ISO 14649-1:2003

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-1
First edition
2003-03-01
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 1:
Overview and fundamental principles
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande des
dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 1: Aperçu et principes fondamentaux

Reference number
©
ISO 2003
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1. 2
3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-11. 2
3.3 Terms defined in ISO 10303-21. 3
3.4 Terms defined in ISO 10303-224. 3
3.5 Terms defined in ISO 2806 . 3
3.6 New definitions in ISO 14649 . 3
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 4
5 Overview of ISO 14649. 4
5.1 Purpose. 4
5.2 The manufacturing cycle. 4
5.3 Program organization. 6
5.4 Project description. 6
5.5 Executables and the Workplan. 6
5.6 Workingstep and machining operation . 7
5.7 Geometric description. 8
5.8 Manufacturing feature description. 8
5.9 Implementation of the program data file . 8
Annex A (informative) Use and assignment of design features for machining geometry. 9
Annex B (informative) Application Activity Model (AAM). 12
Annex C (informative) Structure of ISO 14649 data model. 20
Annex D (informative) Relationship between ISO 14649 and ISO 10303 (STEP) . 21
Annex E (informative) Scenario. 24
Bibliography . 28

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14649-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:
NOTE Phase numbers below refer to the planned release phases of ISO 14649 which are described in Annex D.
— Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles (Phase 1)
— Part 10: General process data (Phase 1)
— Part 11: Process data for milling (Phase 1)
— Part 12: Process data for turning (Phase 2)
— Part 13: Process data for wire-EDM (Phase 2)
— Part 14: Process data for sink-EDM (Phase 2)
— Part 111: Tools for milling (Phase 1)
— Part 121: Tools for turning (Phase 2)
Gaps in the numbering were left to allow further additions. ISO 14649-10 is the ISO 10303 Application
Reference Model (ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added
after part 10.
This part of ISO 14649 has a strong relationship to ISO 10303 AP238, which is a one-to-one 100 % mapping
of ISO 14649, where ISO 14649 represents the ARM and AP238 the AIM. This relationship is referenced in
this document and in other parts of ISO 14649.
ISO 14649 is harmonized with ISO 10303 in the common field of Product Data over the whole life cycle.
Figure D.1 shows the different fields of standardization between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and CNC
manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment
from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred
between the various facilities and machines. Today's digital communications standards have solved the
problem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of
product data has been standardized by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data
throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realizing this principle are
the data formats used at the machine level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are
programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code” language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits
program portability for three reasons. First, the language focuses on programming the tool center path with
respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Second, the standard
defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors
usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines. It remedies the
shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine tool motion, using the
object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level machining features and
associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to axis motion and tool
operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO 10303.
ISO/TC 184/SC 1/WG 7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based
programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes”
manually or through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical
user interfaces. This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent.
Therefore, ISO 14649 does not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the
effectiveness of the standard.
ISO 14649 is harmonized with ISO 10303 in the common field of Product Data by the ISO 10303-238
Application Interpreted Model (AIM) over the whole life cycle.
This document, ISO 14649-1, “Overview and fundamental principles,” has five informative annexes. Annex A
shows the use and assignment of features from ISO 10303-224 in ISO 14649, Annex B is the Application
Activity Model that explains the environment and the activities of ISO 14649 in the manufacturing process.
Annex C shows an overview of the data model structure as an EXPRESS-G diagram. Annex D describes the
relationship of ISO 14649 to ISO 10303 (STEP). Annex E is a hypothetical scenario, intended to illustrate the
life cycle application of ISO 14649 to a manufacturing enterprise. It is a vision of the future of manufacturing
data transfer as intended by this International Standard.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-1:2003(E)

Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 1:
Overview and fundamental principles
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14649 provides an introduction and overview of a data model for Computerized Numerical
Controllers and explains its advantages and basic principle, based on the concepts of Product Data.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 841:2001, Industrial automation systems and integration — Numerical control of machines — Coordinate
system and motion nomenclature
ISO 2806:1994, Industrial automation systems — Numerical control of machines — Vocabulary
ISO 4342:1985, Numerical control of machines — NC processor input — Basic part program reference
language
ISO 4343:2000, Industrial automation systems — Numerical control of machines — NC processor output —
Post processor commands
ISO/TR 6132:1981, Numerical control of machines — Operational command and data format
ISO 6983-1:1982, Numerical control of machines — Program format and definition of address words — Part 1:
Data format for positioning, line motion and contouring control systems
ISO 10303-1:1994, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
ISO 10303-11:1994, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual
ISO 10303-21:2002, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 21: Implementation methods: Clear text encoding of the exchange structure
ISO 10303-22:1998, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 22: Implementation methods: Standard data access interface
ISO 10303-41:2000, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part
...