ISO 4586-7:2018

ISO/TC 61/SC 11
Deleted: 06
Date: 2018-07
Deleted: /PRF
ISO 4586-7:2018(E)
ISO/TC 61/SC 11/WG 2
Secretariat: JISC
High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL, HPDL) — Sheets based on
thermosetting resins (usually called laminates) — Part 7: Classification and
specifications for design laminates
Stratifiés décoratifs haute pression (HPL, HPDL) — Plaques à base de résines
thermodurcissables (communément appelées stratifiés) — Partie 7: Classification et
spécifications pour conception stratifiés
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
Deleted: Copyright notice¶
This ISO document is a Draft International
Standard and is copyright‐protected by ISO.
Except as permitted under the applicable laws
of the user's country, neither this ISO draft nor
any extract from it may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without prior written
permission being secured.¶
Requests for permission to reproduce should be
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty
payments or a licensing agreement.¶
Violators may be prosecuted.¶
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 1
4  Material types . 2
Table 1 — Numerical classification . 2
5  Require ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for thin pearlescent laminates . 4
Table 3 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for compact pearlescent laminates . 5
Table 4 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for thin metal laminates . 5
Table 5 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for compact metal laminates . 6
Table 6 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for thin wood veneer laminates . 6
Table 7 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for compact wood veneer laminates. 7
Table 8 — General requirements for pearlescent laminates . 7
Table 9 — General requirements for metal laminates . 10
Table 10 — General requirements for wood veneer laminates . 12
Table 11 — Additional requirements for type P laminates . 15
Annex A (informative) Addendum to Tables 8, 9, and 10 relating to Test Method 29: Scratch
Resistance . 16
Figure A.1—Effects of surface finish and colour on scratch resistance . 16
Annex B (informative) Addendum to 5.4.5, relating to fire performance . 17
Table B.1 — Typical EN 13501-1 classifications of HPL composite panels with wood-based
substrates . 17
Table B.2 — Examples of typical fire performance of high-pressure laminates . 17
Table B.3 — Typical ASTM E84 classifications of HPDL composite panels with wood-based
substrates . 18
Bibliography . 19
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11,
Products.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4586‐7:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— correction of errors due to typographical, formatting, and omission issues.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4586 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
Introduction
High‐pressure decorative laminates are characterized by their qualities, durability, and functional
performance. High‐pressure laminates sheet are available in a wide variety of colours, patterns, and
surface finishes. They are resistant to wear, scratching, impact, moisture, heat, and staining; and
possess good hygienic and anti‐static properties, being easy to clean and maintain.
In an effort to harmonize ISO 4586 with other high‐pressure decorative laminate standards, multiple
methods may be published that demonstrate similar properties. In these instances, the same test
method title is given and is annotated as either “Method A” or “Method B”. This is the case in the
following tests: Edge squareness — 8/9, Dry heat — 17/18 Dimensional stability at elevated
temperatures — 19/20, Dimensional stability at ambient temperature — 21/22, Staining — 30/31,
Lightfastness — 32/33, Formability — 38/39, and Blistering — 40/41. In these instances, either
method may be utilized in testing. Compliance to both methods is not required. While these tests are
similar they are by no means identical and results of one method do not necessarily correspond to the
results of the accompanying test. In these situations, it is intended that the documentation in specific
parts of ISO 4586 for performance requirements be consulted. Each specific method has performance
requirements particular to that method for individual grades of high‐pressure decorative laminate.
This document has been harmonized with EN 438‐8 whenever possible.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)

High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL, HPDL) — Sheets
Deleted: Usually
based on thermosetting resins (usually called laminates) —
Deleted: Laminates
Part 7: Classification and specifications for design laminates
1 Scope
This document applies to laminates intended for interior use with a design effect surface having a
phenolic based core and a decorative surface, not covered by ISO 4586‐3 through ISO 4586‐6 and
ISO 4586‐8. Three surface material types (metal, wood veneer, and pearlescent décor) are defined in
this document.
