni plasti). Merska enota je prisotnost ali odsotnost prepoznavnih vonjev na določeni lokaciji z vetrom v hrbet. Obseg izpusta se ocenjuje kot prehod med odsotnostjo in prisotnostjo prepoznavnega vonja. Glavni namen uporabe tega standarda je zagotoviti skupno podlago za določanje obsega izpusta v državah članicah Evropske unije. Rezultati se običajno uporabijo za določanje verjetnega obsega morebitne izpostavljenosti prepoznavnim vonjem ali za oceno skupne stopnje emisij z metodo reverznega disperznega modeliranja. Področje uporabe tega evropskega standarda vključuje določanje obsega prepoznavnega vonja izpuha iz vira z vetrom v hrbet pri določenih meteoroloških pogojih (npr. smer vetra, hitrost vetra, turbulenca itd.). Ta evropski standard ne zajema: – meritve pogostosti ur, ko je prisoten vonj, kot reprezentativne vrednosti pri povprečnih meteoroloških pogojih na neki lokaciji; – meritve intenzivnosti vonja v okoliškem zraku; – meritve hedonskega tona vonja v okoliškem zraku; – izračuna ocenjene stopnje emisij na podlagi izpustov z metodo reverznega disperznega modeliranja. Pregled obstoječih metod ocenjevanja izpostavljenosti vonju je podan v dodatku A, vključno z rastrsko metodo (del 1), metodo z izpustom (del 2) in olfaktometrijo v skladu s standardom EN 13725.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
22-Nov-2016
Withdrawal Date
30-May-2017
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
CEN/TC 264 - Air quality
Drafting Committee
CEN/TC 264/WG 27 - Measurement of odour impact by field inspection
Current Stage
9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
Start Date
02-Aug-2022
Completion Date
14-Apr-2025
Ref Project
SIST EN 16841-2:2017 - Ambient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method

Overview

EN 16841-2:2016 - "Ambient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method" (CEN) specifies a standardized plume method for mapping the spatial extent of recognizable odours emitted from a specific source by direct field inspection. The method uses trained human panel members to record the presence/absence (YES/NO) of recognizable odour downwind of an emission source under defined meteorological conditions (wind direction, wind speed, boundary-layer turbulence). The plume extent is assessed as the transition from odour absence to odour presence.

Key topics and requirements

  • Objective: Determine the downwind odour plume extent (transition points and maximum plume reach) for a specific emission situation.
  • Measurement unit: Presence or absence of recognizable odour at measurement locations; plume extent derived from transition points.
  • Field methods: Stationary plume measurements (single measurement = 10 min, 60 observations) and dynamic plume crossings by panel members.
  • Meteorological control: Measurements are valid only under documented wind direction, wind speed and turbulence conditions specified by the standard.
  • Panel requirements: Use of trained and qualified panel members and a measurement leader/field observations coordinator to ensure consistency and quality assurance.
  • Data handling: Record location, time, meteorology, odour presence/absence and derive plume extent and plume width; results can be used as input for further modelling.
  • Exclusions: The standard does not cover odour intensity, hedonic tone (pleasantness), long-term exposure assessment, or prescribe reverse dispersion model calculations for emission rate estimation (though results may be used as inputs to such models).

Applications and who uses it

  • Environmental consultants and air-quality professionals: to assess odour plume reach during site investigations, permitting, or impact assessments.
  • Regulators and local authorities: to establish a consistent basis for odour plume mapping and enforcement across EU member states.
  • Industry operators (wastewater, landfill, composting, food processing, chemical plants): to identify downwind exposure zones, prioritize mitigation actions, or verify effectiveness of abatement measures.
  • Complaint investigation teams: to validate reported odour impacts under specific meteorological conditions.

Practical outputs include a mapped odour plume extent, estimates of potential exposure area, and data suitable for use in reverse dispersion modelling to infer plausible emission rates (modelling methodology is outside this standard).

Related standards

  • EN 16841-1: Grid method (field inspection for area exposure)
  • EN 13725:2003: Dynamic olfactometry (laboratory measurement of odour concentration; practical lower detection limit ~10 ouE/m3)

Keywords: EN 16841-2:2016, plume method, odour plume extent, field inspection, ambient air, odour assessment, reverse dispersion modelling, CEN, odour exposure.

