ISO 19079:2016

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19079
First edition
2016-10-01
Intelligent transport systems —
Communications access for land
mobiles (CALM) — 6LoWPAN
networking
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Accès aux communications des
services mobiles terrestres (CALM) — Gestion de réseau 6LoWPAN
Reference number
ISO 19079:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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ISO 19079:2016(E)

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© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ISO 19079:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 Requirements: ITS-Station 6LoWPAN Nodes . 4
5.1 Categories . 4
5.2 ITS-S nodes implementing 6LoWPAN . 5
5.2.1 Requirements for all ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes . 6
5.2.2 ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes deployed in roadside ITS sub-systems . 8
5.2.3 ITS-S 6LoWPAN LAN nodes deployed in vehicle ITS sub-systems . 9
5.3 The IoT management service entity .10
5.3.1 The 6LoWPAN forwarding module .10
5.3.2 Internal ITS-S 6LoWPAN interface module .11
5.3.3 External 6LoWPAN interface modules . .11
5.3.4 6LoWPAN/IPv6 Compression module.11
5.3.5 6LoWPAN/IPv6 security module .12
5.4 Modules implemented in ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes .14
5.4.1 ITS-S 6LoWPAN host modules .16
5.4.2 ITS-S 6LoWPAN ad-hoc router modules .16
5.4.3 ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router modules .16
5.4.4 ITS-S 6LoWPAN-IPv6 border router modules .16
5.5 The 6LoWPAN address configuration .17
5.5.1 General.17
5.5.2 Consideration on address configuration .17
5.5.3 Address configuration and Optimized Neighbor Discovery .17
5.5.4 Examples: Message Exchange .18
5.6 Optional features and functions .19
5.6.1 IPv6-IPv4 interoperability . .19
5.6.2 IPv6 priority.19
Annex A (normative) General usage for MAC-PHY interface: IEEE 802.15.4 Communication
and Management Interface Adaptation for IoT MSE .20
Annex B (normative) ASN.1 module .24
Bibliography .25
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ISO 19079:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
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ISO 19079:2016(E)

Introduction
The set of International Standards that collectively refer to CALM (Communications Access for Land
Mobile) focus on the specification of open interfaces regarding the functionality required by all relevant
layers and entities of a standard communication architecture for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
This communication is known as the ITS station reference architecture (ISO 21217).
These International Standards are designed to allow interoperable instantiations of ITS stations
(ITS-S), which are based on the concept of abstracting applications and services from the underlying
communication layers. This abstraction makes the ITS station architecture ideally suited to the
development and deployment of Cooperative ITS applications and services.
The set of ITS station International Standards include specifications for security in ITS communications,
ITS-S management, distributed ITS-S implementations, legacy communication media interfaces, legacy
application interfaces, and new communication interfaces specifically designed for ITS applications
such as those targeted to safety of both life and property.
The fundamental advantage of the ITS station with respect to traditional systems is the ability to
support vertical handovers between the various access technologies that can be included in an ITS
station. Handover mechanisms are defined within the ITS station reference architecture, the ITS station
medium service access points International Standard (ISO 21218) and the ITS station management
International Standard (ISO 24102).
The ITS station IPv6 networking International Standard (ISO 21210) determines the network protocols
to support reachability at a global IP address, continuous Internet connectivity, and the handover
policies between session performed by infrastructure mobile routers (MR) using the same media or
using different access technologies.
ITS station compliant internal networks (both in-vehicle and off-vehicle) are expected to interact with
each other to seamlessly exchange information. This should be true also for information retrieved from
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to be dispatched to any ITS station. As WSNs are largely based on low-
cost Component of The Shelf (COTS), IETF has promoted the standardization of a set of protocols at the
network and facility layers suited for constrained devices (in terms of capability of processing, storage
or communication) based on low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) technologies. An
important candidate at network layer in this sense is the IETF IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal
Area Networks (6LoWPAN), an adaptation layer for IPv6 that addresses device limitations by means of
header compression and protocol optimizations.
