ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-15-4:2024

International
Standard
ISO/IEC/IEEE
8802-15-4
Information technology —
Third edition
Telecommunications and
2024-07
information exchange between
systems — Local and metropolitan
area networks — Specific
requirements —
Part 15-4:
Wireless medium access control
(MAC) and physical layer (PHY)
specifications for low-rate wireless
personal area networks (WPANs)
Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange
d'information entre systèmes — Réseaux locaux et métropolitains
— Exigences spécifiques —
Partie 15-4: Spécifications du contrôle d'accès du milieu sans fil
(MAC) et de la couche physique (PHY) pour les réseaux personnels
sans fil de faible débit (WPAN)
Reference number
© IEEE 2020
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Published in Switzerland
© IEEE 2020 – All rights reserved
ii
IEEE Std 802.15.4™-2020
(Revision of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015)
IEEE Standard for Low-Rate
Wireless Networks
Developed by the
LAN/MAN Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
Approved on 6 May 2020
IEEE SA Standards Board
Abstract: The physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sublayer specifications for
low-data-rate wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices with no battery or very
limited battery consumption requirements are defined in this standard. In addition, the standard
provides modes that allow for precision ranging. PHYs are defined for devices operating in a variety
of geographic regions.
Keywords: ad hoc network, IEEE 802.15.4™, low data rate, low power, LR-WPAN, mobility, PAN,
personal area network, radio frequency, RF, short range, wireless, wireless network, wireless
personal area network, WPAN
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
All rights reserved. Published 23 July 2020. Printed in the United States of America.
IEEE and 802 are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Incorporated.
PDF: ISBN 978-1-5044-6689-9 STD24181
Print: ISBN 978-1-5044-6690-5 STDPD24181
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Participants
At the time this standard was sent to ballot, the IEEE P802.15 Working Group had the following voting
members:
Robert F. Heile, Chair
Rick Alfvin, Co-Vice Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Co-Vice Chair
James P. K. Gilb, Working Group Technical Editor
Patrick W. Kinney, Secretary
Gary Stuebing, 802.15.4md Task Group Chair
Don Sturek, 802.15.4md Task Group Vice Chair
Kunal P. Shah, 802.15.4md Technical Editor
Hendrik Ahlendorf Christopher Hett Michael McInnis
Koorosh Akhavan Jay Holcomb Apurva Mody
Bernd Baer Oliver Holland Ayman Naguib
David Barras Iwao Hosako Jaroslaw Niewczas
Tuncer Baykas Brima Ibrahim Paul Nikolich
Tetsushi Ikegami
Philip Beecher Philip Orlik
Friedbert Berens Yeong Min Jang Aditya Padaki
Lennert Bober Seongah Jeong Glenn Parsons
Monique Brown Seong-Soon Joo Charles Perkins
Volker Jungnickel
Chris Calvert Albert Petrick
Radhakrishna Canchi Paul Kettle Joe Polland
Jaesang Cha Shoichi Kitazawa Clinton Powell
Tero Kivinen
Matthew Chang Demir Rakanovic
Soo-Young Chang Daniel Knobloch Ivan Reede
Clint Chaplin Ryuji Kohno Joerg Robert
Sangsung Choi Fumihide Kojima Benjamin Rolfe
Ann Krieger
Boris Danev Ren Sakata
Luc Darmon Thomas Kuerner Ruben E. Salazar Cardozo
