ISO 10788:2014

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10788
First edition
2014-05-15
Space systems — Lunar simulants
Systèmes spatiaux — Simulation de la poussiére lunaire
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
2.1 Terms and definitions . 1
2.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
©
3 Characteristics of lunar regolith previously defined in the Lunar Sourcebook .2
3.1 Minerologies . . 2
3.2 Physical and chemical properties . 3
4 Quantitative measurement properties of lunar simulants . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Comparative baseline . 4
4.3 Impurities and contamination . 4
4.4 Validation of figures of merit . 4
4.5 Composition figure of merit . 5
4.6 Size distribution figure of merit . 7
4.7 Shape figure of merit . 8
4.8 Density figure of merit . 8
Bibliography .10
Foreword
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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard provides lunar systems developers and operators with a specific quantitative
measure for lunar regolith simulants in comparison to other simulants and with relation to sampled
lunar materials from Apollo and Lunakhod missions. Developers of lunar systems will use simulants as
test materials. This International Standard is a reference for quantitative measures of lunar simulants
finer than 10 cm. It describes four properties (composition, size, shape, and density) which are the
minimum number of properties needed for such uses as comparative testing involving simulants or civil
engineering. The quantitative measures of lunar dust simulants are based on the quantitative measures
of lunar regolith samples collected at multiple lunar landing sites of the Apollo missions.
This International Standard provides communication of the geological quality of the simulant between
developing organizations and systems operations organizations.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10788:2014(E)
Space systems — Lunar simulants
1 Scope
This International Standard is a reference for quantitative measures of lunar simulants.
2 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms
2.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1.1
agglutinate
vesiculated glass bonded particle containing other particles (lithic fragments), of which the bonding
glass contains spherical particles of iron
Note 1 to entry: The lunar spherules are typically 3 – 100 nanometers in diameter and formed contemporaneous
with the glass.
Note 2 to entry: Six features characterize lunar agglutinates: size, surface area with relation to volume,
composition, nanophase iron content, flow banding, and multiple generations.
2.1.2
angularity
an expression of roundness
EXAMPLE A poorly rounded grain is described as angular.
Note 1 to entry: This definition has been taken from the Glossary of Geology (see Reference [5]).
2.1.3
aspect ratio
ratio of the maximum Feret diameter divided into the orthogonal Feret diameter
Note 1 to entry: Values range from > 0 to 1 and equal to 1 for a circle.
2.1.4
Feret diameter
distance between two parallel lines which are tangent to the perimeter of a particle
Note 1 to entry: The maximum Feret diameter is defined as the greatest distance between two parallel lines
which are still tangent to the perimeter of the particle.
2.1.5
figure of merit
degree to which a sample matches a reference
Note 1 to entry: Scaling (normalization) forces the norm of the difference of two composition vectors to lie between
0 and 1, and subtraction from unity results in a figure of merit of 1 for a perfect match and 0 for not match at all.
2.1.6
Heywood circularity factor
expression of the complexity of a particle’s perimeter
Note 1 to entry: Formally, the Heywood circularity factor is equal to 1 divided by particle perimeter divided by
the circumference of a circle with the same area as the particle. This is numerically equal to the “circularity”
defined by Waddell (1933). It is expressed in this manner to make it apparent that the Heywood factor is the
inverse of a common definition of “circularity”, another common measure.
Note 2 to entry: Values range from > 0 to 1 and equal 1 for a circle.
2.1.7
lithic fragments
physically discrete solids of any rock type whose normative composition is within the range of the target
terrain
Note 1 to entry: Lithic fragments have texture and mineralogy. Texture is a more important feature than
mineralogy for lithic fragments. Texture describes the grain to grain connectivity boundary. Lunar textures
cannot be replicated on Earth.
2.1.8
lunar terrains
mare and highlands
2.1.9
regolith
all particulate surface material including rocks, soils, and dust
Note 1 to entry: As stated in the Introduction, this International Standard is limited in scope to regolith 10 cm and
smaller. Rocks, soils, and dust are not differentiated on the basis of size.
2.1.10
re-use
after a simulant volume is used (any sequence of events in which a simulant volume is removed from a
storage container) then placed back into storage, any future use constitutes re-use
2.1.11
sphericity
degree to which the shape of a particle approaches a sphere
2.2 Abbreviated terms
th
c concentration or portion of a sample for the x item in the sample
x
FoM Figure of Merit
RFD Relative Frequency Distribution
w weighting factor. w is a value between one and zero. i is an index which refers to the charac-
i
teristic being weighted, such as glass (a grain type)
©
3 Characteristics of lunar regolith previously defined in the Lunar Sour
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