ISO 22621-3:2007
(Main)Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressures up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar) - Polyamide (PA) - Part 3: Fittings
Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressures up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar) - Polyamide (PA) - Part 3: Fittings
ISO 22621 specifies the physical and mechanical properties of fittings made from polyamide (PA) in accordance with ISO 22621-1, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels at maximum operating pressures (MOP) up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar). It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods to which it refers. In addition, it lays down dimensional characteristics and requirements for the marking of fittings. In conjunction with the other parts of ISO 22621, it is applicable to PA fittings, their joints, to joints with components of PA and to joints with mechanical fittings of other materials, and to the following fitting types: fusion fittings (electrofusion and butt fusion fittings); transition fittings.
SystΓ¨mes de canalisations en matiΓ¨res plastiques pour la distribution de combustibles gazeux pour des pressions maximales de service infΓ©rieures ou Γ©gales Γ 2 MPa (20 bar) β Polyamide (PA) β Partie 3: Raccords
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 22621-3:2007 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressures up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar) - Polyamide (PA) - Part 3: Fittings". This standard covers: ISO 22621 specifies the physical and mechanical properties of fittings made from polyamide (PA) in accordance with ISO 22621-1, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels at maximum operating pressures (MOP) up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar). It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods to which it refers. In addition, it lays down dimensional characteristics and requirements for the marking of fittings. In conjunction with the other parts of ISO 22621, it is applicable to PA fittings, their joints, to joints with components of PA and to joints with mechanical fittings of other materials, and to the following fitting types: fusion fittings (electrofusion and butt fusion fittings); transition fittings.
ISO 22621 specifies the physical and mechanical properties of fittings made from polyamide (PA) in accordance with ISO 22621-1, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels at maximum operating pressures (MOP) up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar). It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods to which it refers. In addition, it lays down dimensional characteristics and requirements for the marking of fittings. In conjunction with the other parts of ISO 22621, it is applicable to PA fittings, their joints, to joints with components of PA and to joints with mechanical fittings of other materials, and to the following fitting types: fusion fittings (electrofusion and butt fusion fittings); transition fittings.
ISO 22621-3:2007 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.200 - Petroleum products and natural gas handling equipment; 83.140.30 - Plastics pipes and fittings for non fluid use. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 22621-3:2007 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 16486-3:2012. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 22621-3:2007 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22621-3
First edition
2007-11-15
Plastics piping systems for the supply
of gaseous fuels for maximum
operating pressures up to and
including 2 MPa (20 bar) β
Polyamide (PA) β
Part 3:
Fittings
Systèmes de canalisations en matières plastiques pour la distribution
de combustibles gazeux pour des pressions maximales de service
infΓ©rieures ou Γ©gales Γ 2 MPa (20 bar) β Polyamide (PA) β
Partie 3: Raccords
Reference number
Β©
ISO 2007
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Β© ISO 2007
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Published in Switzerland
ii Β© ISO 2007 β All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms.2
4 Material .3
5 General characteristics .4
6 Geometrical characteristics.5
7 Mechanical characteristics .10
8 Physical characteristics.12
9 Chemical resistance of fittings in contact with chemicals.12
10 Marking .12
11 Packaging .13
Annex A (informative) Examples of typical terminal connections for electrofusion fittings .14
Annex B (normative) Short-term pressure test method.16
Annex C (normative) Tensile test fitting/pipe assemblies .18
Annex D (normative) Tear test for saddles assemblies .19
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22621-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the
transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 4, Plastics pipes and fittings for the supply of gaseous fuels.
ISO 22621 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics piping systems for the supply of
gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressures up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar) β Polyamide (PA):
β― Part 1: General
β― Part 2: Pipes
β― Part 3: Fittings
Fitness for purpose of the system is to form the subject of a future part 5.
iv Β© ISO 2007 β All rights reserved
Introduction
As polyamide material is used for piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels both at low and high
pressure, ISO/TC 138/SC 4 experts decided to split the standardization programme into two series of
International Standards, with one series covering low pressures up to 0,4 MPa (4 bar), and ISO 22621 high
pressures up to 2 MPa (20 bar).
