Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual - Amendment 3: Support for colour spaces

Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels — Partie 2: Codage visuel — Amendement 3: Support pour espaces de couleur

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
24-Jun-2007
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
25-Jun-2007
Due Date
21-Oct-2008
Completion Date
21-Oct-2008

Relations

Effective Date
06-Jun-2022
Effective Date
15-Apr-2008

Overview

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd 3:2007 is an international standard amendment that enhances Part 2 of the MPEG-4 Visual coding standard by providing comprehensive support for colour spaces. Published by ISO and IEC, this amendment addresses the encoding and decoding of digital video content with extended color accuracy and flexibility in colour space representation. It introduces key enhancements to accommodate various colour primaries, transfer characteristics, and matrix coefficients, ensuring better interoperability and visual fidelity across digital media devices and broadcasting systems.

This standard is critical for developers, broadcasters, and multimedia professionals who require precise control over colour information in audio-visual objects coded for delivery and playback.

Key Topics

  • Colour Primaries Specification
    Defines sets of colour primaries according to established international recommendations such as ITU-R BT.709, BT.470-6, BT.601, and SMPTE standards. These specify the chromaticity coordinates for red, green, blue, and white points, supporting both historical and modern television and film colour systems.

  • Transfer Characteristics
    Specifies various gamma and transfer functions used to convert luminance signals for display. Transfer characteristics include ITU-R BT.709-5, IEC 61966-2-4 (sRGB), and logarithmic systems, accommodating different display technologies and ensuring accurate reproduction of brightness and contrast.

  • Matrix Coefficients for Colour Conversion
    Details matrix coefficients used to transform RGB colour signals into luminance (Y) and chrominance (Cb, Cr) components, and vice versa. This covers a range of common television and film standards, plus YCgCo colour space for efficient color difference coding, enhancing compression and color fidelity.

  • Video Range and Signal Types
    Defines full and limited video signal ranges (e.g., black-to-white levels from 16-235 or 0-255 for 8-bit video), with clear semantics for handling nominal black and white levels in digital video signals. The standard also provides default assumptions when video signal metadata is absent.

  • Mathematical Formulations
    Includes precise formulae for rounding, flooring, and color component transformations, enabling developers to implement compliant decoding and encoding algorithms consistently.

Applications

  • Digital Video Compression
    The amendment ensures video codecs can encode colour data reliably across devices and platforms, improving picture quality and colour consistency in streaming, broadcasting, and storage.

  • Broadcast Television Standards Compliance
    Supports legacy and current broadcasting systems (e.g., NTSC, PAL, SECAM), facilitating content exchange and distribution between regions and standards.

  • Colour Management in Multimedia Systems
    Enables better colour fidelity in multimedia applications, including video editing, digital cinema, and consumer electronics like TVs and set-top boxes.

  • Standardized Video Content Delivery
    Crucial for content providers and platform operators to deliver colour-accurate video content that meets international interoperability requirements.

  • Research and Development
    Offers a solid foundation for developing new video processing algorithms incorporating advanced colour spaces and transfer characteristics.

Related Standards

  • ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004 (MPEG-4 Visual Part 2)
    Base standard for coding of audiovisual objects – Part 2: Visual. Amendment 3 extends its colour space handling capabilities.

  • ITU-R Recommendations
    Standards such as BT.709-5, BT.601, BT.470, which define colour primaries and transfer functions for television systems.

  • IEC 61966-2-4 (sRGB Colour Space)
    Specifies sRGB colour encoding, referenced for transfer characteristics support.

  • SMPTE Standards (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)
    Provide additional colour primaries and transfer functions related to professional film and television production.

  • ISO/IEC JTC 1 / SC 29
    The technical committee responsible for coding of audio and visual data, including MPEG standards development.


This amendment to ISO/IEC 14496-2 significantly advances the MPEG-4 Visual standard by ensuring robust, standardized support for diverse and complex colour spaces, enabling high-quality, dependable video playback and editing across global digital environments. It is an essential reference for multimedia engineers, codec developers, and broadcasters seeking to implement or comply with modern colour management in compressed video systems.