ISO 4586‐2 specifies the methods of test relevant to this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 1183‐1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1: Immersion
method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method
ISO 4586‐2:2018, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL, HPDL) — Sheets based on thermosetting
resins (usually called laminates) — Part 2: Determination of properties Deleted: Usually
Deleted: Laminates
ISO 11664‐2, Colorimetry — Part 2: CIE standard illuminants
1
EN 12722 , Furniture — Assessment of surface resistance to dry heat
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
high-pressure decorative laminate
HPL

1
ISO 4211‐2:1993 modified.
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
HPDL
sheet consisting of layers of cellulosic fibrous material (normally paper) impregnated with
thermosetting resins and bonded together by the high pressure process (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: This is a general definition of high‐pressure decorative laminate(s). More specific product
definitions can be found in ISO 4586‐3 to ISO 4586‐8.
Note 2 to entry: The back of the sheet(s) is made suitable for adhesive bonding to a substrate.
3.2
high-pressure process
simultaneous application of heat (temperature ≥ 120 °C) and high specific pressure (≥ 5 MPa), to
provide flowing and subsequent curing of the thermosetting resins to obtain a homogeneous non‐
3
porous material with increased density (≥ 1,35 g/cm), and with the required surface finish
3.3
pearlescent laminate
high-pressure decorative laminate (3.1), the surface material of which consists of a pearlescent effect
decorative paper, which is impregnated with melamine resin
Note 1 to entry: To achieve the optimum aesthetic effect from the pearlescent pigment a protective melamine
layer is not used.
Note 2 to entry: As a result, some surface properties are reduced (e.g. scratch, wear) therefore it is recommended
that these products are used for vertical applications.
3.4
metal laminate
high-pressure decorative laminate (3.1), the surface material of which consists of a thin layer of metal
EXAMPLE Aluminium, steel, or copper.
Note 1 to entry: The surface is often protected by a thin layer of lacquer or in the case of aluminium, the surface
may be anodized. The surface performance and appearance of these metal laminates is equivalent to that of a thin
metal sheet.
Note 2 to entry: As some surface properties are lower than that of melamine (e.g. scratch, wear), it is
recommended that these products are used for vertical applications.
3.5
wood veneer laminate
high-pressure decorative laminate (3.1), the surface material of which consists of a wood veneer, which
is covered by a protective melamine layer
Note 1 to entry: The surface appearance of these wood veneer laminates is similar to wood. Wood veneer
laminates are not normally available in postforming grade.
4 Material types
High pressure decorative design laminates are defined using a three letter classification system as
shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Numerical classification
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
First letter Second letter Third letter
A (Pearlescent laminate) C (Compact) S (Standard grade)
M (Metal laminate) T (Thin laminate, < 2 mm) or P (Postformable grade)
W (Wood laminate) or F (Flame‐retardant grade)
Type S — Standard grade decorative laminates.
Type P — Postformable decorative laminates; similar to type S but can also be formed at elevated temperature.
Type F — Decorative laminates with improved fire retardance; similar to types S or P but also meeting special requirements
of specified fire tests which may vary according to the application (e.g. construction, marine, transport) and the country of
use (see 5.4.5).
In addition to the abbreviation “HPL” or “HPDL” and the number of this document, materials shall be specified by the
alphabetical classification system.
NOTE As an example, pearlescent standard grade thin high‐pressure decorative design laminate is designated as
HPL/ISO 4586‐8 ATS or HPDL/ISO 4586‐8 ATS.
5 Requirements
5.1 Compliance
High‐pressure decorative design laminates classified in Table 1 shall comply with all the appropriate
requirements specified in 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4. This applies to both full‐size sheets and cut‐to‐size panels.
5.2 Inspection requirements
5.2.1 General
Inspection shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 4586‐2:2018, Clause 4, at a distance of 0,75 m to
1,5 m.
5.2.2 Colour, pattern and surface finish
When inspected in daylight or D65 standard illuminant, as specified in ISO 11664‐2, and under
tungsten‐filament lighting illuminant F as specified in ISO 11664‐2, a slight difference between the
corresponding colour reference sample held by the supplier and the specimen under test is acceptable.
As colour and surface finish are critical, it is recommended that the sheets are checked for colour and
surface finish compatibility without protective film before fabrication or installation.
Some of these products are directional in surface finish or colour and they shall be installed in the
correct orientation.
5.2.3 Metal
When inspected in daylight or D65 standard illuminant and under tungsten‐filament lighting
illuminant F a slight difference between the corresponding colour reference sample held by the supplier
and the specimen under test is acceptable.
