ISO 17536-1:2015

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17536-1
ISO/TC 22/SC 5 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2014-08-13 2014-11-13
Road vehicles — Aerosol separator performance test for
internal combustion engines —
Part 1:
General
Véhicules routiers — Essai de performance du séparateur d’aérosols pour les moteurs à combustion
interne —
Partie 1: Généralités
ICS: 43.060.20
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 17536-1:2014(E)
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NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2014

ISO/DIS 17536-1:2014(E)
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 17536-1
Contents          Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 1
2.1 Terms and definitions . 1
2.2 Symbols and units . 4
3 Measurement equipment accuracy . 4
4 Absolute filter, wall flow trap and leakage . 5
4.1 Absolute filter . 5
4.2 Wall flow trap . 5
4.3 Leakage . 6
5 Principles for aerosol separator performance tests . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Test equipment . 7
5.3 Determination of gravimetric separation efficiency . 8
Annex A (normative) Explanation of differential pressure and pressure loss of an aerosol
separator . 10
Annex B (normative) Test equipment . 11
Annex C (informative) Aerodynamic diameter . 13
Annex D (informative) Isokinetic sampling probes and information . 15
Annex E (informative) Life reference . 18
Annex F (normative) Validation of the absolute filter media . 19
Annex G (normative) Leakage . 20
Annex H (informative) Determination of maximum efficiency aerosol concentration . 21
Annex I (informative) Test Equipment 2 . 22

ISO/DIS 17536-1
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17536-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road Vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Aerosol
Separator performance for internal combustion engines.
ISO 17536 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road Vehicles — Aerosol separator
performance test for internal combustion engines:
 Part 1: General
 Part 2: Laboratory gravimetric test method［To be published］
 Part 3: Method to perform engine gravimetric test ［To be published］
 Part 4: Laboratory fractional test method ［To be published］
 Part 5: Method to perform engine fractional test［To be published, Technical Specification］
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 17536-1
Introduction
Engine crankcase blow-by is composed of combustion exhaust gases which have escaped to the crankcase
via piston ring seals and lube oil aerosols generated by thermal and mechanical action within the engine.
These gases must be vented from the crankcase to prevent a build-up of high pressure. The constituents of
vented engine blow-by gases are recognized as an undesirable contaminant and technology for their
containment is therefore evolving.
The device used to separate oil aerosols from the blow-by typically releases cleaned gases to atmosphere or
alternatively returns the cleaned product to the combustion process by feeding into the air inlet prior to the
turbo compressor. The latter has lead to the requirement for a pressure control device to isolate the engine
from turbo inlet suction.
The engine test methods presented in ISO 17536 are general guidelines for performing an engine test.
Annexes A ~ I of this part of ISO 17536 specify general and common provisions for aerosol separator
performance test.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 17536-1

Road Vehicles — Aerosol separator performance test for
internal combustion engines — Part 1: General
1 Scope
This part of ISO 17536 specifies general conditions, defines terms and establishes the basic principles for
blow-by oil aerosol separator performance tests by laboratory or engine and gravimetric or fractional test
method.
Conformance of a device to legislation is outside of the scope of this standard and the appropriate regulations
must be consulted.
2 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
For the purposes of all parts of ISO 17536, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1 Terms and definitions
2.1.1
blowby
aerosol produced from engines and released through a crankcase vent
2.1.2
oil carryover
total amount of liquid oil captured in the downstream wall flow trap
2.1.3
filter element
replaceable part of the crankcase system, consisting of the filter material and carrying frame
2.1.4
crankcase ventilation system
device which separates oil and particles from the engine blowby before venting to either the engine (CCV) or
the environment (OCV)
2.1.5
differential pressure
difference in static pressure measured immediately upstream and downstream of the unit under test
2.1.6
pressure loss
measure of the loss of aerodynamic energy caused by an aerosol separator at the observed air flow rate due
to different flow velocities at the measuring point.
NOTE 1 It is expressed as the differential pressure corrected for any difference in the dynamic head at the measuring
points
NOTE 2 For further information, See Annex A.