Thin wall thickness pipes and solvent cement joints are used typically for pressures up to 0,4 MPa (4 bar),
while thicker wall thickness pipes and butt fusion, electrofusion and mechanical joints are typically used for
pressures up to 2 MPa (20 bar). For technical and safety reasons, it is not possible to mix the components of
the two types of piping system (thin wall thickness pipes cannot be jointed by butt fusion or mechanical joints
and vice versa). In particular, solvent cement joints must not be used for jointing for high pressure piping
systems.
NOTE With the publication of ISO 22621-5, performance requirements for joints are to be added to this part of
ISO 22621.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22621-3:2007(E)
Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for
maximum operating pressures up to and including 2 MPa
(20 bar) β Polyamide (PA) β
Part 3:
Fittings
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22621 specifies the physical and mechanical properties of fittings made from polyamide (PA)
in accordance with ISO 22621-1, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels at maximum
1)
operating pressures (MOP) up to and including 20 bar .
It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods to which it refers.
In addition, it lays down dimensional characteristics and requirements for the marking of fittings.
In conjunction with the other parts of ISO 22621, it is applicable to PA fittings, their joints, to joints with
components of PA and to joints with mechanical fittings of other materials, and to the following fitting types:
β― fusion fittings β electrofusion fittings and butt fusion fittings;
β― transition fittings.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics β Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 307, Plastics β Polyamides β Determination of viscosity number
ISO 1167-1, Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for the conveyance of fluids β Determination of
the resistance to internal pressure β Part 1: General method
ISO 1167-4, Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for the conveyance of fluids β Determination of
2)
the resistance to internal pressure β Part 4: Preparation of assemblies
ISO 3126, Plastics piping systems β Plastics components β Determination of dimensions
5 2
1) 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 10 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm
2) To be published.
ISO 4433-1:1997, Thermoplastics pipes β Resistance to liquid chemicals β Classification β
Part 1: Immersion test method
ISO 11922-1:1997, Thermoplastic pipes for the conveyance of fluids β Dimensions and tolerances β Part 1:
Metric series
ISO 13951:2001, Plastics piping systems β Test method for the resistance of polyolefin pipe/pipe or
pipe/fitting assemblies to tensile loading
ISO 13953:2001, Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings β Determination of the tensile strength and failure
mode of test pieces from a butt-fused joint
ISO 13954, Plastics pipes and fittings β Peel decohesion test for polyethylene (PE) electrofusion assemblies
of nominal outside diameter greater than or equal to 90 mm
ISO 13955:1997, Plastics pipes and fittings β Crushing decohesion test for polyethylene (PE) electrofusion
assemblies
ISO 13957:1997, Plastics pipes and fittings β Polyethylene (PE) tapping tees β Test method for impact
resistance
ISO 22621-1:2007, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressures
up to 2 MPa (20 bar) β Polyamide (PA) β Part 1: General
ISO 22621-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressures up to
2 MPa (20 bar) β Polyamide (PA) β Part 2: Pipes
EN 682, Elastomeric seals β Materials requirements for seals used in pipes and fittings carrying gas and
hydrocarbon fluids
IEC 60529:2001, Degree of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms given in
ISO 22621-1 and the following apply.
3.1
electrofusion socket fitting
polyamide (PA) fitting which contains one or more integral heating elements that are capable of transforming
electrical energy into heat to realise a fusion joint with a spigot end and/or a pipe
3.2
electrofusion saddle fitting
polyamide (PA) fitting which contains one or more integral heating elements that are capable of transforming
electrical energy into heat to realize fusion onto a pipe
3.3
tapping tee
electrofusion saddle fitting (top loading or wraparound) comprised of one or more integral heating elements
and an integral cutter, used to cut through the wall of the main pipe, and holds the coupon inside the cutter
NOTE The cutter remains in the body of the saddle after installation.