Hendricus De Ruijter Jack Lee Ioannis Sarris
Brandon Dewberry Mingyu Lee Peter Sauer
Frank Leong Nikola Serafimovski
Anthony Fagan
Matthew Gillmore Huan-Bang Li Tushar Shah
Tim Godfrey Zheda Li Stephen Shellhammer
Jianlin Guo Sang-Kyu Lim Karthik Srinivasagopalan
Joachim Hammerschmidt Thomas Lorbach Billy Verso
Shinsuke Hara Masood Maqbool Johannes Wechsler
Hiroshi Harada Vinayagam Mariappan Brian Weis
Alejandro Marquez
Timothy Harrington Peter Yee
Chris Hartman Shaun Yu
Major contributions in the revision process were received from the following individuals:
Harry Bims Tero Kivinen Kunal P. Shah
Clint Powell
Hendricus De Ruijter Gary Stuebing
Chris Hett R. K. Rannow Don Sturek
Roger Hislop George Robert Billy Verso
Klaus Hueske Benjamin Rolfe Lisa Ward
Shoichi Kitazawa Ruben E. Salazar Cardozo Hidetoshi Yokota
The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have
voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
Thomas Alexander Werner Hoelzl Benjamin Rolfe
David Barras Brima Ibrahim
Ruben E Salazar Cardozo
Philip E. Beecher Raj Jain
Shigenobu Sasaki
Harry Bims SangKwon Jeong
Naotaka Sato
Srinivas Kandala
Nancy Bravin
Peter Sauer
Vern Brethour S. G. Karthik
James Schuessler
Demetrio Bucaneg, Jr Stuart Kerry
Kunal Shah
William Byrd Yongbum Kim
Tushar Shah
Paul Cardinal Patrick Kinney
Robert Stacey
Juan Carreon Tero Kivinen
Dorothy Stanley
Jarkko Kneckt
Pin Chang
Thomas Starai
Clint Chaplin Daniel Knobloch
Gary Stuebing
Charles Cook Jan Kruys
Don Sturek
Boris Danev Yasushi Kudoh
Mark Sturza
Hendricus De Ruijter Hyeong Ho Lee
Bo Sun
Brandon Dewberry Mingyu Lee
Mark-Rene Uchida
Wookbong Lee
Igor Dotlic
Aditya V. Padaki
Edward Eckert Frank Leong
Dmitri Varsanofiev
Anthony Fagan Zheda Li
Billy Verso
Michael Fischer Yong Liu
George Vlantis
Avraham Freedman Thomas Lorbach
Lisa Ward
James Gilb Michael McLaughlin
Karl Weber
Matthew Gillmore Michael McInnis
Scott Willy
Robert Golshan Ayman Naguib
Andreas Wolf
Randall Groves Nick S.A. Nikjoo
Chi Xu
Rainer Hach Tetsu Nishimura
Shang-Te Yang
Joachim Hammerschmidt Bansi Patel
Kangjin Yoon
Timothy Harrington Dev Paul
Yu Yuan
Robert Heile Arumugam Paventhan
Jerome Henry Clinton Powell Oren Yuen
Marco Hernandez Maximilian Riegel Sven Zeisberg
Robert Robinson
When the IEEESA Standards Board approved this standard on 6 May 2020, it had the following
membership:
Gary Hoffman, Chair
Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair
Jean-Philippe Faure, Past Chair
Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary
Ted Burse David J. Law Mehmet Ulema
J. Travis Griffith Howard Li Lei Wang
Grace Gu Dong Liu Sha Wei
Guido R. Hiertz Kevin Lu Philip B. Winston
Joseph L. Koepfinger* Paul Nikolich Daidi Zhong
John D. Kulick Damir Novosel Jingyi Zhou
Dorothy Stanley
*Member Emeritus
Historical participants
Many individuals have participated in the IEEE P802.15 Working Group during various stages of the
standard’s development. Since the initial publication, many amendments have added functionality or
updated material in this standard, and now three revisions have been published. Here is a historical list of the
working group participants who dedicated their valuable time, energy, and knowledge to the advancement of
this standard at the time of its original publication and for its revisions. Many of these members also worked
on amendments.