ISO/DIS 17536-1
2.1.7
wall flow trap
device to capture oil that is flowing along the walls
NOTE  The wall flow trap design is drawn in Figure I.2.
2.1.8
absolute filter
filter downstream of the unit under test to retain the contaminant passed by the unit under test

2.1.9
piezometer tube
duct that has a hole or holes drilled in the wall to obtain a pressure reading
NOTE For further information, see Annex B, Figure B.2.
2.1.10
separator efficiency
ability of the aerosol separator or the unit under test to remove contaminant under specified test conditions
2.1.11
optical (equivalent) diameter
Do,i
diameter of a particle of the type used to calibrate an optical sizing instrument that scatters the same amount
of light as the particle being measured
NOTE Optical diameter depends on the instrument, the type of particle used to calibrate the instrument (usually
polystyrene latex spheres), and the optical properties of the particle being measured.
2.1.12
aerodynamic (equivalent) diameter
Dae
diameter of a sphere of density 1 g/cm with the same terminal velocity due to gravitational force in calm air,
as the particle being measured
NOTE 1   Annex C provides additional information about aerodynamic diameter.
NOTE 2 Aerodynamic diameter depends on the instrument, the type of particle used to calibrate the instrument (usually
polystyrene latex spheres), and the properties of the particle being measured.
2.1.13
pressure regulator
device between the outlet of the aerosol separator and air intake to regulate the crankcase pressure in high
vacuum conditions
2.1.14
mass oil flow
mass amount of oil per unit time
2.1.15
relief valve
device to direct a portion of the flow around a separation device due to a pressure difference, usually venting
to the atmosphere
2.1.16
bypass valve
device to direct a portion of the flow around a separation device due to pressure difference, usually venting
downstream of the bypassed separation device

2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 17536-1
2.1.17
challenge aerosol
output from the aerosol generator or engine which corresponds to the distribution in testing and with the
amount of the mass feed rate.
NOTE The aerosol distribution by mass is prescribed in ISO 17536-2.
2.1.18
particle size
polystyrene latex (PSL) equivalent size expressed as a diameter in micrometers
2.1.19
isokinetic sampling
sampling in which the flow in the sampler inlet is moving at the same velocity and direction as the flow being
sampled.
NOTE    Annex D provides additional information about isokinetic sampling.
2.1.20
particle counter
instrument for sizing and/or counting aerosol particles
NOTE 1 Recommended particle counters are optical particle counters (OPC/OAS as per ISO 21501-1) or other counters
demonstrating good correlation in measuring particle sizes such as aerodynamic particle counters (APC).
2.1.21
coefficient of variation
COV
standard deviation of a group of measurements divided by the mean
2.1.22
unit under test
UUT
either a single aerosol separator element or a complete crankcase ventilation system
2.1.23
open crankcase ventilation
OCV
aerosol separator system that is attached to the crankcase and is vented to the environment
2.1.24
closed crankcase ventilation
CCV
aerosol separator system that is attached between the crankcase and the engine
2.1.25
aerosol separator
device that separates oil from the blowby stream or test stand airstream
2.1.26
high efficiency particular air filter
HEPA filter
filter having 99,95 % efficiency at most penetrating particle size (class H13 in accordance with EN 1822), or
99,97 % (or higher) fractional efficiency at 0,3μm using DOP aerosol as defined by IEST RP-CC001
recommended practice
ISO/DIS 17536-1
2.1.27
inertial separator
device that separates oil from the blowby stream using inertia
2.1.28
combination separator
device that separates oil from the blowby stream using inertia as well as a filter element
2.1.29
rated air flow
flow rate specified by the user or manufacturer
NOTE    The rated air flow is usually used as the test air flow.
2.1.30
test air flow
measure of the quantity of air pushed or drawn through the aerosol separator per unit time
2.1.31
aerosol generator
laboratory equipment that can produce a simulated blowby particle distribution from oil and compressed air
NOTE The aerosol distribution by mass will be prescribed in ISO 17536-2.
2.1.32
drainage vessel
device that captures the separated oil from the crankcase separation system, not to include oil carryover
NOTE     Filter life is not used in all parts of ISO 17536. Life reference is given in Annex E.
2.1.33
mass feed rate
mass amount of challenge aerosol or liquid subjected to the unit under test per unit time
NOTE     Filter life is not used in all parts of ISO 17536. Life reference is given in Annex E.
2.2  Symbols and units
Table 1—Symbols and units
Quantity Symbol Unit
q
Volume flow rate V l/min
v
Velocity m/s
ρ
Density kg/m
q
Mass flow rate m g/hr
p
Pressure Pa
Δp
Differential pressure d Pa
Δp
Pressure loss l Pa
m
Mass g
t
Time s
N
Speed rev/min
T
Torque N-m
3 Measurement equipment accuracy
Air flow rate to within ± 5 % of reading.