3.4
branch saddle
electrofusion saddle fitting (top loading or wraparound) comprised of one or more integral heating elements,
which requires an ancillary cutting tool for drilling the hole in the main pipe
2 Β© ISO 2007 β All rights reserved
3.5
spigot end fitting
polyamide (PA) fitting where the outside diameter of the spigot length is equal to the nominal outside
diameter, d , of the corresponding pipe
n
3.6
mechanical fitting
fitting for assembling a polyamide (PA) pipe to another PA pipe or any other element of the piping system
NOTE 1 The mechanical fitting can be supplied for field assembly or pre-assembled by the manufacturer and generally
includes a compression part to provide pressure integrity, leak-tightness and resistance to end loads. A support sleeve
inserted into the pipe bore provides a permanent support for the PA pipe to prevent creep in the pipe wall under radial
compressive forces.
NOTE 2 The metallic parts of the fitting may be assembled to metallic pipes by screw threads, compression joints,
welded or flanged connections. The fitting can allow for either a dismountable or permanently assembled joint. In some
cases, the supporting ring may also act as a grip ring.
3.7
voltage regulation
control of energy supplied, during the fusion process of an electrofusion fitting, by means of the voltage
parameter
4 Material
4.1 PA compound
The fittings shall be made from virgin material.
The compound from which the fittings are made shall be in accordance with ISO 22621-1.
4.2 Material for non-polyamide parts
4.2.1 General
The materials and constituent elements used in making the fitting shall be resistant to the external and internal
environments in which they are intended to be used:
a) during storage;
b) under the effect of the fluids being conveyed;
c) taking account of the service environment and operating conditions.
Fittings materials, including elastomers, greases and lubricants in contact with the PA pipe, shall not adversely
affect pipe performance or initiate stress cracking.
4.2.2 Metal parts
All parts susceptible to corrosion shall be adequately protected.
When dissimilar metallic materials are used which may be in contact with moisture, steps shall be taken to
avoid galvanic corrosion.
Metals and materials produced by corrosion shall not affect the long-term performance of the pipe/fitting.
4.2.3 Elastomers
Elastomeric materials used for the manufacture of seals shall be in accordance with EN 682.
4.2.4 Other materials
Greases or lubricants shall not exude on to the fusion areas, and shall not affect the long-term performance of
the pipe/fitting.
5 General characteristics
5.1 Appearance
When viewed without magnification, the internal and external surfaces of the fitting shall be smooth, clean and
free from scoring, cavities and other surface defects such as would prevent conformity of the fitting to this part
of ISO 22621.
5.2 Design
The design of the fitting shall be such that, when assembling the fitting onto the pipe, spigot ends or other
components, the electrical coils and/or seals and other functional parts (e.g. grippers) are not displaced.
5.3 Colour
The fitting shall be either black or yellow.
5.4 Electrical characteristics for electrofusion fittings
The electrical protection to be provided by the system depends on the voltage and the current used and on
the characteristics of the electric power.
For voltages greater than 25 V, direct human contact with the energized parts shall not be possible when the
fitting is in the fusion cycle during assembly in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the
fittings and the assembly equipment, as applicable.
NOTE 1 This type of fitting is part of an electrical system as defined in IEC 60335-1, IEC 60364-1 and IEC 60449.
Protection against direct contact with active parts (live conductors) is required for conformity with IEC 60529. This
protection is a function of the work site conditions.
NOTE 2 See Annex A for examples of typical electrofusion terminal connectors.
The surface finish of the terminal pins shall allow a minimum contact resistance in order to satisfy the
resistance tolerance requirements (nominal value Β± 10 %).
5.5 Appearance of factory-made joints
The following requirements apply only to joints and fittings made or assembled in the factory.
The internal and external surfaces of the pipe and fitting after fusion jointing, examined visually without
magnification, shall be free from melt exudation outside the confines of the fitting apart from that which may be
declared acceptable by the fitting manufacturer or used as a fusion marker.
