ISO 15531-44:2017

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15531-44
Second edition
2017-07
Industrial automation systems
and integration — Industrial
manufacturing management data —
Part 44:
Information modelling for shop floor
data acquisition
Systèmes d’automatisation industrielle et intégration — Données de
gestion de fabrication industrielle —
Partie 44: Modélisation de l’information de gestion de fabrication
pour l’acquisition des données d’atelier
Reference number
ISO 15531-44:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017

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ISO 15531-44:2017(E)

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ISO 15531-44:2017(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 4
4 General purpose and scope of ISO 15531 . 4
5 Purpose, principles and structure of this document . 6
5.1 Purpose of this document . 6
5.2 Basic principles of this document and overview of the main entities. 6
5.3 Structure of shop floor data acquisition system . 8
5.4 The captured data and their organization . 9
5.4.1 General characteristics . 9
5.4.2 Manufacturing management data .11
5.4.3 Quality management .11
5.4.4 Productivity and maintenance .11
5.4.5 Traceability .11
5.5 The question of time: time stamping and time measure .11
5.6 Size optimization .12
6 The EXPRESS schema definition of shop floor captured data .12
6.1 Shop floor captured data schema definition .12
6.2 Shopfloor_captured_data type definitions .13
6.2.1 type_of_movement.13
6.2.2 stock_in . . .13
6.2.3 stock_out .13
6.2.4 stock_taking . . .14
6.3 Shop floor captured data entity definitions .14
6.3.1 Stock .14
6.3.2 Manufactured_product .14
6.3.3 Orders .15
6.3.4 Manufacturing_batch . .16
6.3.5 Work_order .16
6.3.6 material_consumption .17
6.3.7 Productivity_and_maintenance .18
6.3.8 Quality .20
6.3.9 Resource .21
6.3.10 Time stamping and time reference .22
Annex A (normative) Information object registration .23
Annex B (informative) EXPRESS listing .24
Annex C (informative) EXPRESS-G Diagram .28
Bibliography .30
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ISO 15531-44:2017(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15531-44:2010), which has been
technically revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15531 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO 15531-44:2017(E)

Introduction
ISO 15531 is an International Standard for the modelling of data used in manufacturing management
(except for product and component data as well as catalogue or library data that are modelled using
ISO 10303 and ISO 13584). ISO 15531-31 and ISO 15531-32 address the modelling of data used for the
management of resources usage, whereas ISO 15531-43 addresses the modelling of manufacturing
management data and ISO 15531-42 provides a time model.
The other data that are used for manufacturing management include some data that are captured at
the control level of manufacturing, but that are stored at the management level and used at this level to
manage manufacturing for quality, maintenance, rescheduling or any other management purpose.
These data are very often captured in various formats that are determined by device and process
constraints. The time stamping and time measure related to this data capture, as well as the batch and
resource to which this capture is associated, are also needed to manage manufacturing in an efficient
way. Each occurrence of time measure and time stamping is also specific to the resource and its result
is further related to a unique time model and reference.
After several translation operations and handling, the raw data collected from level 2 become level 3
data. They are stored in a database that gathers and organizes all the collected data in accordance with
level 3 models that are predefined to be reusable. Their subsequent usage in various manufacturing
management software implies that the corresponding models are well defined and unique for given
information, even if that kind of information can appear several times from several resources.
NOTE The definitions of functional levels used here are those of IEC 62264-1 and are repeated for
information in Clause 4 of this document. The monitoring and control of physical devices belong to level 2, while
the management of manufacturing operations belongs to level 3. This document addresses the modelling of level
3 data that are the result of the collection at level 2 of raw data and the result of their translation and handling.
The translation and handling are outside the scope of this document.
It is the aim of this document to provide, for those data, models that are shareable by any software used
to manage and improve manufacturing.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15531-44:2017(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration —
Industrial manufacturing management data —
Part 44:
Information modelling for shop floor data acquisition
1 Scope
This document addresses the modelling of the data collected from data acquisition systems at control
level to be stored at the manufacturing management level and processed further at this level for any
management purpose.