This document identifies network protocols that are needed to support global reachability at a global IP
address for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 access medium; in particular,
this document states how to use the set of 6LoWPAN protocols specified by IETF in the context of ITS.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19079:2016(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Communications access
for land mobiles (CALM) — 6LoWPAN networking
1 Scope
This document describes the networking protocol functionality related to 6LoWPAN networking
between two or more ITS stations communicating over the global Internet communication network.
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with IETF specifications found in “Request for Comments” (RFCs)
4944, 6282 and 2460 for 6LoWPAN and IPv6 protocols respective blocks used within this document.
This document does not define a new protocol, neither does it define new abstraction for exchange of
messages at the 6LoWPAN layer nor does it define new data structures. It, however, illustrates how
the IETF protocols are combined to allow seamless communication among both heterogeneous and
homogeneous ITS stations using 6LoWPAN. The 6LoWPAN family of protocols defined in this document
as the Internet of Things Management Service Entity (IoT MSE) is integrated within the ITS station
reference architecture as a new protocol block of the ITS station Networking and Transport layer. The
procedures defined to share information between the IoT MSE block of the ITS station networking
and transport protocols and other components of the ITS station architecture will be defined in the
ISO 24102 series. ISO 24102 series includes the specifications for ITS station management, which are
standardized to be compliant with the ITS station reference architecture and related standards.
In addition to the requirements described within this document, a number of notes and examples are
provided to illustrate the IoT MSE block and its configuration.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21210:2012, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — IPv6
Networking
ISO 21217:2014, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) —
Architecture
ISO 21218:2013, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) —
Access technology support
ISO 24102-3:2013, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) —
Management- Part 3: Service access points
ISO 24102-6, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — ITS
station management — Part 6: Path and flow management
ETSI/TS 102 760-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11), Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Test specifications for Intelligent
Transport Systems; Communications Access for Land Mobiles (CALM); Medium Service Access Points
(ISO 21218); Part 1: Implementation Conformance Statement (ICS) proforma
IETF RFC 2460 Internet Protocol Version 6
IETF RFC 4861 Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
IETF RFC 4301 Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol
IETF RFC 4302 IP Authentication Header
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IETF RFC 4303 IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
IETF RFC 4835 Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation Requirements for Encapsulating Security
Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH)
IETF RFC 3566 The AES-XCBC-MAC-96 Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec
IETF RFC 7228 Terminology for Constrained-Node Networks
IETF RFC 4919 IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, Assumptions,
Problem Statement, and Goals
IETF RFC 4944 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks
IETF RFC 6282 Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks
IETF RFC 6347 Datagram Transport Layer Security Version 1.2
IETF RFC 6775:2012 Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area
Networks (6LoWPANs)
IETF RFC 6550 IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)
IETF RFC 6568 Design and Application Spaces for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks
(6LoWPANs)
IETF RFC 6957 Duplicate Address Detection Proxy
IEEE 802.15.4-2006Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for
Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21210, ISO 21217, ISO 21218
and ISO 24102-3 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
3.1
IoT management service entity
IoT MSE
collection of modules required for a specific instantiation of 6LoWPAN
Note 1 to entry: The 6LoWPAN network comprises of a set of 6LoWPAN protocols, of which some are already
standardized (see IETF RFC 6282and IETF RFC 6775, etc.).
3.2
6LoWPAN address
address including the network prefix and the host address
Note 1 to entry: The network-prefix set-up determines if the device can be addressed globally whereas the host
address should be unique within the 6LoWPAN.
3.3
6LoWPAN prefix
prefix corresponding to a node’s address
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3.4
link-local address
6LoWPAN address corresponding to a “link-local 6LoWPAN unicast address” and being used to
communicate with devices in the same PAN
3.5
6LoWPAN global address
6LoWPAN address for communicating with devices globally
3.6
6LoWPAN node
device that implements 6LoWPAN
Note 1 to entry: See IETF RFC 4944, IETF RFC 6282 and IETF RFC 6775.