The following members of the IEEE P802.15 Working Group participated in the development of the original
standard, IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003:
Robert F. Heile, Chair
James D. Allen, Vice Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Secretary
Michael D. McInnis, Assistant Secretary and Editor
Ian C. Gifford, Task Group 1 Chair
Stephen J. Shellhammer, Task Group 2 Chair
John R. Barr, Task Group 3 Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Task Group 4 Chair
Phil Jamieson, Task Group 4 Vice Chair
José A. Gutierrez, Task Group 4 Editor-in-Chief
Marco Naeve, Task Group 4 Secretary
Monique Bourgeois, MAC Technical Editor
Said Moridi, PHY Technical Editor
Phil Jamieson, Layer Management Technical Editor
Greg Breen, Low-Band PHY Technical Editing
Ed Callaway, Networking Technical Editing
Paul Gorday, High-Band PHY Technical Editing
Marco Naeve, General Description Technical Editing
David Cypher, PICs/SDLs Technical Editing
Robert D. Poor, Coexistence Technical Editing
Farron Dacus, Regulatory Technical Editing
Roberto Aiello Craig Conkling Jeyhan Karaoguz
Masaaki Akahane Anand Dabak Masami Katagiri
Richard Alfvin Kai Dombrowski Joy H. Kelly
Arun Arunachalam Mary DuVal Stuart J. Kerry
Naiel Askar Michael Dydyk Yongsuk Kim
Jason L. Ellis
Venkat I. Bahl Young Hwan Kim
Daniel Bailey Mark W. Fidler Günter Kleindl
Jay Bain Jeff R. Foerster Bruce P. Kraemer
James Baker David S. Furuno DoHoon Kwon
Jaiganesh Balakrishnan Pierre Gandolfo Jim Lansford
Anuj Batra Atul Garg David Leeper
Timothy Blaney James Gilb Liang Li
Kenneth Boehike Nada Golmie Yeong-Chang Maa
Stan Bottoms Yasuo Harada Steven March
Mark V. Bowles Allen Heberling Ralph Mason
Chuck Brabenac Barry Herold Jim Meyer
Robert Y. Huang
Soo-Young Chang Leonard E. Miller
Francois Po_Shin Chin Eran Igler Akira Miura
Aik Chindapol Katsumi Ishii Andreas Molisch
Antonio Mondragon Chandos Rypinski Teik-Kheong Tan
Tony Morelli John H. Santhoff Larry Taylor
Chiu Ngo Mark Schrader Stephen E. Taylor
Kei Obara Tom Schuster Hans vanLeeuwen
Knut Odman Erik Schylander Ritesh Vishwakarma
John B. Pardee Michael Seals Thierry Walrant
Nick Shepherd
Jongun Park Jing Wang
Dave Patton Gadi Shor Fijio Watanabe
Marcus Pendergrass William Shvodian Mathew Welborn
Gregg Rasor Thomas Siep Richard Wilson
Ivan Reede Kazimierz Siwiak Stephen Wood
Jim Richards Carl Stevenson Edward G. Woodrow
Glyn Roberts Rene Struik Hirohisa Yamaguchi
Shigeru Sugaya
Richard Roberts Amos Young
William Roberts Kazuhisa Takamura Song-Lin Young
Chris Rogers Katsumi Takaoka Nakache Yves-paul
Philippe Rouzet Jim Zyren
Major contributions were received from the following individuals:
Ed Hogervorst
Tony Adamson Niels Schutten
David Archer Stephen Korfhage Nick Shepherd
David Avery Charles Luebke Ari Singer
Venkat Bahl Masahiro Maeda Ralph D’Souza
Daniel Bailey Ian Marsden Carl Stevenson
Edul Batliwala Chris Marshall Mark Tilinghast
Pratik Bose Paul Marshall Hans Van Leeuwen