Frequently Asked Questions

EN 16841-2:2016 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Ambient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method". This standard covers: This part of the European Standard describes the plume method for determining the extent of recognizable odours from a specific source using direct observation in the field by human panel members under specific meteorological conditions. The plume method involves the determination of the presence or absence (YES/NO) of recognizable odours in and around the plume originating from a specific odorant emission source, for a specific emission situation and under specific meteorological conditions (specific wind direction, wind speed and boundary layer turbulence). The unit of measurement is the presence or absence of recognizable odours at a particular location downwind of a source. The extent of the plume is assessed as the transition of absence to presence of recognizable odour. The primary application of this standard is to provide a common basis for the determination of the odour plume extent in the member states of the European Union. The results are typically used to determine a plausible extent of potential exposure to recognizable odours, or to estimate the total emission rate based on the plume extent, using reverse dispersion modelling. The field of application of this European Standard includes the determination of the extent of the recognizable odour plume downwind from a source, under specific meteorological conditions (e.g. wind direction, wind speed, turbulence, etc. (see 7.3.2). This European Standard does not include: - the measurement of intensity of ambient odours; - the measurement of hedonic tone of ambient odours; - the measurement of the odour exposure in ambient air over a longer time period in an assessment area; - the calculation of estimated source emission rate from plume assessment using reverse dispersion modelling. An overview of the interaction between existing odour exposure assessment methods is given in Annex A including grid method (Part 1), plume method (Part 2) and olfactometry according EN 13725.

This part of the European Standard describes the plume method for determining the extent of recognizable odours from a specific source using direct observation in the field by human panel members under specific meteorological conditions. The plume method involves the determination of the presence or absence (YES/NO) of recognizable odours in and around the plume originating from a specific odorant emission source, for a specific emission situation and under specific meteorological conditions (specific wind direction, wind speed and boundary layer turbulence). The unit of measurement is the presence or absence of recognizable odours at a particular location downwind of a source. The extent of the plume is assessed as the transition of absence to presence of recognizable odour. The primary application of this standard is to provide a common basis for the determination of the odour plume extent in the member states of the European Union. The results are typically used to determine a plausible extent of potential exposure to recognizable odours, or to estimate the total emission rate based on the plume extent, using reverse dispersion modelling. The field of application of this European Standard includes the determination of the extent of the recognizable odour plume downwind from a source, under specific meteorological conditions (e.g. wind direction, wind speed, turbulence, etc. (see 7.3.2). This European Standard does not include: - the measurement of intensity of ambient odours; - the measurement of hedonic tone of ambient odours; - the measurement of the odour exposure in ambient air over a longer time period in an assessment area; - the calculation of estimated source emission rate from plume assessment using reverse dispersion modelling. An overview of the interaction between existing odour exposure assessment methods is given in Annex A including grid method (Part 1), plume method (Part 2) and olfactometry according EN 13725.

EN 16841-2:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

You can purchase EN 16841-2:2016 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Außenluft - Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffimmissionen durch Begehungen - Teil 2: FahnenmessungAir ambiant - Détermination de l'exposition aux odeurs par mesures de terrain - Partie 2 : Méthode du panacheAmbient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 2: Plume method13.040.20Kakovost okoljskega zrakaAmbient atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16841-2:2016SIST EN 16841-2:2017en,fr,de01-julij-2017SIST EN 16841-2:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16841-2
November
t r s x ICS
s uä r v rä t r English Version
Ambient air æ Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection æ Part
tã Plume method Air ambiant æ Dßtermination de la prßsence d 5odeurs par mesures de terrain æ Partie
t ã Mßthode du panache Außenluft æ Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffimmissionen durch Begehungen æ Teil
tã Fahnenmessung This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s r September
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey andUnited Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x z v sæ tã t r s x ESIST EN 16841-2:2017

