ISO 9044:2016

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9044
Third edition
2016-07-01
Industrial woven wire cloth —
Technical requirements and tests
Tissus métalliques industriels — Exigences techniques et vérifications
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 4
4.1 Aperture width and wire diameter combination . 4
4.2 Maximum permissible errors on aperture width . 4
4.3 Permissible number of major blemishes . 7
4.4 Maximum permissible error on overall size . 7
4.5 Flatness . 8
4.6 Surface conditions . 8
4.7 Weaving wire . 8
4.7.1 Material . 8
4.7.2 Maximum permissible error on wire diameter . 8
5 Test methods . 8
5.1 Wire diameter, d (see 4.7.2) . 8
5.2 Aperture width, w .9
5.2.1 Average aperture width maximum permissible error, Y (see 4.2.1) . 9
i
5.2.2 Maximum permissible error of aperture width, X (see 4.2.3) .10
i
5.3 Material composition .10
5.4 Overall size (see 4.4) .10
5.5 Weaving blemishes .11
6 Inspection documents .11
6.1 Certificate of compliance with the order .11
6.2 Test report .11
6.3 Inspection certificate .11
6.4 Chemical analysis .11
6.5 Other tests .11
7 Ordering information .11
7.1 Essential information .11
7.2 Additional information .11
8 Delivery .12
8.1 Rolls .12
8.2 Packing .12
8.3 Labelling .12
Annex A (informative) Major blemishes .13
Annex B (informative) Calculation of mean value and standard deviation .14
Annex C (informative) Calculation of sub values for standard deviation s in Table 1 .16
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
ISO 9044 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 24, Particle characterization including sieving,
Subcommittee SC 8, Test sieves, sieving and industrial screens.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9044:1999), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9044:2016(E)
Industrial woven wire cloth — Technical requirements
and tests
1 Scope
This International Standard defines terms regarding industrial woven wire cloth for screening
purposes and specifies maximum permissible error, requirements, and test methods.
It applies to industrial woven wire cloth with square apertures, made of steel, stainless steel, or non-
ferrous metals (see ISO 4783-2). It does not apply to woven wire cloth coated after weaving nor does it
apply to pre-crimped and welded wire screens which are covered in ISO 4783-3 and ISO 14315.
It is of limited application to woven wire cloth used for purposes other than screening which may
necessitate other requirements. The alternative requirements may be agreed between the purchaser
and the supplier at the time of placing the order.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2194, Industrial screens — Woven wire cloth, perforated plate and electroformed sheet — Designation
and nominal sizes of openings
ISO 4782, Metal wire for industrial wire screens and woven wire cloth
ISO 4783-1, Industrial wire screens and woven wire cloth — Guide to the choice of aperture size and wire
diameter combinations — Part 1: Generalities
ISO 4783-2:1989, Industrial wire screens and woven wire cloth — Guide to the choice of aperture size and
wire diameter combinations — Part 2: Preferred combinations for woven wire cloth
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
aperture width
w
distance between two adjacent warp or weft wires, measured in the projected plane at the mid-
positions
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Aperture width, wire diameter, and pitch
3.2
wire diameter
d
diameter of the wire in the wire screen
Note 1 to entry: The wire diameter may be altered slightly during the weaving process. See Figure 1.
3.3
pitch
p
distance between the mid-points of two adjacent wires
Note 1 to entry: The pitch is the sum of the aperture width, w, and the wire diameter, d. See Figure 1.
3.4
warp
all wires running lengthwise in the cloth as woven
3.5
weft
all wires running crosswise in the cloth as woven
3.6
number of apertures per unit length
n
number of measurements taken
3.7
open screening area
A
percentage of the surface of all the apertures in the total screening surface
Note 1 to entry: The open screening area is calculated as the ratio of the square of the nominal aperture width, w,
and the square of the nominal pitch, p = w + d, rounded to a full percentage value:
w
A = ⋅100%
wd+
()
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

3.8
type of weave
way in which the warp (3.4) and weft (3.5) wires cross each other
Note 1 to entry: Industrial woven wire cloth is manufactured with square apertures in plain or twilled weave
(see Figure 2).
a) Plain weave b) Twilled weave
Figure 2 — Types of weave
3.9
firmness of woven wire cloth
tension existing between the crossing warp (3.4) and weft (3.5) wires and which determines the
firmness of the wire cloth
Note 1 to entry: It is affected by the relationship of w to d and by the type of weave.
3.10
mass per unit area
ρ
A
quantity calculated using the following formula:
d ⋅ρ
ρ =
A
618,1⋅+wd
()
where
d is the wire diameter, in mm;
w is the aperture width, in mm;
ρ is the material density, in kg/m(s) ;
ρ is the mass per unit area, in kg/m(s)
A
Note 1 to entry: This formula gives the calculated mass per unit area.
Note 2 to entry: The value 618,1 is based on the crimped wire.
Note 3 to entry: Typical values of ρ for various materials are given in ISO 4783-2:1989, Table 2. For example, the
mass per unit area for plain or carbon steel with a density of 7 850 kg/m can be calculated using the formula
provided as follows:
d ⋅7850
12,7⋅d
ρ = =
A
wd+
618,1⋅+wd
()
The formula provided can also be used to calculate the wire diameter (3.2), d, when the pitch (3.3), p, or
(w + d), and the mass per unit area, ρ are known. ln the case of plain or carbon steel (ρ = 7 850 kg/m ),
A,
see the following formula:
ρ ⋅p
A
d =
12,7
3.11
major blemishes
production defects which significantly affect the aperture width (3.1) or surface quality of the wire cloth
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for information.
4 Requirements
4.1 Aperture width and wire diameter combination
Unless otherwise agreed between the supplier and the purchaser, the aperture width and wire diameter
combination shall be selected from ISO 2194, ISO 4782, ISO 4783-1, or ISO 4783-2, as appropriate.
4.2 Maximum permissible errors on aperture width
The maximum permissible errors on aperture width are given in Table 1.
In Table 1 and Formulae (1) to (7), the suffix “i”, used with the symbols denotes “industrial wire cloth”.
In Formulae (1) to (8), X , Y , s , and w are expressed in micrometres.
i i 0
NOTE Nominal apertures in Table 1 lower than 1 mm are in µm, higher or equal in mm.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — Maximum permissible error of aperture width
Maximum permissible error on aperture width, w
for woven wire cloth made of…
Nominal
steel, copper, b
...