Boaz Carmeli Fred Martin Jacco van Muiswinkel
Farron Dacus Ralph Mason Luis Pereira
Martin Digon Rod Miller Richard Wilson
Ian C. Gifford Phil Rudland Wim Zwart
The following members of the IEEE P802.15 Working Group participated in the development of the first
revision, IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006:
Robert F. Heile, Chair
James D. Allen, Vice Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Assistant Vice Chair
James P. K. Gilb, Editor-in-Chief
Patrick W. Kinney, Secretary
Michael D. McInnis, Assistant Secretary and Editor
John R. Barr, Task Group 3b Chair
Reed Fisher, Task Group 3c Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Task Group 4a Chair
Myung Lee, Task Group 5 Chair
Robert D. Poor, Task Group 4b Chair
Marco Naeve, Task Group 4b Vice Chair
Monique B. Brown, Task Group 4b Editor-in-Chief
Eric T. Gnoske, Task Group 4b Secretary
Philip E. Beecher, MAC Contributing Editor
Monique B. Brown, MAC Technical Editor
Edgar H. Callaway, Jr., MAC Contributing Editor
Francois Chin, PHY Contributing Editor
Robert C. Cragie, MAC/Security Contributing Editor
Paul Gorday, PHY Contributing Editor
James P. K. Gilb, Draft D3 Editor-in-Chief
Øyvind Janbu, MAC/PHY/Security Contributing Editor
Marco Naeve, General Description/PICS Editor, MAC Contributing Editor
Clinton C. Powell, PHY Technical Editor
Joseph Reddy, Security Contributing Editor
Zachary Smith, MAC Contributing Editor
René Struik, Security Contributing Editor
Andreas C. Wolf, PHY Contributing Editor
Roberto Aiello Tian-Wei Huang Philip Orlik
Hideto Ikeda
Richard Alfvin Laurent Ouvry
Mikio Aoki Tetsushi Ikegami John Pardee
Takashi Arita Adrian Jennings Nirmalendu Patra
Ho-In Jeon
Larry Arnett Dave Patton
Tzyy Hong Jiang Xiaoming Peng
Arthur Astrin
Yasaman Bahreini David Julian Tony Pollock
Jay Bain Jeyhan Karaoguz Vidyasagar Premkumar
Michael Kelly
Alan Berkema Yihong Qi
Bruce Bosco Stuart Kerry Raad Raad
Mark Bowles Jae-Hyon Kim Pekka Ranta
Jaeyoung Kim
Charles Brabenac Dani Raphaeli
Jinkyeong Kim
David Brenner Gregg Rasor
Vern Brethour Yongsuk Kim Charles Razzell
Ronald Brown Kursat Kimyacioglu Ivan Reede
Matthias Kindler
Bill Carney Yuko Rikuta
Guenter Kleindl Terry Robar
Kuor-Hsin Chang
Jonathon Cheah Ryuji Kohno Glyn Roberts
Kwan-Wu Chin Mike Krell Richard Roberts
Yasushi Kudo
Sarm-Goo Cho Benjamin A. Rolfe
Sungsoo Choi Akiomi Kunisa Philippe Rouzet
Yun Choi Yuzo Kuramochi Chandos Rypinski
Jiun-You Lai
Chun-Ting Chou Ali Sadri
Ismail Lakkis
Manoj Choudhary Saeid Safavi
Celestino Corral John Lampe Zafer Sahinoglu
Joe Decuir Kyung Kuk Lee Tomoki Saito
Wooyong Lee
Javier Del Prado Pavon Syed Saleem
David Leeper Kamran Sayrafian
Kai Dombrowski
Stefan Drude Huan-Bang Li Jean Schwoerer
Amal Ekbal Haixiang Liang Erik Schylander
Ian Macnamara
Jason Ellis Alireza Seyedi
Shahriar Emami Akira Maeki Sanjeev Sharma
Paul Everest Patricia Martigne Siddharth Shetty
Abbie Mathew
Mark W. Fidler John Shi
Taisuke Matsumoto Shusaku Shimada