3.7
6LoWPAN host
ITS-S 6LoWPAN node comprising of ITS-S IoT MSE functionality other than those of a 6LoWPAN router
or 6LoWPAN gateway
3.8
6LoWPAN internal interface
interface of a 6LoWPAN node in an ITS station used to connect with other 6LoWPAN nodes
3.9
6LoWPAN external interface
6LoWPAN interface of an ITS-S 6LoWPAN router node in an ITS station used to connect to the Internet
or to other ITS-Stations
3.10
6LoWPAN ad-hoc router
device that implements 6LoWPAN and a layer-3 ad-hoc routing protocol internally to an ITS-S
Note 1 to entry: IETF RFC 4944, IETF RFC 6282, and IETF RFC 6775.
3.11
6LoWPAN access router
6LoWPAN AR
6LoWPAN router residing in an ITS-S at the edge of an Access Network and connected to one or more
access points
3.12
6LoWPAN-IPv6 border router
6LoWPAN-IPv6 BR
6LoWPAN router residing in an ITS-S at the edge of an Access Network and connected to the Internet
Note 1 to entry: This router could perform additional functions related to IPv6 networking as defined in
ISO 21210.
3.13
ITS-station unit
ITS-SU
physical instantiation of an ITS-S
Note 1 to entry: This could be a distributed instantiation in a 6LoWPAN/IPv6 Border router and 6LoWPAN Hosts.
An ITS-SU contains one or more ITS-SCUs, and hence one or more communication interfaces (CIs). See Annex A
for guidelines on CI.
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3.14
ITS-S communication unit
ITS-S CU
physical unit in an ITS-SU containing a part or all of the functionality of an ITS-S
Note 1 to entry: In case an ITS-SU consists of a single physical unit, the ITS-SU and the ITS-SCU are identical. In
case an ITS-SU consists of more than one ITS-SCU, then these ITS-SCUs are interconnected via the ITS station-
internal network of the ITS-SU.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbols and abbreviated terms specified in ISO 21210, ISO 21217, ISO 21218, ISO 24102-3,
IETF RFC 4944, IETF RFC 6282, IETF RFC 6775, IETF RFC 4301, IETF RFC 4302, IETF RFC 4303,
IETF RFC 6347 apply.
5 Requirements: ITS-Station 6LoWPAN Nodes
5.1 Categories
This subclause describes the relationship between the five categories of requirements.
— The first category (see 5.2) contains requirements applying to a specific instantiation of an ITS-S
6LoWPAN node and the requirements applying to different types of 6LoWPAN nodes in each ITS
sub-system.
— The second category (see 5.3) contains requirements that define the IoT MSE (6LoWPAN networking)
modules, which are specific to the “ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes”. The five different modules are detailed
under this category and they may be combined in different ways according to the functions of the
6LoWPAN nodes that is defined in 5.2.
— The third category (see 5.4) contains requirements defining which of the IoT MSE modules specified
in 5.3 are combined for each particular “ITS-S 6LoWPAN node” specified in 5.2 and it further
provides an example instantiation for an ITS-SU distributed in one or more ITS-SCUs.
— The fourth category (see 5.5) contains 6LoWPAN addressing requirements that are applicable to
“ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes” according to the functions listed in 5.2.
— The fifth category (see 5.6) contains optional features and functions. Their actual specification is
currently out of the scope of this document.
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ISO 19079:2016(E)

Figure 1 — Scope of IoT MSE (6LoWPAN Networking) within the ITS station reference
architecture
In Annex A, the general usage for MAC-PHY interface is provided.