As colour and surface finish are critical, it is recommended that the sheets are checked for colour and
surface finish compatibility without protective film before fabrication or installation.
Some of these products are directional in surface finish or colour and they shall be installed in the
correct orientation. Small indentations in the surface are unavoidable.
5.2.4 Wood veneer
Due to the fact that wood is a natural product, each veneer may be considered as unique. Slight colour
and structure differences are considered normal. Singularities such as knots and resin inclusions are
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
not considered as defects, but as a part of the décor. There are differences in light fastness performance
depending on the wood species and the source of the wood.
5.2.5 Reverse side
The reverse side of single‐sided sheets shall be suitable for adhesive bonding (e.g. sanded). In the case
of sanded backs, slight chatter marks shall be permitted.
5.2.6 Visual inspection
5.2.6.1 General
The following inspection requirements are intended as a general guide, indicating the minimum
acceptable quality for laminates. Cut‐to‐size panels and certain applications involving full‐size sheets
may call for special quality requirements which can be negotiated between the supplier and purchaser,
in such cases the following requirements may be used as a basis for agreement. Only a small percentage
of sheets in a batch (the level to be agreed upon between the supplier and the customer) shall contain
defects of the minimum acceptable level.
5.2.6.2 Surface quality
The following defects are permissible.
— Dirt, spots dents, and similar surface defects.
The admissible size of such defects is based on a maximum contamination area equivalent to
2 2
1,0 mm/m of laminate and is proportional to the sheet size under inspection.
The total admissible area of contamination may be concentrated in one spot or dispersed over an
unlimited amount of smaller defects.
— Fibres, hairs, and scratches.
The admissible size of such defects is based on a maximum contamination area equivalent to
2 2
10 mm/m of laminate and is proportional to the sheet size under inspection.
The total admissible area of contamination may be concentrated in one spot or dispersed over an
unlimited amount of smaller defects.
5.2.6.3 Edge quality
Visual defects (e.g. moisture marks, lack of gloss, corner damage) can be present on all four edges of the
laminate, providing the defect‐free length and width are at least the nominal size minus 20 mm.
5.3 Dimensional tolerance requirements
5.3.1 Dimensional tolerance requirements for pearlescent laminates
Dimensional tolerance requirements for pearlescent laminates are specified in Tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for thin pearlescent laminates
Test method
Property Requirement
(ISO 4586‐2:2018,
Clause No.)
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
0,5 mm ≤ d ≤ 1,0 mm: ±0,10 mm maximum deviation
Thickness 5 1,0 mm ≤ d ≤ 2,0 mm: ±0,15 mm maximum deviation
where d = nominal thickness
a
Length and width 6 +10 mm/−0 mm
a
Straightness of edges 7 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method A) 8 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method B) 9 < 6 mm
b
Flatness 10 60 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Tolerances for cut‐to‐size panels shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser.

b
Provided that the laminates are stored in the manner and conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Table 3 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for compact pearlescent laminates
Test method
Property
Requirement
(ISO 4586‐2:2018,
Clause No.)
2,0 mm ≤ d < 3,0 mm: ±0,20 mm maximum deviation
3,0 mm ≤ d < 5,0 mm: ±0,30 mm maximum deviation
5,0 mm ≤ d < 8,0 mm: ±0,40 mm maximum deviation
8,0 mm ≤ d < 12,0 mm: ±0,50 mm maximum deviation
12,0 mm ≤ d < 16,0 mm: ±0,60 mm maximum deviation
Thickness 5
16,0 mm ≤ d < 20,0 mm: ±0,70 mm maximum deviation
20,0 mm ≤ d < 25,0 mm: ±0,80 mm maximum deviation
25,0 mm ≤ d: to be agreed upon between the supplier and
customer
where d = nominal thickness
a
Length and width 6 +10 mm/‐0 mm
a
Straightness of edges 7 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method A) 8 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method B) 9 < 6 mm
2,0 mm ≤ d < 6,0 mm: 8,0 mm/m maximum deviation
6,0 mm ≤ d < 10,0 mm: 5,0 mm/m maximum deviation
b
Flatness 10
10,0 mm ≤ d: 3,0 mm/m maximum deviation
where d = nominal thickness
a
Tolerances for cut‐to‐size panels shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser.