Kris Fleming
Amir Freund Gustaf Max Yuichi Shiraki
Camillo Gentile Michael McLaughlin Gadi Shor
Charlie Mellone
Ian Gifford William Shvodian
Klaus Meyer Thomas Siep
Sung-Wook Goh
Sorin Goldenberg Samuel Mo Michael Sim
Vivek Gupta Andreas Molisch Kazimierz Siwiak
Mark Moore
Rainer Hach V. Somayazulu
Robert Hall Ken Naganuma Amjad Soomro
Shinsuke Hara Yves-Paul Nakache Carl Stevenson
Hiroyuki Nakase
Jeff Harris Kazuaki Takahashi
Saishankar Nandagopalan Kenichi Takizawa
Allen Heberling
Eric Heinze Chiu Ngo Teik-Kheong Tan
Barry Herold Erwin Noble Mike Tanahashi
John O’Conor
Keisuke Higuchi Yasushi Tanaka
Jin-Meng Ho Knut Odman
James Taylor
Patrick Houghton Hiroyo Ogawa Arnaud Tonnerre
Robert Huang Yasuyuki Okuma Ichihiko Toyoda
Jerry Upton Gerald Wineinger Su-Khiong Yong
Bart Van Poucke Patrick Worfolk Zhan Yu
Chris Weber Tracy Wright Serdar Yurdakul
Matthew Welborn Hirohisa Yamaguchi Mahmoud Zadeh
Magnus Wiklund Kamya Yekeh Yazdandoost Bin Zhen
Major contributions in the revision process were received from the following individuals:
Jon Adams Colin Lanzl Huai-Rong Shao
Helmut P. Adamski Myung Lee Mark Shea
Jonathan Avey Zhongding Lei Stephen J. Shellhammer
Jon Beniston Liang Li Mark A. Tillinghast
Bernd Grohmann Yong Liu Johannes Van Leeuwen
José A. Gutierrez Frederick Martin Richard Wilson
Jesper Holm Frank Poegel Ping Xiong
ZhiJian Hu Matthias Scheide Bing Xu
Phil A. Jamieson D. C. Seward ChenYang Yang
Yuen-Sam Kwok Chunhui Zhu
The following members of the IEEE P802.15 Working Group participated in the development of the second
revision, IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011:
Robert F. Heile, Chair
Rick Alfvin, Co-Vice Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Co-Vice Chair
James P. K. Gilb, Working Group Technical Editor
Patrick W. Kinney, Secretary
James P. K. Gilb, Task Group 4i Chair and Technical Editor
Emad Afifi Ruben E. Salazar Cardozo John Farserotu
Gahng-Seop Ahn Douglas Castor Jeffrey Fischbeck
Roberto Aiello Jaesang Cha Mike Fischer
Arthur Astrin Russell Chandler George Flammer
Kuor-Hsin Chang
Taehan Bae Ryosuke Fujiwara
Michael Bahr Soo-Young Chang Noriyasu Fukatsu
John Barr Clint Chaplin Kiyoshi Fukui
Anuj Batra Hind Chebbo John Geiger
Chang-Soon Choi
Tuncer Baykas Gregory Gillooly
Philip E. Beecher Sangsung Choi Tim Godfrey
Ashutosh Bhatia Ciaran Connell Paul Gorday
Ghulam Bhatti David Cypher Elad Gottlib
Gary Birk Matthew Dahl Robert Hall
Mathew Boytim David Davenport Shinsuke Hara
Peter David Bradley Mark Dawkins Hiroshi Harada
Hendricus de Ruijter
Nancy Bravin Timothy Harrington
David Britz Upkar Dhaliwal Rodney Hemminger
Monique B. Brown Gang Ding Marco Hernandez
Sverre Brubk Paul Dixon Garth Hillman
Guido Dolmans Jin-Meng Ho
Brian Buchanan
John Buffington Igor Dotlic Wei Hong
Kiran Bynam Michael Dow Srinath Hosur
Dietmar Eggert
Brent Cain David Howard
Edgar H. Callaway David Evans Jung-Hwan Hwang
Chris Calvert Charles Farlow Taeho Hwang