5.2 ITS-S nodes implementing 6LoWPAN
Figure 1 illustrates the scope of IoT MSE within the ITS station reference at the Network and Transport
(NT) layer. A station implementing 6LoWPAN(in a PAN) is pictorially represented in Figure 2 together
with its (eventual) connectivity to ordinary Internet peers (in a LAN) making use of a special node (i.e.
an “Access Router”) equipped with at least two MAC interfaces.
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Figure 2 — 6LoWPAN subsystem
If the router device connects the PAN to the Internet, the device is called “Border Router”.
The 6LoWPAN-based ITS stations can notably take part in the “Road-side” and “Vehicular” subsystems
as pictorially shown in ISO 21217:2014, Figure 16. The other scenarios will not be discussed in this
document due to the reduced impact they provide on the C-ITS general architecture.
5.2.1 Requirements for all ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes
5.2.1.1 General
This subclause specifies the functional requirements of all ITS stations implementing 6LoWPAN
networking. A Personal Area Network in an ITS station implemented according to these specifications
is referred to as an “ITS-S 6LoWPAN”.
5.2.1.2 Specific Instantiation of 6LoWPAN nodes
Additional features may be required according to the role played by the ITS-S 6LoWPAN node, which
in this instance could be an ITS-S 6LoWPAN host, an ITS-S 6LoWPAN (ad-hoc) router as well as a multi-
MAC device such as ITS-S IPv6 mobile router, ITS-S IPv6 access router, ITS-S IPv6 border router (see
ISO 21210) regardless of the deployment scenarios such as the “Road-side” and “Vehicular” subsystems,
etc. as pictorially shown in Figure 3.
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ISO 19079:2016(E)

Figure 3 — Example of 6LoWPAN nodes in ITS deployment
ITS-S 6LoWPAN deployed in ITS stations shall be part of the global public Internet.
ITS-S 6LoWPAN shall all be 6LoWPAN islands of inter-connected networks over the public Internet by
using either the native IPv6, or tunnelled in IPv4 networks or a combination of both.
Transition mechanisms may be deployed to facilitate the communication between the 6LoWPAN
entities and the public Internet entities that are not yet able to communicate using the IPv6 protocol
International Standard.
The functions of an ITS subsystem may be distributed among various nodes on an ITS-S 6LoWPAN.
There shall be at least one ITS-S 6LoWPAN (ad-hoc) “Router” on the ITS-S 6LoWPAN to guarantee the
connectivity among nodes.
If the ITS-S functionality is spread over a set of nodes in a PAN and a LAN, the ITS-S 6LoWPAN router
shall have an ITS-S internal interface in order to forward messages coming or directed to any node in
the ITS-S IPv6 LAN (see Figure 2).
Any ITS-S 6LoWPAN shall have at least one external 6LoWPAN interface (implementing the “Border
Router” functionality) to guarantee the addressability and connectivity to the Internet.
5.2.1.3 Communications directed to other Internet peers
Being part of the global Internet, 6LoWPAN nodes deployed within ITS-S 6LoWPAN can communicate
with IPv6 third parties that are not located in the same ITS. It is necessary that the 6LoWPAN in ITS
stations are backward compatible with all legacy IPv6 nodes connected to the ITS station either in the
“ITS-S 6LoWPAN” or anywhere in the Internet.
5.2.1.4 ITS-S 6LoWPAN host instantiation
An ITS-S 6LoWPAN host deployed in an ITS-S 6LoWPAN shall implement the modules of an ITS-S
6LoWPAN host as indicated in 5.4.1.
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5.2.1.5 ITS-S 6LoWPAN ad-hoc router instantiation
An ITS-S 6LoWPAN ad-hoc router deployed in an ITS-S 6LoWPAN shall implement the modules of an
ITS-S 6LoWPAN ad-hoc router in accordance with 5.4.2. If desired in a particular implementation, the
functions of the ITS-S 6LoWPAN host can be performed by an ITS-S 6LoWPAN ad-hoc router.