Standard

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd 3:2007 - Support for colour spaces

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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd 3:2007 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual - Amendment 3: Support for colour spaces". This standard covers: Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual - Amendment 3: Support for colour spaces

Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual - Amendment 3: Support for colour spaces

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd 3:2007 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.040 - Information coding; 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd 3:2007 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004; is excused to ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd 3:2007 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-2
Third edition
2004-06-01
AMENDMENT 3
2007-07-01
Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 2:
Visual
AMENDMENT 3: Support for colour spaces
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 2: Codage visuel
AMENDEMENT 3: Support pour espaces de couleur

Reference number
ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd.3:2007(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2007
ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd.3:2007(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd.3:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Amendment 3 to ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,
Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia
information.
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd.3:2007(E)

Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects —
Part 2:
Visual
AMENDMENT 3: Support for colour spaces
At the end of subclause 4.1, add the following:
Floor() the largest integer less than or equal to the argument
Round() Sign( x ) * Floor( Abs( x ) + 0,5), for an argument x
In 6.3.2, replace Table 6-8 with the following:
Table 6-8 — Colour Primaries
Value Primaries Informative Remarks
0 Forbidden
1 primary x y ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-5
green 0,300 0,600 ITU-R Recommendation BT.1361 conventional
colour gamut system or extended colour gamut
blue 0,150 0,060
system
red 0,640 0,330
IEC 61966-2-4
white D65 0,3127 0,3290
Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineers RP 177 Annex B
2 Unspecified Image characteristics are unknown or are
determined by the application
3 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
4 primary x y ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 System M
(historical)
green 0,21 0,71
United States National Television System
blue 0,14 0,08
Committee 1953 Recommendation for
red 0,67 0,33
transmission standards for color television
white C 0,310 0,316
United States Federal Communications
Commission Title 47 Code of Federal
Regulations (2004) 73.682 (a) (20)
5 primary x y ITU-R Recommendation BT.1700 625 PAL or
625 SECAM
green 0,29 0,60
ITU-R Recommendation BT.1358 625
blue 0,15 0,06
ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 System B, G
red 0,64 0,33
(historical)
white D65 0,3127 0,3290
ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-6 625
© ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved 1

ISO/IEC 14496-2:2004/Amd.3:2007(E)
6 primary x y ITU-R Recommendation BT.1700 NTSC
green 0,310 0,595 ITU-R Recommendation BT.1358 525
blue 0,155 0,070 ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-6 525
red 0,630 0,340 Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineers 170M
white D65 0,3127 0,3290
(functionally the same as the value 7)
7 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineers 240M
green 0,310 0,595
(functionally the same as the value 6)
blue 0,155 0,070
red 0,630 0,340
white D65 0,3127 0,3290
8 primary x y Generic film (colour filters using Illuminant C)
green 0,243 0,692 (Wratten 58)
blue 0,145 0,049 (Wratten 47)
red 0,681 0,319 (Wratten 25)
white C 0.310 0.316
9-255 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC

In 6.3.2, replace Table 6-9 with the following:
Table 6-9 — Transfer Characteristics
Value Transfer Characteristic Informative Remarks
0 Forbidden
0,45
1 V = 1,099 L – 0,099 ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-5
c
for 1 ≥ L ≥ 0,018 ITU-R Recommendation BT.1361 conventional colour
c
gamut system
V = 4,500 L
c
(functionally the same as the value 6)
for 0,018 > L ≥ 0
c
2 Unspecified Image characteristics are unknown or are determined by
the application.
3 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
4 Assumed display gamma 2,2 ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 System M (historical)
United States National Television System Committee 1953
Recommendation for transmission standards for color
television
ITU-R Recommendation BT.1700 (2007 revision)
625 PAL or 625 SECAM
United States Federal Communications Commission Title
47 Code of Federal Regulations (2004) 73.682 (a) (20)
5 Assumed display gamma 2,8 ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 System B, G (historical)
0,45
6 V = 1,099 L – 0,099 ITU-R Recommendation BT.1700 NTSC
c
for 1 ≥ L ≥ 0,018 ITU-R Recommendation BT.1358 525 or 625
c
V = 4,500 L ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-6 525 or 625
c
for 0,018 > L ≥ 0 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 170M
c
(functionally the same as the value 1)
2 © ISO/IEC 2007 – All rights reserved

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