Ichirou Ida Robert Moskowitz Steve Shearer
Tetsushi Ikegami Hamilton Moy Stephen Shellhammer
Akio Iso Peter Murray Shusaku Shimada
Theodore Myers
Yeong Min Jang Chang Sub Shin
Adrian Jennings Chiu Ngo Cheol Ho Shin
Wuncheol Jeong Paul Nikolich Michael Sim
Hirohito Nishiyama
Steven Jillings Jonathan Simon
Noh-Gyoung Kang David Olson Jaeseung Son
Tae-Gyu Kang Okundu Omeni Paul Stadnik
Shuzo Kato Ryoji Ono René Struik
Laurent Ouvry
Tatsuya Kato Chin-Sean Sum
Jeritt Kent James Pace Hui-Hsia Sung
Prithpal Khakuria Hyung-Il Park Gu Sungi
Jahng Park
Dae Ho Kim Kenichi Takizawa
Seung-Hoon Park Hirokazu Tanaka
Dong-Sun Kim
Dukhyun Kim Taejoon Park Larry Taylor
Jaehwan Kim Ranjeet Patro Mark Thompson
Al Petrick
Jeffrey King James Tomcik
Ryuji Kohno Dalibor Pokrajac Ichihiko Toyoda
Fumihide Kojima Daniel Popa David Tracey
Bruce Kraemer Stephen Pope Khanh Tran
Clinton C. Powell
Raymond Krasinski Jerry Upton
Masahiro Kuroda Richard Powell Jana van Greunen
John Lampe Chang-Woo Pyo Hartman van Wyk
Mohammad Rahman
Zhou Lan Michel Veillette
Sridhar Rajagopal
Khanh Le Billy Verso
Cheolhyo Lee Jayaram Ramasastry Bhupender Virk
Hyungsoo Lee Marc Reed Joachim Walewski
Ivan Reede
Myung Lee Junyi Wang
Daniel Lewis Richard Roberts Quan Wang
Huan-Bang Li Craig Rodine Xiang Wang
Liang Li June Chul Roh Andy Ward
Benjamin A. Rolfe
Sang-Kyu Lim Scott Weikel
Jeremy Link Seung-Moon Ryu Nicholas West
Mike Lynch Didier Sagan Mark Wilbur
Kentaro Sakamoto
Robert Mason Ludwig Winkel
Will San Filippo Eun Tae Won
Tomokuni Matsumura
Jeff McCullough H. Sanderford Alan Chi Wai Wong
Michael McGillan Kamran Sayrafian Tao Xing
Timothy Schmidl
Michael D. McInnis Wen-Bin Yang
Michael McLaughlin Michael Schmidt Yang Yang
Charles Millet Jean Schwoerer Kazuyuki Yasukawa
Siamak Mirnezami Cristina Seibert Kamya Yazdandoost
Neal Seidl
Rishi Mohindra Kaoru Yokoo
Emmanuel Monnerie Kunal Shah Mu Zhao
Rajendra Moorti Bin Zhen
Major contributions in the revision process were received from the following individuals:
Philip E. Beecher Clint Chaplin Clinton C. Powell
Vern Brethour James P. K. Gilb Benjamin A. Rolfe
Monique B. Brown Patrick W. Kinney Timothy Schmidl
Edgar H. Callaway Michael D. McInnis René Struik
Kuor-Hsin Chang Billy Verso
The following members of the IEEE P802.15 Working Group participated in the development of the second
revision, IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015:
Robert F. Heile, Chair
Rick Alfvin, Co-Vice Chair
Patrick W. Kinney, Co-Vice Chair
James P. K. Gilb, Working Group Technical Editor
Patrick W. Kinney, Secretary
Patrick W. Kinney, 802.15 Maintenance Committee Chair
Benjamin A. Rolfe, 802.15 Maintenance Committee Vice Chair
James P. K. Gilb, Technical Editor
Shinsuke Hara
Mounir Achir Robert Moskowitz
Keiji Akiyama Timothy Harrington Jinesh P. Nair
Arthur Astrin James Hartman Chiu Ngo
Philip Beecher Marco Hernandez Paul Nikolich
Ken Hiraga
Frederik Beer John Notor
Chandrashekhar P. S. Bhat Iwao Hosako Hiroyo Ogawa