5.2.1.6 ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router instantiation
An ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router deployed in an ITS-S 6LoWPAN shall implement the modules of an
ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router in accordance with 5.4.3. If desired in a particular implementation, the
functions of the ITS-S 6LoWPAN ad-hoc router can be performed by an ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router.
5.2.1.7 ITS-S 6LoWPAN border router instantiation
An ITS-S 6LoWPAN border router deployed in an ITS-S 6LoWPAN and connected to the Internet shall
implement the modules of an ITS-S 6LoWPAN border router in accordance with 5.4.4. If desired in a
particular implementation, the functions of the ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router can be performed by an
ITS-S 6LoWPAN border router.
5.2.1.8 ITS-S 6LoWPAN gateway instantiation
An ITS-S gateway acting as a firewall isolating non-6LoWPAN devices from other devices that are
reachable over 6LoWPAN can be implemented as an ITS-S 6LoWPAN host (in accordance with 5.4.1) or
as an ITS-S 6LoWPAN router (in accordance with 5.4.2, 5.4.3 or 5.4.4).
5.2.1.9 Consideration on central and personal ITS-Station subsystems
As discussed in 5.2, while the provisions for the ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes deployed in both central
and personal ITS subsystems are not specified in this document, nothing prevents the adaptation of
6LoWPAN networking to these subsystems.
Figure 4 — Extended road-side sub-systems (ISO 21210 and ISO 21217) including 6LoWPAN
5.2.2 ITS-S 6LoWPAN nodes deployed in roadside ITS sub-systems
In addition to 5.2.1, which applies to all ITS sub-systems the provisions in 5.2.2 apply to roadside ITS
sub-systems. Figure 4 illustrates the extension of the roadside subsystem in consideration to ITS-S
6LoWPAN nodes.
A roadside ITS station may contain one or more 6LoWPAN networks.
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The “ITS-S 6LoWPAN border router” will provide access to the Internet in accordance with 5.4.4. See
example instantiation in ITS-SU in 5.4.
An “ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router” implemented following the provisions in 5.4.3, will eventually
provide access to the roadside IPv6 LAN and the vehicular ITS sub-systems if it is also implementing
the ITS-S IPv6 Access Router (ISO 21210) functions in that specific instantiation.
Figure 5 — Extended Vehicular ITS sub-system including 6LoWPAN
5.2.3 ITS-S 6LoWPAN LAN nodes deployed in vehicle ITS sub-systems
In addition to 5.2.1 which applies to all ITS sub-systems, the provisions of 5.2.3 apply to vehicle ITS
sub-systems. Figure 5 illustrates the extension of the vehicular subsystem in consideration to ITS-S
6LoWPAN nodes.
A vehicular ITS station may contain one or more 6LoWPAN networks.
The “ITS-S 6LoWPAN border router” will provide access to the Internet in accordance with 5.4.4. See
example instantiation in ITS-SU in 5.4.
An “ITS-S 6LoWPAN access router” implemented following the provisions in 5.4.4, will eventually
provide access to the roadside IPv6 LAN if it is also implementing the ITS-S IPv6 Access Router
(ISO 21210) functions in that specific instantiation.
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Figure 6 — IoT MSE functional modules
5.3 The IoT management service entity
5.3.1 The 6LoWPAN forwarding module
6LoWPAN Packet forwarding at the ITS Network and Transport layer permits to transmit data packets
generated at higher layers in the ITS-S to other nodes in the PAN, IPv6 connected LAN(s) or the Internet.
The forwarding module is also required to receive incoming data packets from the internal/external
interfaces and forward them to the next destination, either to the higher layers of the node itself or
other nodes in the network.
The 6LoWPAN forwarding module consists of some adopted IP features (Stateless Address Auto-
Configuration, Neighbor Discovery) needed to acquire IP parameters such as 6LoWPAN address and IP
next hop determination. The packets can be forwarded either to
— the NF-SAP as defined in ISO 24102-3 if the 6LoWPAN add
...