The following are within the scope of this document:
— quantitative or qualitative data collected from data acquisition systems at the control or management
level to be stored at the management level and used later on to manage manufacturing;
— time stamping and time measurement provided from data acquisition systems for control and
management data.
The following are outside the scope of this document:
— any data only related to remote and real time measurement and management;
— product definition data as modelled in the ISO 10303 series;
— catalogue and library data as modelled in ISO 13584 and ISO 15926;
— control data that are only used at the control level as well as those that are not used for manufacturing
management.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
beginning date
instance of point in time that identifies an event (3.1.4) that is the starting point of something noticeable
and durable
EXAMPLE Beginning date of a data capture occurrence, of a task, of a measure, or of a state (3.1.14) change.
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Note 1 to entry: “Point in time” is defined in ISO 15531-42:2005, 3.1.13.
3.1.2
connection
junction of an identifier to another identifier related to an assembly operation
EXAMPLE Joining a part batch number to a subset.
Note 1 to entry: A connection does not have a property or attribute while the association is a semantic
relationship.
3.1.3
ending date
instance of point in time that identifies an event (3.1.4) that is the ending point of something noticeable
that has had duration
EXAMPLE Ending date of an activity, of a data capture.
Note 1 to entry: Point in time is defined in ISO 15531-42:2005, 3.1.13.
3.1.4
event
something noticeable that takes or can take place at a given place and point in time
EXAMPLE The start of a given activity, the anniversary of another event, the end of machine failure.
3.1.5
genealogy
connection (3.1.2) that relates unique identifiers
EXAMPLE Joining a serial number to another serial number.
Note 1 to entry: Genealogy is not a semantic relationship. For example, no property or attribute is associated
with the junction between the serial numbers of the example given in this entry.
3.1.6
hazard event
noticeable failure during a manufacturing process (3.1.9)
Note 1 to entry: The failure is noticeable enough to be recorded in the database. It can be caused by the resource
(3.1.13) on which the event (3.1.4) appears or by a previous event.
3.1.7
manufacturing
function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or a semi-finished state
(3.1.14) to a state of further completion
[22]
Note 1 to entry: Definition adapted from the APICS dictionary .
[SOURCE: ISO 15531-1:2004, 3.6.22]
3.1.8
manufacturing order
document, group of documents, or schedule conveying authority for the manufacture of specified parts
or products in specified quantity
Note 1 to entry: A manufacturing order identifies a unit of scheduled work to be manufactured; it includes, for
example, a reference, a quantity and a due date. The manufacturing order is also the event (3.1.4) that triggers a
manufacturing (3.1.7) operation.
[22]
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from the APICS dictionary .
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3.1.9
manufacturing process
structured set of activities or operations performed upon material to convert it from raw material or a
semi-finished state (3.1.14) to a state of further completion
Note 1 to entry: Manufacturing processes can be arranged in process layout, product layout, cellular layout
or fixed position layout. Manufacturing processes can be planned to support make-to-stock, make-to-order,
assemble-to-order, etc., based on strategic use and placements of inventories.
[SOURCE: ISO 15531-1:2004, 3.6.25]
3.1.10
operation mode
one of the ways of operation expected from a resource (3.1.13) and set up in a given application
Note 1 to entry: Each machine can have one or more operation modes (e.g. automatic, step-by-step, manual)
determined by the type of machine and its application.
Note 2 to entry: The operation mode is selected from those available by the operator.
Note 3 to entry: The operation mode is represented in the model by the entity mode (see 6.3.7.2).
3.1.11
process
structured set of activities involving various enterprise entities, that is designed and organized for a
given purpose
Note 1 to entry: The definition provided here is very close to that given in ISO 10303-49. Nevertheless ISO 15531
needs the notion of structured set of activities, without any predefined reference to the time or steps. In addition,
from the point of view of flow management, some empty processes can be needed for synchronization purposes
although they are not actually doing anything (ghost tasks).