Overview and interaction of existing odour measurement methods . 27 Annex B (informative)
Uncertainty of the plume method . 28 Annex C (informative)
Turbulence conditions . 30 Annex D (informative)
Example stationary plume measurement . 33 Annex E (informative)
Example dynamic plume measurement . 35 Annex F (informative)
Calculation of the odour emission rate by reverse modelling – stationary plume measurement (example) . 38 Annex G (informative)
Calculation of the odour emission rate by reverse modelling – dynamic plume measurement (example) . 40 Bibliography . 43
· 10 ouE/m3, EN 13725 cannot be applied to directly determine odour exposure in the field (i.e. measure faint odours at the concentration where they can just be recognized). The methods for measuring odour presented in this European Standard make direct use of odour perception, the effect of odorants on the human sense of smell. The standard involves the use of qualified human panel members in the field to directly assess the presence of recognizable odours in ambient air, and provide data that can be used to characterize odour exposure in a defined assessment area. The standard presents two key approaches as summarized as follows: — Part 1 describes a grid method which uses direct assessment of ambient air by panel members to characterize odour exposure in a defined assessment area. — Part 2 (presented in this document) describes a plume method to characterize the presence of odour by determining the extent of the downwind odour plume of a source. Although the ultimate application of this method is in monitoring the risk of exposure to odours and the resulting odour annoyance, there is no direct relation between the presence of recognizable odours and the occurrence of odour annoyance. The process leading to odour annoyance being experienced by an individual or a community is highly complex. Additional investigations are necessary to establish a link between odour exposure and the risk of odour annoyance, which is profoundly influenced by odour exposure frequency, by the type and hedonic tone of the odour perceived, and by the characteristics of those exposed to the odour (the receptor). The relationship between odour exposure and annoyance is not within the scope of this European Standard. The sensory methods described are only suitable for the assessment of odour in ambient air. They are not suitable for the assessment of substances that cannot be detected by sensory methods, in particular when these substances may cause health effects not directly related to their perceived smell. SIST EN 16841-2:2017

Key
single measurement: odour presence point
single measurement: odour absence point
transition point
intersection lines
plume extent 1 wind direction 2 source 3 plume direction 4 maximum odour plume reach estimate 5 equal distance between the last intersection line with and the one without recognizable odour Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of an example of stationary plume measurement SIST EN 16841-2:2017

Key
single measurement: odour presence point
single measurement: odour absence point
transition point
Crossings
plume extent 1 wind direction 2 source 3 plume direction 4 maximum odour plume reach estimate 5 equal distance between the furthest crossing with and the one without recognizable odour 6 start of measurement Figure 2 — Schematic diagrams of an example of dynamic plume measurement; in the first drawing the measurement commences moving towards the source; in the second drawing the measurement commences from the source SIST EN 16841-2:2017

precipitation (rainfall, snow, …); NOTE 1 After rainfall, a break of 15 min is strongly advised before measurement recommences. — ambient temperatures above 0°C ; — standard deviation of wind direction less than 25° direction during one measurement cycle; — average wind speed at 10 m height during the measurement cycle between 2 and 8 m/s; Conditions for wind speed and direction have to be verified according 7.3.2. — constant turbulence conditions (no changing dispersion class) during one measurement cycle; the atmospheric stability is specified by indicating the Monin-Obukhov length LM, which can be measured by 3d-ultra-sonic-anemometer; the Monin-Obukhov length (LM m or above 250 m (see Table 1 and Annex C); — turbulence classes slightly stable, neutral or slightly unstable (for example Pasquill C or D or part of B and E). NOTE 2 For estimating the stability classes a normal three cup anemometer with wind vane can be used (see C.2). To achieve the Monin-Obukhov length, an ultra-sonic anemometer is mandatory. SIST EN 16841-2:2017