Kiran Bynam Yeong Min Jang Taejoon Park
Edgar Callaway Seong-Soon Joo Glenn Parsons
Chris Calvert Akifumi Kasamatsu Charles Perkins
Radhakrishna Canchi Shuzo Kato Albert Petrick
Kapseok Chang Toyoyuki Kato Clinton C. Powell
Jeritt Kent
Soo-Young Chang Verotiana Rabarijaona
Clint Chaplin Jaehwan Kim Ivan Reede
Stephen Chasko Youngsoo Kim Richard Roberts
Paul Chilton Shoichi Kitazawa Ruben E. Salazar Car-
Tero Kivinen
Sangsung Choi dozo
Hendricus de Ruijter Ryuji Kohno Noriyuki Sato
Guido Dolmans Fumihide Kojima Norihiko Sekine
Igor Dotlic Thomas Kuerner Kunal Shah
Stefan Drude Byung-Jae Kwak Stephen Shellhammer
Dietmar Eggert Jae Seung Lee Shusaku Shimada
Shahriar Emami Myung Lee Gary Stuebing
Sangjae Lee
Andrew Estrada Don Sturek
David Evans Huan-Bang Li Mineo Takai
George Flammer Liang Li Kou Togashi
Kiyoshi Fukui Qing Li Billy Verso
Michael Lynch Gabriel Villardi
Matthew Gillmore
Tim Godfrey Itaru Maekawa Brian Weis
Elad Gottlib Hiroyuki Matsumura Makoto Yaita
Michael McLaughlin
Jussi Haapola Peter Yee
Rainer Hach Michael McInnis Yu Zeng
Kenichi Mori Chunhui (Allan) Zhu
Major contributions in the revision process were received from the following individuals:
Philip Beecher Jeritt Kent Benjamin A. Rolfe
Monique Brown Patrick W. Kinney Ruben E. Salazar Cardozo
Edgar Callaway Tero Kivinen Cristina Seibert
Soo-Young Chang Amarjeet Kumar Kunal Shal
James P. K. Gilb Michael McInnis Shusakh Shimada
Tim Godfrey Robert Moskowitz Chin-Sean Sum
Jussi Haapola Clinton C. Powell Larry Taylor
Timothy Harrington Verotiana Rabarijaona Billy Verso
Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2020, IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks.
This is the fourth revision of IEEE Std 802.15.4. From the beginning, the goal of the IEEE P802.15 Working
Group was to produce a standard that enabled very low-cost, low-power communications. The initial
standard, IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003, defined two optional physical layers (PHYs), operating in different
frequency bands with a simple and effective medium access control (MAC).
In 2006, the standard was revised and added two more PHY options. The MAC remained backward
compatible, but the revision added MAC frames with an increased version number and a variety of MAC
enhancements, including the following:
— Support for a shared time base with a data timestamping mechanism
— Support for beacon scheduling
— Synchronization of broadcast messages in beacon-enabled personal area networks (PANs)
— Improved MAC layer security
In 2011, the standard was revised to include the three amendments approved subsequent to the 2006
revision. This effort added four more PHY options along with the MAC capability to support ranging.
Additionally, the organization of the standard was changed so that each PHY would have a separate clause,
and the MAC clause was split into functional description, interface specification, and security specification.