[SOURCE: ISO 15531-1:2004, 3.6.29]
3.1.12
product defect
anomaly identified, during a control, on a badly manufactured product
3.1.13
resource
device, tool and means at the disposal of the enterprise to produce goods or services
Note 1 to entry: Resources as defined in ISO 15531-1:2004, 3.6.43, exclude raw materials, products and
components that are considered from a system theory point of view as parts of the environment of the system and
do not belong to the system itself. Furthermore, this definition includes the definition found in ISO 10303-49 but
is included in the definition that applies for ISO 18629-14 and ISO 18629-44 (which also includes raw materials
and consumables), as well as ISO 18629-13.
Note 2 to entry: Resources, as they are defined here, include human resources considered as specific means
with a given capability and a given capacity. Those means are considered to be capable of being involved in the
manufacturing process (3.1.9) through assigned tasks, which does not include any modelling of an individual or
common behaviour of human resources, except in their capability to perform a given task in the manufacturing
process (e.g. transformation of a raw material or component, provision of logistic services). This means that
human resources are only considered, as are the other resources, from the point of view of their functions, their
capabilities and their status (e.g. idle, busy), excluding any modelling or representation of any aspect of individual
or common “social” behaviour.
Note 3 to entry: Adapted from ISO 15531-1:2004, 3.6.43.
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3.1.14
state
condition or situation during the life of an object during which it satisfies some condition, performs
some activity, or waits for some event (3.1.4)
Note 1 to entry: The meaning of state here is similar to the meaning of state in “state automaton”.
[SOURCE: ISO 15745-1:2003, 3.31, modified — the note to entry has been added]
3.1.15
work order
unit of scheduled work, that can be dispatched to a resource (3.1.13) and that addresses a specific phase
of the manufacturing process (3.1.9)
Note 1 to entry: A work order can be dispatched to a physical device and/or a human (or group of humans), that
are the two subclasses of the entity resource. This work order consists of lower level elements and is a component
of a manufacturing order (3.1.8).
3.2 Abbreviated terms
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LAN Local Area Network
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLIB Parts Libraries (ISO 13584)
MANDATE Manufacturing Data Exchange (ISO 15531)
RFID Radio-Frequency IDentification
STEP STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (ISO 10303)
4 General purpose and scope of ISO 15531
ISO 15531, also known as MANDATE, specifies the characteristics for a representation of manufacturing
management information over the entire industrial process, with the necessary mechanisms and
definitions to enable manufacturing management data to be shared and exchanged within the factory,
with other plants or with companies.
Exchanges are made through different computer systems and environments associated with the
complete industrial process. ISO 15531 (ISO 15531-1, ISO 15531-31, ISO 15531-32, ISO 15531-42 and
ISO 15531-43) focuses on discrete manufacturing but is not limited to it. Nevertheless, any extension
to industrial processes which does not belong to discrete manufacturing is always under consideration
when it does not imply any contradiction or inconsistency with the initial objective of ISO 15531.
The following are within the scope of ISO 15531:
— the representation of production and resources information including capability capacity,
monitoring, maintenance constraints and control;
NOTE 1 Maintenance constraints and relevant maintenance management data are taken into account from
the point of view of their impact on the flow control.
— the exchange and sharing of production information and resources information, including storing,
transferring, accessing and archiving.
The following are outside the scope of ISO 15531:
— enterprise modelling;
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NOTE 2 This means that tools, architecture and methodologies for the modelling of an enterprise as a whole
are not within the scope of ISO 15531.
— product data (representation and exchange of product information);
— component data (parts library: representation and exchange of computer-interpretable parts
library information);
— cutting tools (electronic representation for exchange of cutting tool data);
— technical maintenance information (technical information such as that included in device repair,
operation and maintenance manuals).