b
Provided that the laminates are stored in the manner and conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
5.3.2 Dimensional tolerance requirements for metal laminates
Dimensional tolerance requirements for metal laminates are specified in Tables 4 and 5.
Table 4 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for thin metal laminates
Test method
Property Requirement
(ISO 4586‐2:2018,
Clause No.)
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
0,5 mm ≤ d < 1,0 mm: ±0,15 mm maximum deviation
Thickness 5 1,0 mm ≤ d < 2,0 mm: ±0,18 mm maximum deviation
where d = nominal thickness
a
Length and width 6 +10 mm/‐0 mm
a
Straightness of edges 7 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method A) 8 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method B) 9 < 6 mm
b
Flatness 10 100 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Tolerances for cut‐to‐size panels shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser.

b
Provided that the laminates are stored in the manner and conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Table 5 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for compact metal laminates
Test method
Property Requirement
(ISO 4586‐2:2018,
Clause No.)
2,0 mm ≤ d < 3,0 mm: ±0,25 mm maximum deviation
3,0 mm ≤ d < 5,0 mm: ±0,40 mm maximum deviation
5,0 mm ≤ d < 8,0 mm: ±0,50 mm maximum deviation
8,0 mm ≤ d < 12,0 mm: ±0,70 mm maximum deviation
12,0 mm ≤ d < 16,0 mm: ±0,80 mm maximum deviation
Thickness 5
16,0 mm ≤ d < 20,0 mm: ±0,90 mm maximum deviation
20,0 mm ≤ d < 25,0 m: ±1,00 mm maximum deviation
25,0 mm ≤ d: to be agreed upon between the supplier
and customer
where d = nominal thickness
a
Length and width 6 +10 mm/‐0 mm
a
Straightness of edges 7 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method A) 8 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method B) 9 < 6 mm
2,0 mm ≤ d < 6,0 mm: 8,0 mm/m maximum deviation
6,0 mm ≤ d < 10,0 mm: 5,0 mm/m maximum deviation
b
Flatness 10
10,0 mm ≤ d: 3,0 mm/m maximum deviation
where d = nominal thickness
a
Tolerances for cut‐to‐size panels shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser.

b
Provided that the laminates are stored in the manner and conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
5.3.3 Dimensional tolerance requirements for wood veneer laminates
Dimensional tolerance requirements for wood veneer laminates are specified in Tables 6 and 7.
Table 6 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for thin wood veneer laminates
Test method
Property Requirement
(ISO 4586‐2:2018,
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
Clause No.)
0,5 mm ≤ d < 1,0 mm: ±0,15 mm maximum deviation
Thickness 5 1,0 mm ≤ d < 2,0 mm: ±0,18 mm maximum deviation
where d = nominal thickness
a
Length and width 6 +10 mm/‐0 mm
a
Straightness of edges 7 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method A) 8 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method B) 9 < 6 mm
b
Flatness 10 120 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Tolerances for cut‐to‐size panels shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser.

b
Provided that the laminates are stored in the manner and conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Table 7 — Dimensional tolerance requirements for compact wood veneer laminates
Test method
Property Requirement
(ISO 4586‐2:2018,
Clause No.)
2,0 mm ≤ d < 3,0 mm: ±0,25 mm maximum deviation
3,0 mm ≤ d < 5,0 mm: ±0,40 mm maximum deviation
5,0 mm ≤ d < 8,0 mm: ±0,50 mm maximum deviation
8,0 mm ≤ d < 12,0 mm: ±0,70 mm maximum deviation
12,0 m ≤ d < 16,0 mm: ±0,80 mm maximum deviation
Thickness 5
16,0 mm ≤ d < 20,0 mm: ±0,90 mm maximum deviation
20,0 mm ≤ d < 25,0 mm: ±1,00 mm maximum deviation
25,0 mm ≤ d: to be agreed upon between the supplier
and customer
where d = nominal thickness
a
Length and width 6 +10 mm/‐0 mm
a
Straightness of edges 7 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method A) 8 1,5 mm/m maximum deviation
a
Squareness (Method B) 9 < 6 mm
2,0 mm ≤ d < 6,0 mm: 12,0 mm/m maximum deviation
6 mm ≤ d < 10,0 mm: 8,0 mm/m maximum deviation
b
Flatness 10
10 mm ≤ d: 5,0 mm/m maximum deviation
where d = nominal thickness
a
Tolerances for cut‐to‐size panels shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
b
Provided that the laminates are stored in the manner and conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
5.4 Test requirements
5.4.1 General requirements for pearlescent laminates
General requirements for pearlescent laminates are specified in Table 8.