Any melt exudation shall not cause wire movement in electrofusion fittings leading to short circuiting when
jointed in accordance with the manufacturerβs instructions. There shall be no excessive creasing of the internal
surfaces of the adjoining pipes.
4 Β© ISO 2007 β All rights reserved
The interface of the butt fusion joints shall be perpendicular to the pipe and/or spigot end axis.
5.6 Fusion compatibility
Components made from PA 11 shall be heat fusion jointed only to components made from PA 11.
Components made from PA 12 shall be heat fusion jointed only to components made from PA 12.
Components made from polyamide are not fusion compatible with components made from other polymers.
6 Geometrical characteristics
6.1 Measurement of dimensions
The dimensions of the fittings shall be measured in accordance with ISO 3126. In case of dispute, the
measurement of dimensions shall be made not less than 24 h after manufacture and after conditioning for at
least 4 h at (23 Β± 2) Β°C.
6.2 Dimensions of electrofusion sockets
6.2.1 Diameters and lengths of electrofusion sockets
When measured in accordance with 6.1, the diameters and lengths of electrofusion sockets (see Figure 1)
shall be in accordance with Table 1.
The mean inside diameter of the fitting in the middle of the fusion zone, D , shown in Figure 1, shall not be
less than d . The manufacturer shall declare the actual maximum and minimum values of D and L for
n 1 1
determining suitability for clamping and joint assembly.
In the case of a fitting having sockets of differing sizes, each socket shall conform to the requirements for the
corresponding nominal diameter.
6.2.2 Wall thickness
In order to prevent stress concentrations, any changes in wall thickness of the fitting body shall be gradual.
a) The wall thickness of the body of the fitting at any point, E, shall be greater than or equal to e for the
min
corresponding pipe at any part of the fitting located at a distance beyond a maximum of 2L /3 from all
entrance faces if the fitting and the corresponding pipe are made from a polyamide having the same
MRS.
If the fitting is produced from a polyamide having an MRS that is different from that of the corresponding
pipe, the relationship between the wall thickness of the fitting, E, and the pipe, e , shall be in
min
accordance with Table 2.
b) In the case of a wall thickness design different from that according to a), fittings and associated fusion
joints shall additionally meet the performance requirements given in Table 3.
Key
a
D mean inside diameter in fusion zone
b
D bore that is minimum diameter of flow channel through body of fitting
c
L depth of penetration of pipe or male end of spigot fitting
d
L heated length within socket
e
L distance between mouth of fitting and start of fusion zone
a
D is measured in a plane parallel to the plane of the mouth at a distance of L + 0,5L .
1 3 2
b
D W (d β 2e ).
2 n min
c
In the case of a coupling without a stop, it is not greater than half the total length of the fitting.
d
As declared by the manufacturer to be the nominal length of the fusion zone.
e
As declared by the manufacturer to be the nominal unheated entrance length of the fitting, L shall be W 5 mm.
Figure 1 β Dimensions of electrofusion sockets
Table 1 β Electrofusion socket dimensions
Dimensions in millimetres
Voltage regulation
Intensity regulation Fusion zone
L
d
2,min
n L L
1,min 1,max
20 25 41 10
25 25 41 10
32 25 44 10
40 25 49 12
50 28 55 15
63 31 63 19
75 35 70 22
90 40 79 26
110 53 82 32
125 58 87 36
140 62 92 40
160 68 98 46
180 74 105 52
200 80 112 57
225 88 120 64
250 95 129 71
6 Β© ISO 2007 β All rights reserved
Table 2 β Relationship between pipe and fitting wall thickness
a
Material
Relationship between fitting wall thickness, E,
and pipe wall thickness, e
min
Pipe Fitting
PA 180 PA 160 E W 1,12e
min
PA 160 PA 180 E W 0,9e
min
a
For material classification and designation, see ISO 22621-1:2007, 5.4.