4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 17536-1
Differential pressure to within ± 25 Pa of reading.
Temperature to within ± 1.5° C of reading.
Mass to within 0,1 g except for absolute filter mass and downstream wall flow trap.
Mass to within 0,01 g for absolute filter mass and downstream wall flow trap.
Relative humidity (RH) with an accuracy of ± 2% RH.
Barometric pressure to within ± 3 hPa.
Crankcase pressure to within ± 25 Pa of reading
RPM to within ± 50 r/min.
Torque within ± 100 N-m.
Leak rate shall be < 1% of the air flow rate.
The measurement equipment shall be calibrated at regular intervals to ensure the required accuracy.
4 Absolute filter, wall flow trap and leakage
4.1 Absolute filter
4.1.1 Absolute filter material

Separation efficiency of the absolute filter shall be equal to or greater than 97 % for the challenge aerosol
based on the calculation in Annex F. The absolute filter shall be stable up to temperatures equal or greater
than 105°C, and resistant to oil, all kind of fuels, water, and other components of blowby.
The validation of absolute filter media efficiency is given in Annex F.
NOTE  The use of an absolute filter with a backing will minimize fibre loss.
4.1.2 Absolute filter mass measurement method
The absolute filter shall be weighed, at least to the nearest 0,01 g, after the mass has stabilized. Stabilization may
be achieved by storage in a ventilated oven at a constant temperature of 65,5 °C ± 1,5 °C. The absolute filter
shall be weighed inside the oven. Alternatively, place absolute filter in an ambient temperature and humidity controlled
enclosure. Repeat this procedure until the mass has stabilized.
The absolute filter shall be weighed in the same environment as at the beginning of the test. Heated weighing
should be in an enclosed heated chamber.
NOTE  See Annex F for the validation process and 4.1.3 for process control.
4.1.3 Absolute media measurement process validation
Using the method of choice, the absolute pad weight shall have no more than ± 0,03 grams variation over
three days.
4.2  Wall flow trap
NOTE  An example of the wall flow trap design is given in Figure I.2.