Table 8 — General requirements for pearlescent laminates
Property Laminate grade
Test method Property or Unit (max. or
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
(ISO 4586‐2:20 attribute min.)
18, Clause No.
unless
ATS ATP ATF ACS ACF
otherwise
stated)
Rating (min.)
Appearance Gloss finish 3 3 3 3 3
Other finishes 4 4 4 4 4
a
% (max.)
Resistance to
immersion in 13 Mass increase 2 mm ≤ d < 5 mm — — — 5,0 7,0
boiling water
d ≥ 5 mm — — — 2,0 3,0
a
% (max.)
Thickness
2 mm ≤ d < 5 mm — — — 6,0 9,0
increase
d ≥ 5 mm — — — 2,0 6,0
Resistance to
15 Appearance Rating (min.) 3 3 3 3 3
water vapour
a
% (max.)
d < 2 mm
b
L 0,75 0,75 0,75 — —
c
T 1,25 1,25 1,25 — —
a
Dimensional
% (max.)
stability at Cumulative
2 mm ≤ d < 5 mm
elevated 19 dimensional
b
L — — — 0,40 0,40
temperature change
c
T — — — 0,80 0,80
(Method A) or
a
% (max.)
d ≥ 5 mm
b
L — — — 0,30 0,30
c
T — — — 0,60 0,60
a
% (max.)
d < 2 mm
b
L 0,75 1,00 1,10 — —
c
T 1,25 1,15 1,25 — —
a
% (max.)
Dimensional
Cumulative
stability at
2 mm ≤ d < 5 mm
elevated
20 dimensional
b
L — — — 0,30 0,30
temperature
change
c
(Method B)
T — — — 0,70 0,30
a
% (max.)
d ≥ 5 mm
b
L — — — 0,30 0,30
c
— 0,70 0,30
T — —
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ISO 4586‐7:2018(E)
a
% (max.)
d < 2 mm
b
L 0,75 0,75 0,75 — —
c
T 1,25 1,25 1,25 — —
a
Dimensional
% (max.)
stability at Cumulative
2 mm ≤ d < 5 mm
ambient 21 dimensional
b
L — — — 0,40 0,40
temperature change
c
T — — — 0,80 0,80
(Method A) or
a
% (max)
d ≥ 5 mm
b
L — — — 0,30 0,30
c
T — — — 0,60 0,60
a
% (max.)
d < 2 mm
b
L 0,75 1,00 1,10 — —
c
T 1,25 1,15 1,25 — —
a
Dimensional % (max.)
Cumulative
stability at
2 mm ≤ d < 5 mm
ambient 22 dimensional
b
L — — — 0,30 0,30
temperature
change
c
(Method B)
T — — — 0,70 0,30
a
% (max.)
d ≥ 5 mm
b
L — — — 0,30 0,30
c
T — — — 0,70 0,30
Resistance to
impact by small 24 Spring force N (min.) 15 15 15
diameter ball
Drop height mm (min.) — — — 800 800
Resistance to
impact by large 25
Indent mm (max.) — — — 12 12
diameter ball
diameter
Resistance to
cracking under 27 Appearance Rating (min.) 4 4 4 — —
stress (optional)
Resistance to
28 Appearance Rating (min.) — — — 4 4
crazing
Resistance to 29 and see
Force Rating (min.) 2 2 2 2 2
scratching Annex A
Rating (min.)
Resistance to
30 Appearance Groups 1 and 2 5 5 5 5 5
staining
Group 3 4 4 4 4 4
(Method A) or
Resistance to
Cleanability (max.) 20 20 20 20 20
staining
31 Appearance Stain 1 to 10 5 5 5 5 5
(Method B)
Stain 11 to 15 3 3 3 3 3
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