< LM < 100
II Ec 100
¶ LM < 500 250
¶ LM < 500 III/1 Db 500
¶ LM or LM < –700 500
¶ LM or LM < –700 III/2 Cb –700
¶ LM < –200 –700
¶ LM < –200 IV Bc –200
¶ LM < –100 –200
¶ LM < –150 V A –100
¶ LM
< 0
a These stability classes are comparable in a first approximation. b Allowed meteorological range for plume measurements. c Partly allowed meteorological range for plume measurements. NOTE 3 Suitable meteorological conditions as defined above are necessary during the measurement itself but also necessary some time before the measurement starts in order to ensure a fully constant plume has developed. It is therefore advisable to observe these meteorological conditions at least during the time needed for a full plume to develop, 1 h before the start of the measurement. 7.3.4 Assessing odour type in the field Before the start of the measurement, all panel members shall be familiarized with the odour type under investigation. Panel members assess the odour referring to a given list of odour types (“it smells of.”). The list can be adapted to the task in hand. It has to be defined before starting the survey and kept simple so as not to overburden panel members. If necessary, the list can be extended on the basis of incoming results. A distinction between several odour types is necessary only if the installation under investigation has several sources emitting different odour types or if the plumes of several facilities are unavoidably superimposed. 8 Measurement procedure 8.1 General aspects There are two methods to measure the plume extent, the stationary plume method and the dynamic plume method. In both methods a single measurement consists in the determination of the presence or absence of recognizable odour at a given moment and a given measurement point. Transition points are defined as the location halfway between the last single measurement with absence and the first single measurement with presence of the recognizable odour under investigation. The different transition points determined during a measurement cycle define the plume extent. The typical duration of one measurement cycle varies between half an hour and two hours, depending on the size of the plume and the accessibility of the terrain. Before each measurement cycle some observations upwind of the source should be recorded to determine whether the observed odour really comes from the source and is not a background odour. The plume direction is estimated from the wind direction. Suitable methods of estimation typically are using the data from the on-site weather station or using a weather vane, flag, balloon or smoke SIST EN 16841-2:2017

· 10 %. A single measurement duration of at least ten minutes is required in order to obtain a representative statement with at least 80 % certainty on the odour situation within an hour [1]. Each measurement cycle shall comply with the minimum requirements as set out in 9.1. The distance between the intersection lines and the distance between the measurement points depends on the anticipated plume extent. It is advisable to estimate the plume extent roughly beforehand, e.g. by car, as a guide for the measurement. The plume extent is affected by the structural height of the emission source, by the odorant flow rate, the current meteorological conditions and by buildings/vegetation (orography) and the topography. The position of the intersection lines and measurement points are entered on a map. The first intersection line should be chosen as such that a clear recognition of the odour under investigation can be observed. The single measurements at the first intersection line shall be carried out in such a way that allows the field observations coordinator to respond directly to unusual occurrences or uncertainty and answer any questions that may arise. For single measurements at consecutive intersection lines, the physical ranking of the panel members should be changed to prevent systematic errors. SIST EN 16841-2:2017
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The EN 16841-2:2016 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the atmospheric assessment of odour through the plume method, making it a pivotal resource for environmental professionals involved in air quality management across the European Union. Its scope includes the direct observation by a human panel for detecting recognizable odours originating from specific emission sources under defined meteorological conditions. This emphasis on field inspection enables a practical approach to understanding the extent of odour dispersion. One of the key strengths of this standard is its focus on the clear determination of odour presence using a straightforward YES/NO criteria, allowing for a simplified yet effective evaluation of odour impact. By identifying the transition from the absence to the presence of odour, it facilitates the assessment of odour plume extent downwind from a source, providing valuable data for potential exposure assessments. The relevance of EN 16841-2:2016 extends beyond mere odour detection; it also serves as a foundational tool for odour impact analysis across EU member states. The results derived from its application can guide regulatory measures and inform stakeholders about the potential extent of odour exposure. Furthermore, the integration of this standard with reverse dispersion modelling enhances the capability to estimate total emission rates based on observed plume dimensions, thereby contributing to more accurate environmental assessments. While the standard does not encompass the intensity or hedonic tone of odours, nor does it cover longer-term ambient odour assessments, its specific focus on plume dynamics provides an essential reference point. The inclusion of an informative annex that outlines the interaction with existing methods, such as the grid method and olfactometry, adds a layer of depth to its utility. In summary, EN 16841-2:2016 stands out as a crucial standard for the determination of odour in ambient air by employing the plume method, effectively addressing the need for consistent and reliable odour assessment protocols in the context of air quality regulation within the European Union.