Table 3 β Performance requirements
Test parameters
Test
Characteristic Requirement
method
Parameter Value
End caps Type A
Orientation Free
Failure pressure
Conditioning period 16 h
shall be greater than
pressure equivalent Type of test Water-in-water
Short-term
of 2,00 Γ MRS
internal pressure Annex B
Test temperature 20 Β°C
calculated for
resistance
thickest-walled pipe
Pressure increase rate 5 bar/min
for which the fitting
Minimum pressure:
has been designed.
a b
PA 11 160 and PA 12 160 72 bar
a b
PA 11 180 and PA 12 180 64 bar
Fitting shall not yield
Resistance to before pipe or until
Test temperature 23 Β°C Annex C
tensile load 25% elongation is
reached
a
For material classification and designation, see ISO 22621-1:2007, 5.4.
b 5 2
1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 10 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm .
6.3 Dim
...
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Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ 22621-3
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
2007-11-15
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2 ΠΠΠ° (20 Π±Π°Ρ) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ.
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Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 3.
Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ
Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels for maximum
operating pressures up to and including 2 MPa (20 bar) β Polyamide
(PA) β
Part 3: Fittings
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ GOST R
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ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ . iv
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ . v
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 1
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ . 1
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 2
4 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» . 3
5 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ . 4
6 ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ . 5
7 ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ . 10
8 Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ . 12
9 Π‘ΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ . 12
10 ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° . 12
11 Π£ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° . 13
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ A (ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅) ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² . 14
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ B (Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅) ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ . 16
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ C (Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅) ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ /ΡΡΡΠ±Π° . 18
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ D (Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅) ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ . 19
ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ . 22
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ISO) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ,
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ISO). Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ISO. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½,
Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ
Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ISO, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅. ISO ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (IEC) ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π§Π°ΡΡΠΈ 2
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ² ISO/IEC.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ-
ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 75 % ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π². ISO Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
βΠ»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π².
ISO 22621-3 Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ISO/TC 138, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ SC 4,
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°.
ISO 22621 Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 2
ΠΠΠ° (20 Π±Π°Ρ) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ (PΠ):
 Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1. ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
 Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2. Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ
 Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 3. Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ
Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ 5, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅.
iv Β© ISO 2007 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ISO/TC 138/SC 4 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²: ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ (ISO 15439) Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ 0,4 ΠΠa (4 Π±Π°Ρ), Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ (ISO 22621) Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ 2 ΠΠa (20 Π±Π°Ρ).
Π’ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡ (ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 0,4 ΠΠa
(4 Π±Π°Ρ), ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠΊ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 2 ΠΠa (20 Π±Π°Ρ). ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ (ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ). Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡ (ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ± Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ISO 22621-5, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ISO 22621.
ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ ISO 22621-3:2007(R)
Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 2 ΠΠΠ° (20 Π±Π°Ρ) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ (Π Π).
Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 3.
Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ISO 22621 Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ISO 22621-1, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ
1)
ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 20 Π±Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ.
ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π²
ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ISO 22621 ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ
Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ISO 22621, Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ PAβΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° (PA) ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·
Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²:
 ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ β ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠΊ;
 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ.
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠΈΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ
Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ).
ISO 291, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ISO 307, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ISO 1167-1, Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1. ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄
5 2
1) 1 Π±Π°Ρ = 0,1 ΠΠa = 10 Πa; 1 ΠΠa = 1 Π/ΠΌΠΌ
ISO 1167-4, Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 4. ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ².
ISO 3126, Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±. ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²
ISO 4433-1:1997, Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ISO 11922-1:1997, Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄.
Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ISO 13951:2001, Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°/ΡΡΡΠ±Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°/ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°
ISO 13953:2001, Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π²ΡΡΡΠΊ
ISO 13954, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
(ΠΠ)
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ 90ΠΌΠΌ
ISO 13955:1997, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
(ΠΠ) ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ²
ISO 13957:1997, Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ISO 22621-1:2007, Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 2 ΠΠΠ° (20 Π±Π°Ρ) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ (Π Π). Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1.
ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ISO 22621-2, Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 2 ΠΠΠ° (20 Π±Π°Ρ) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ (Π Π). Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2. Π’ΡΡΠ±Ρ
EN 682, Π£ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²
IEC 60529:2001, Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΠΎΠ΄ IP)
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²
ISO 22621-1, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅.