ISO/DIS 17536-1
4.2.1 Weight measurement
The wall flow trap shall be weighed, to the nearest 0,01 g, after the mass has stabilized.
The wall flow trap should be weighed in the same environment as at the beginning of the test. Heated
weighing should be in an enclosed heated chamber.
4.2.2 Validation of wall flow trap liquid oil efficiency
Arrange two wall flow traps in series. Challenge the wall flow trap with a high mass flow rate to determine
gravimetric efficiency according to the test procedure given in the corresponding sections in each concerned
part of ISO 17536. Wall flow trap efficiency from the validation setup shall be equal to or greater than 97,0 %
for the challenge aerosol with a minimum of 1.0 gram gained in the upstream wall flow trap.
Challenge the wall flow trap with a high mass flow rate to determine gravimetric efficiency test
The wall flow trap efficiency, E shall be calculated as follows:
t
m
C
E  100       (1)
t
m m
C D
where
E is the wall flow trap efficiency system in series;
t
m is the mass increase of upstream wall flow trap;
C
m is the mass increase of downstream wall flow trap.
D
4.2.3 Validation of wall flow trap aerosol efficiency
Conduct a test similar to the method explained in Annex F, to obtain an aerosol efficiency value using the
specified challenge aerosol. The test setup shall consist of an oil mist generator, wall flow trap, and an
absolute filter to measure the aerosol. The absolute filter shall meet the requirements in 4.1.1. A minimum of
3 grams shall be subjected to the wall flow trap during this efficiency test. The wall flow trap shall meet an
efficiency of less than 1%.
4.3 Leakage
It is important to minimize leakage into the test system to obtain good data. Depending on where the leakage
occurs, it can cause major errors in particle counting.
As a minimum all connections and joints should be checked for visual leakage using soap bubbles or smoke.
Any known soap solution can be used for the test. Preferably, the soap solution [foam] will be applied using a
brush at all connections and joints. Leaks are especially important on the clean side of the oil separator.
Leakage shall be evaluated according to Annex G.

6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 17536-1
5 Principles for aerosol separator performance tests
5.1 General
Performance tests shall be performed on a complete aerosol separator assembly. The tests may consist of
1)
one or more of the following: laboratory gravimetric test (see ISO 17536-2 ), an engine gravimetric test (see
2)
ISO/TS 17536-3), a laboratory fractional test method (see ISO 17536-4 ) and an engine fractional method

3)
(see ISO/TS 17536-5 ).
5.2 Test equipment
5.2.1 Grounding
Grounding is required for all test apparatus to reduce the effects of static charges and to improve the
consistency of the test results. Grounding of metallic and non-metallic surfaces, housings, transport tubes,
injectors and associated hardware is recommended.
5.2.2 Upstream sample probe
Sampling probe shall be isokinetic (average local velocity of duct and probe to be equal) to within +0% and -
10%. The same probe design should be used before the oil separator. Sampling probe shall be located on the
centreline of the test duct. Sample probes shall be located at least 7 diameters downstream of any bends,
reducers, expanders etc. The sampling probe shall be at least 4 diameters upstream of any bends, reducers,
expanders etc. The sampler will also be located in the centre of duct. The probes shall be made of electrically
conductive metallic tubing with a smooth inside surface. The design of the probe and sampling line will reduce
particle losses. The inlet of the sampling probe shall be sharp edged and shall be located near the centre of
the duct. The tube shall be straight, (or no more than one bend) and as short as possible. Refer to Annex D
for details on isokinetic sampling. A short flexible connection to the particle counter may be used to allow
some flexibility and reduce stress on the counter inlet. PTFE may not be used as flexible tubing. Use
conductive tubing [e.g. plasticized PVC] instead.
Sampling probe ducting to the particle counter must be set up in a way that no sedimentation of large particles
takes place while paying attention to the following.
- vertical orientation of the tubing;
- sufficient flow velocity;
- short connection length between particle counter and sampling probe;
- avoidance of bends in the tubing;
- no sharp angles if bends are necessary.
5.2.3 Upstream particle counter
The airborne particle counter shall be capable of counting particles in the 0,3 to 5 µm optical size range and
0,5 to 10,0 µm aerodynamic size range. It is also desirable for the Particle Counter to have a design
incorporating clean sheath air to protect the optics and keep the optics clean. The Particle Counters may also
need to be adapted with an exhaust port that can be routed back to the test system vacuum. Without this
exhaust set up the Particle Counter may not be able to perform at the rated flow. Counters must be calibrated

1) To be published
2) To be published
3) To be published
ISO/DIS 17536-1
using accredited lot traceable PSL (polystyrene latex) spheres (Reference ISO 2150
...