The 2015 revision of the standard was created to roll in the amendments approved subsequent to the 2011
revision: six PHY amendments and one MAC amendment, with corrigenda and clarifications. The features
added by the amendments include the following:
— Enhanced frame formats maintaining backward compatibility
— Information Elements (IEs)
— Channel agility
— Extended superframe options
— Low-energy mechanisms
— An enhanced acknowledgment frame that can carry data and can be secured
— Prioritized channel access
— A variety of new PHY modulation, coding, and band options to support a wide variety of application
needs including radio frequency identification (RFID), smart utility networks (SUNs), television
white space (TVWS) operation, low-energy critical infrastructure monitoring (LECIM), and rail
communications and control (RCC)
Much of the corrigenda and clarifications were collected from requests from individuals after the revision in
2011. Major corrigenda items included changes to the security text to correct errors and clarify the text,
removal of the encrypt only mode, addition of security policy checks for the IEs, corrections regarding
personal area network identifier (PAN ID) compression behavior to eliminate ambiguous specification, and
changes to the IEs subclauses to include more information necessary for users of this standard.
The Project Authorization Request (PAR) for IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015 was first proposed in July 2013 and
was approved in October 2013 by IEEE’s New Standards Committee (NesCom). After three working group
ballots and two IEEE SA Committee ballots, the final standard was approved in December 2015, just over
two years from start to finish.
The current revision of the standard was revised to include six approved amendments subsequent to the 2015
revision. This effort added two more PHY amendments and one MAC amendment, with corrigenda and
clarifications. The features added by the amendments include the following:
— A variety of new PHY modulation, coding, and band options to support a wide variety of application
needs including smart utility networks (SUNs), china medical band (CMB), ternary amplitude shift
keying (TASK) and rate switch Gaussian frequency shift keying (RS-GFSK)
Much of the corrigenda and clarifications were collected from requests from individuals after the revision in
2015. Major corrigenda items included changes to the transmission order of the address field.
Contents
1. Overview. 33
1.1 Scope. 33
1.2 Purpose. 33
2. Normative references. 34
3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations. 35
3.1 Definitions . 35
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 36
4. Format conventions. 40
4.1 General. 40
4.2 Fields. 40
4.3 Numbers. 41
4.4 Strings . 41
4.5 Transmission order . 41
4.5.1 General. 41
4.5.2 Vendor OUI transmission order. 42
4.6 Reserved fields and values. 42
5. General description . 43
5.1 Introduction. 43
5.2 Special application spaces . 43
5.2.1 General. 43
5.2.2 Smart utility network (SUN). 43
5.2.3 Rail communications and control (RCC). 43
5.2.4 Television white space (TVWS). 44
5.2.5 Radio frequency identification (RFID). 44
5.2.6 Low-energy, critical infrastructure monitoring (LECIM) . 44
5.2.7 Medical body area network (MBAN) services . 44
5.2.8 China medical band (CMB). 44
5.3 Components of the IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN. 45
5.4 Multi-PHY management (MPM) of the SUN WPAN. 45
5.5 Network topologies. 45
5.5.1 General. 45
5.5.2 Star network formation . 46
5.5.3 Peer-to-peer network formation. 46
5.6 Architecture . 47
5.6.1 General. 47
5.6.2 PHY . 48
5.6.3 MAC sublayer. 49
5.7 Functional overview . 49
5.7.1 Superframe structure. 49
5.7.2 Data transfer model. 51
5.7.3 Frame structure .52
5.7.4 Information element (IEs). 52
5.7.5 Access methods. 52
5.7.6 Power consumption considerations . 53
5.7.7 Security . 54
5.7.8 Enabling spectrum resource measurement capability. 55
5.8 Concept of primitives. 56
6. MAC functional description . 57
6.1 Device types and conventions. 57
6.2 Channel access. 57
6.2.1 Superframe structure. 57
6.2.2 Incoming and outgoing superframe timing. 59
6.2.3 Enhanced Beacon frame timing for MPM procedure. 60
6.2.4 IFS.
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