3.1
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³
electrofusion socket fitting
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ (PA) ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ
3.2
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³
electrofusion saddle fitting
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ (PA) ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ
2 Β© ISO 2007 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
3.3
Π’-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ (ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΊ)
tapping tee
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ (Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π²
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ°
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ.
3.4
Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊ
branch saddle
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊ (Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Π΅
3.5
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ
spigot end fitting
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ (PA) ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, d , ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ
n
3.6
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³
mechanical fitting
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ (PA) ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ PA -ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ 1 ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²,
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ PA, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ».
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ 2 ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ±Ρ,
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎ.
3.7
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
voltage regulation
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
4 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»
4.1 ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ PA
Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ
ISO 22621-1.
4.2 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
4.2.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ:
a) Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ;
b) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄;
c) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ,
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ PA, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
4.2.2 ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³Π°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ/ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
4.2.3 ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ EN 682.
4.2.4 ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ
Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ/ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
5 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
5.1 ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ
Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
ISO 22621.
5.2 ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ±Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ,
Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΡ) Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ.
5.3 Π¦Π²Π΅Ρ
Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°.
5.4 ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.
4 Β© ISO 2007 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 25 Π, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ±Π΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²
ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ 1 Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² IEC 60335-1,
IEC 60364-1 ΠΈ IEC 60449. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ( ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ)
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ IEC 60529. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ 2 Π‘ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ A Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Β± 10 %).
5.5 ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° Π²Π½Π΅
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ.
Π Π°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Ρ
,
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ΅
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±.
ΠΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΠ±Π΅ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°.
5.6 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· PA 11 Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· PA 11.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· PA 12 Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· PA 12.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ,
ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ².
6 ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
6.1 ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²
Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ISO 3126. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ,
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 24 Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ (23 Β± 2) Β°C Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, 4 Ρ
6.2 Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΡΡΡ)
6.2.1 ΠΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΡΡΡ)
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ 6.1, Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²
(ΠΌΡΡΡ) (ΡΠΌ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ 1) Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 1.
Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, D , ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° Π ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ 1,
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ d . ΠΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅
n
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ D ΠΈ L Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
1 1
Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ± Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.
6.2.2 Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ.
a) Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅, E, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° e Π΄Π»Ρ
min
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ°
2L /3 ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±Π° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ MRS.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ MRS, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ MRS ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, E, ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, e , Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
min
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΡ 2.
b) Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ a), ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 3.
ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
a
D ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
b
D ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
c
L Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
d
L Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π°
e
L ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
a
D ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ L + 0,5L .
1 3 2
b
D W (d β 2e ).
2 n min
c
Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ° (Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
d
Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
e
Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, L Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π°
Π±ΡΡΡ W 5 ΠΌΠΌ.
Π ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ 1 β Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΡΡΡ)
6 Β© ISO 2007 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 1 β Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΡΡΡ)
Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π Π΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π Π΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
L L
1,min 1,max L
2,min
d
n
20 25 41 10
25 25 41 10
32 25 44 10
40 25 49 12
50 28 55 15
63 31 63 19
75 35 70 22
90 40 79 26
110 53 82 32
125 58 87 36
140 62 92 40
160 68 98 46
180 74 105 52
200 80 112 57
225 88 120 64
250 95 129 71
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 2 β ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
a
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»
ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, E,
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, e
min
Π’ΡΡΠ±Π° Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³
PA 180 PA 160 E W 1,12e
min
PA 160 PA 180 E W 0,9e
min
a
Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΌ. ISO 22621-1:2007, 5.4.
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 3 β Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ
ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄
Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π³Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠΏ A
Π Π°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅
ΠΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
Π±ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 16 h
Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π’ΠΈΠΏ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅
ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅2,00 Γ MRS,
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ 20 Β°C
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ B
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Π‘ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 5 Π±Π°Ρ/ΠΌΠΈΠ½
Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅:
ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ
a b
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½
PA 11 160 ΠΈ PA 12 160 72 Π±Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³.
a b
PA 11 180 ΠΈ PA 12 180 64 Π±Π°Ρ
Π€ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±Π°, ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ 23 Β°C
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ C
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ΅
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎ 25 %-
Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
a
Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΌ. ISO 22621-1:2007, 5.4.
b 5 2
1 Π±Π°Ρ = 0,1 ΠΠa = 10 Πa; 1 ΠΠa = 1 Π/ΠΌΠΌ .
6.3 Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
...
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