표준 EN 16841-2:2016은 특정 원천으로부터의 인지 가능한 악취 범위를 직접 관찰하는 현장 검사 방법인 플룸(plume) 방법을 규명하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 주요 목적은 유럽 연합 회원국에서의 악취 플룸 범위를 결정하기 위한 공통 기준을 제공하는 것입니다. 플룸 방법은 특정 기상 조건에서 특정 악취 배출원에서 발생하는 플룸 내 및 주변에서 인지 가능한 악취의 존재 여부를 판단하는 과정을 포함합니다. 이 표준의 강점은 적용 범위 및 구체적인 기상 조건, 즉 풍향, 풍속, 경계층 난기류 등을 고려하여 악취 확산을 효과적으로 평가할 수 있는 체계를 제공한다는 점입니다. 이는 실질적인 악취 노출 가능성을 평가하거나, 플룸 범위를 바탕으로 총 배출량 추정을 위한 역확산 모델링을 사용할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공합니다. EN 16841-2:2016은 직접적인 악취 강도 측정이나 악취의 판단 기준인 헤도닉 톤, 지속적인 시간 동안의 악취 노출 측정 등을 포함하지 않으며, 플룸 평가를 통한 배출원 추정율 계산 또한 수반하지 않는다는 점에서 명확한 경계를 두고 있습니다. 이를 통해 연구자나 실무자들은 특정 환경에서 인지 가능한 악취의 전파를 명확하게 분석할 수 있습니다. 또한, ANNEX A에서는 기존의 악취 노출 평가 방법 간의 상호작용을 다루며, 격자 방법(Part 1), 플룸 방법(Part 2), 및 EN 13725에 따른 후각 측정법(olfactometry) 간의 관계를 개관하고 있습니다. 이러한 체계적인 접근은 다양한 방법론 간의 중복을 방지하고 통합적인 평가 기준을 제시하여 실무적 활용도를 높입니다. 결론적으로, EN 16841-2:2016은 악취 현장 검사 및 평가의 중요한 문서로서, 유럽 내 실제 악취 관리 및 규제 기관이 사용할 수 있는 신뢰할 수 있는 기준을 제공합니다.

Die Norm EN 16841-2:2016 behandelt die Bestimmung von Gerüchen in der Umgebungsluft mittels einer Feldinspektionsmethode, die als Plume-Methode bekannt ist. Der Umfang dieser Norm konzentriert sich auf die quantitativen und qualitativen Eigenschaften von Geruchsereignissen, die von bestimmten Emissionsquellen ausgehen. Die Plume-Methode ermöglicht es Fachleuten, die Ausdehnung von erkennbaren Gerüchen durch direkte Beobachtung in der Umwelt zu bestimmen, wobei spezifische meteorologische Bedingungen berücksichtigt werden. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist ihre Fokussierung auf die Präsenz oder Abwesenheit von Gerüchen in einem bestimmten Bereich, der sich hinter einer Emissionsquelle befindet. Dies erfolgt durch die Beurteilung der Übergänge von der Abwesenheit zur Anwesenheit von Gerüchen, was eine einfache und klare Entscheidungsgrundlage für die Einhaltung von Umweltstandards bietet. Die Tatsache, dass die Untersuchung durch geschulte menschliche Panelmitglieder erfolgt, stellt sicher, dass die subjektive Wahrnehmung von Gerüchen in die Bewertung einfließt, was diese Norm besonders relevant für die Praxis macht. Die Stärken der EN 16841-2:2016 liegen in ihrer Anwendbarkeit auf das gesamte Gebiet der Mitgliederstaaten der Europäischen Union, was einen einheitlichen Rahmen für die Bestimmung des Geruchsausbreitungsbereichs schafft. Die erzielten Ergebnisse dienen dazu, plausible Expositionen gegenüber erkennbaren Gerüchen abzuleiten und die Emissionsrate basierend auf der Ausdehnung des Geruchsplumes zu schätzen. Die Norm bietet eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise und Anleitungen für die Durchführung von Messungen unter Berücksichtigung von windabhängigen Faktoren wie Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit und Scherung in der Grenzschicht. Obwohl die Norm nicht die Intensität oder den hedonischen Ton von Gerüchen misst, bietet sie dennoch wertvolle Informationen für die Beurteilung der Geruchsbelastung in der Umwelt. Sie schließt auch die Berechnung geschätzter Quellensalden über die Rückstreugerätemodellierung aus, was bedeutet, dass ihre Anwendung auf aktuelle Messmethoden der Geruchsbewertung fokussiert bleibt und somit die Klarheit der Ergebnisse fördert. Insgesamt positioniert sich die EN 16841-2:2016 als eine essentielle Norm im Bereich der Geruchsanalyse, die wichtige Richtlinien zur Bestimmung der Geruchsverbreitung bietet und damit einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Festlegung von Umweltschutzstandards in der Euopäischen Union leistet.