IEC 62264-1 identifies the following five levels for the functions related to manufacturing operation:
— Level 0, which addresses actual physical process;
— Level 1, which addresses functions involved in the sensing and manipulating of the physical process;
— Level 2, which addresses functions involved in the monitoring and controlling of the physical
process;
— Level 3, which addresses functions involved in managing the work flows to produce the desired end
products;
— Level 4, which addresses functions involved in the business-related activities needed to manage a
manufacturing organization.
Figure 1 shows the hierarchy of functional levels.
Figure 1 — Functional levels (from IEC 62264-1)
ISO 15531 addresses the modelling of any data (except product data) that are suitable to manage
manufacturing operations (ISO 15531-31, ISO 15531-32, ISO 15531-43). Even if in this context ISO 15531
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ISO 15531-44:2017(E)

addresses level 3 or level 4 functions, it models any data suitable for the management of manufacturing
operations including data that are collected at other levels.
5 Purpose, principles and structure of this document
5.1 Purpose of this document
The data acquisition process in a shop floor collects data at level 2 (shop floor level), it provides their
identification and their content before their provision to level 3 (manufacturing management level).
These manufacturing data can address the devices, the manufacturing batches, the products or the
staff. They are requested for the KPI calculations, for the manufacturing and quality monitoring and for
the improvement of manufacturing operations. They also enable the validation of shop floor models and
scheduling scenario.
The compliance with a model eases the collection and organization as well as the handling of the data in
the database built at level 3 (manufacturing management level) for historic and management purposes
and the setup of shop floor monitoring systems, as well of their interoperability.
5.2 Basic principles of this document and overview of the main entities
Given that the model shall be as generic as possible and easy to specialize, the entities described in the
model are themselves as generic as possible. Their specialization, if needed, shall be obtained through
the use of the PLIB (ISO 13584-1, ISO 13584-24), where the specialization process is roughly described.
Although the model is mainly focused on the relationships between the manufacturing process events,
activities, state changes, it nevertheless enables the modelling of any data collected at level 2 for a
manufacturing management and or improvement purpose (level 3).
The main entities defined or used in the model are listed and outlined below:
NOTE 1 Some entities that are referenced from other schema and/or are service entities are described and
specified in Clause 6, but are not listed or described below:
— duration_reference;
— equipment;
— equipment_header;
— hazard_event;
— manufacturing_batch;
— manufacturing_order;
— manufacturing_order_header;
— manufactured_product;
— material_consumption;
— measurement_result;
— mode;
— product_defect;
— state;
— stock;
— time_reference;
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— work_order.
The manufacturing_batch entity addresses the lot of products or components scheduled to be
produced or the lot of products or components that is produced in a range of operation.
NOTE 2 For discrete products or components the batch can be a standard set of products or components
scheduled to be manufactured, while for non-discrete products the batch is the quantity that is planned to be
produced in a given period based on a formula or recipe that is often developed to produce a given number of end
items (see Reference [22]).
NOTE 3 This document only describes and uses the manufacturing_batch entity, which is a specialization of
the batch entity given that it is mainly focused on discrete part manufacturing. In case of non-discrete products
it is up to the user to modify this manufacturing_batch entity to take into account non-discrete products, or to
add the parent entity (batch) or another specialization of the batch entity that addresses non-discrete products.
The duration_reference entity specifies a specific duration to which all the collected duration shall
refer or be related in order to guarantee consistency between the durations collected.
The equipment entity describes a physical device that is used during a manufacturing process to
transform raw materials and/or components into a more finished component or product. Equipment is
a sub-class of resource. The other specialization of the entity resource is human, which is not used and
not modelled in this standard.
The equipment_header entity includes all the needed information that is predefined and related to the
equipment independently of its mode, status and of the work-order it operates.
The entity hazard_event addresses unexpected noticeable incidents that occur during the
manufacturing process.
EXAMPLE 1 A failure on a resource (equipment, human, etc.) is a hazard_event. The failure shall be important
enough to be recorded.
The entity manufacturing_batch, which is a specialization of batch for manufacturing products,
address
...