La norme EN 16841-2:2016, intitulée "Air ambiant - Détermination de l'odeur dans l'air ambiant par inspection sur le terrain - Partie 2 : Méthode du panache", s'inscrit résolument dans le cadre des évaluations olfactives en milieu ambiant, offrant une base commune indispensable pour la détermination de l'étendue des panaches odorants dans les États membres de l'Union européenne. La portée de cette norme est spécifiquement axée sur l'utilisation de la méthode du panache pour évaluer les odeurs reconnaissables émanant d'une source spécifique par l'observation directe sur le terrain. Cela se fait dans des conditions météorologiques définies, garantissant que les résultats soient pertinents et représentatifs. Parmi ses forces, la norme met en avant une approche méthodologique rigoureuse, qui permet de déterminer la présence ou l'absence (OUI/NON) d'odeurs reconnaissables dans et autour du panache d'une source d'émission d'odeur. En délimitant l'étendue du panache odorant, cette norme contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l'impact environnemental des émissions odorantes dans l'air ambiant. De plus, l'utilisation de cette norme est cruciale pour évaluer l'exposition potentielle aux odeurs reconnaissables, mais aussi pour estimer le taux d'émission total en se basant sur l'étendue du panache à l'aide de la modélisation de dispersion inverse. Ceci illustre son rôle central dans les études environnementales, permettant de relier la science des odeurs à des données exploitables pour la prise de décisions. Il est important de noter que cette norme ne couvre pas certains aspects de l'évaluation olfactive, comme la mesure de l'intensité des odeurs ambiantes ou la durée d'exposition à des concentrations d'odeurs sur des périodes prolongées, ce qui souligne la spécialisation de la méthode du panache par rapport à d'autres méthodes d'évaluation mentionnées, telles que la méthode de grille (Partie 1) et l'olfactométrie selon la norme EN 13725. En somme, la norme EN 16841-2:2016 constitue un outil essentiel pour les professionnels travaillant sur l'impact des odeurs dans l'air ambiant, favorisant une approche standardisée et fiable pour l'analyse des panaches odorants dans divers contextes environnementaux.

EN 16841-2:2016は、特定の臭気源からの認識可能な臭気の範囲を特定するためのプルーム法を詳述した欧州規格の一部であり、外部での直接観察を通じて人間パネルメンバーによって実施されます。この標準のスコープは、特定の気象条件下における臭気プルームの範囲を評価することであり、主にEU加盟国における臭気プルームの範囲判定の共通の基盤を提供します。 このプルーム法の強みは、臭気源からの臭気の有無（YES/NO）を明確に示すことができる点です。特に、特定の排出状況や気象条件（風向き、風速、境界層の乱流など）に基づいた測定が行われ、その結果は認識可能な臭気への潜在的な曝露の範囲を判断するためや、プルームの範囲に基づいて総排出量を推定するために利用されます。逆散逸モデルを使って排出量を見積もるための重要な情報を提供することができます。 さらに、EN 16841-2:2016は、臭気の強度やヘドニックトーンの測定、長期間にわたる環境中の臭気曝露の測定、プルーム評価を用いた推定排出率の計算は含まれていないため、より特化した方法論に焦点を当てていることが特徴です。この明確な範囲設定は、実施者が必要な情報を的確に得るための利点となっています。 また、附属書Aでは、既存の臭気曝露評価手法との相互作用についての概要が提供され、グリッド法（パート1）、プルーム法（パート2）、および嗅覚測定法（EN 13725）との比較がなされており、臭気評価に関する包括的な理解を深める上で重要です。この標準は、効果的で信頼性の高い臭気評価を実施するための基盤を提供し、環境保護や公衆衛生に寄与することを目的としています。