ISO 14649-12:2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-12
First edition
2005-12-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 12:
Process data for turning
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande des
dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 12: Données de procédé pour le tournage

Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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©  ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword.vi
Introduction.vii
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
3.1 Roughing .2
3.2 Finishing .2
4 Process data for turning .2
4.1 Header and references .2
4.2 Manufacturing features for turning.3
4.2.1 General.3
4.2.2 Turning feature.3
4.2.3 Outer round .4
4.2.3.1 General.4
4.2.3.2 Outer diameter .4
4.2.3.3 Outer diameter to shoulder .5
4.2.4 Revolved feature .6
4.2.4.1 General.6
4.2.4.2 Revolved flat.7
4.2.4.3 Revolved round .7
4.2.4.4 Groove.8
4.2.4.5 General revolution.9
4.2.5 Knurl.10
4.2.5.1 General.10
4.2.5.2 Straight knurl .11
4.2.5.3 Diagonal knurl .11
4.2.5.4 Diamond knurl .11
4.2.5.5 Tool knurl.12
4.3 Machining workingstep for turning.12
4.3.1 Turning workingstep.12
4.4 Machining operations for turning .13
4.4.1 General.13
4.4.2 Turning technology.13
4.4.2.1 General.13
4.4.2.2 Speed select.14
4.4.2.3 Const spindle speed.14
4.4.2.4 Const cutting speed.14
4.4.2.5 Feed select.15
4.4.2.6 Feed velocity type .15
4.4.2.7 Feed per rev type .15
4.4.3 Turning machine functions.15
4.4.3.1 General.15
4.4.3.2 Coolant select.16
4.4.4 Turning machining strategy.17
4.4.4.1 General.17
4.4.4.2 Unidirectional turning.18
4.4.4.3 Bidirectional turning.19
4.4.4.4 Contour turning.20
4.4.4.5 Thread strategy .21
4.4.4.5.1 General .21
4.4.4.5.2 Thread cut depth type.21
4.4.4.5.3 Threading direction type .22
4.4.4.6 Grooving strategy .22
4.4.4.6.1 General .22
4.4.4.6.2 Multistep grooving strategy.23
4.4.4.7 Explicit turning strategy .24
4.4.5 Turning machining operation .24
4.4.5.1 General.24
4.4.5.2 Facing.25
4.4.5.2.1 General .25
4.4.5.2.2 Facing rough.25
4.4.5.2.3 Facing finish.26
4.4.5.3 Grooving.26
4.4.5.3.1 General .26
4.4.5.3.2 Grooving rough.26
4.4.5.3.3 Grooving finish.27
4.4.5.3.4 Cutting in.27
4.4.5.3.5 Dwell select.28
4.4.5.3.6 Dwell time .28
4.4.5.3.7 Dwell revolution .28
4.4.5.4 Contouring.28
4.4.5.4.1 General .28
4.4.5.4.2 Contouring rough.29
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

4.4.5.4.3 Contouring finish.29
4.4.5.5 Threading .29
4.4.5.5.1 General.29
4.4.5.5.2 Threading rough .30
4.4.5.5.3 Threading finish .30
4.4.5.6 Knurling .30
Annex A: (normative) EXPRESS expanded listing.31
Annex B: (informative) EXPRESS-G diagram.39
Annex C: (informative) Turning specific features .44
C.1 General .44
C.2 Circular face.44
C.2.1 General .44
C.2.2 Face radiused.45
C.2.3 Bottom transition.46
C.2.3.1 Bottom_transition_slope .46
C.2.3.2 Bottom_transition_round.46
C.3 Cut in.47
Annex D: (informative) Simple turning example .49
Annex E: (informative) Complex turning example .52
Index .58

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14649-12 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:
— Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
— Part 10: General process data
— Part 11: Process data for milling
— Part 12: Process data for turning
— Part 111: Tools for milling machines
— Part 121: Tools for turning machines
Gaps in the numbering were left to allow further additions. ISO 14649-10 is the ISO 10303 Application
Reference Model (ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added
after part 10.
ISO 14649 is harmonized with ISO 10303 in the common field of Product Data over the whole life cycle.

vi © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment from
hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred between the
various facilities and machines. Today's digital communications standards have solved the problem of reliably
transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of product data has been
standardized by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data throughout the entire process chain
in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realizing this principle are the data formats used at the machine
level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code”
language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-
aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits program portability for three reasons. First, the language
focuses on programming the tool center path with respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with
respect to the part. Second, the standard defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the
semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the
limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces ISO
6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine tool
motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level machining
features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to axis motion
and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO 10303. As ISO 14649
provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used as the basis for a bi- and multi-
directional data exchange between all other information technology systems.
ISO 14649 represents an object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming, that
supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular movements. As it is object- and
feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not machine dependent
axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility will spare all data
adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC controllers. If old NC
programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters shall be able to process
the different NC program types in parallel.
ISO TC 184/SC 1/WG 7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based
programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes” manually or
through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical user interfaces.
This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent. Therefore, ISO 14649 does
not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the effectiveness of the standard.
Figure 1 of ISO 14649-1 shows the different fields of standardization between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and CNC
manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-12:2005(E)

Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 12:
Process data for turning
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14649 specifies the technology specific data elements needed as process data for turning.

Together with the general process data described in ISO 14649-10, it describes the interface between
a computerized numerical controller and the programming system (i.e. CAM system or shop floor
programming system) for turning. It can be used for turning operations on all types of machines including turning
machine or lathe, or turning centers. In this version, feature and operation data models for conventional turning,
involving only x and z movements, are covered. Features and operations for the composite machining including c-
axis operation will be covered in the later version of this document or in a separate document. Also, the scope of
this part of ISO 14649 does not include any other technologies, like milling, grinding, contour cutting, or EDM.
These technologies will be described in other parts of the ISO 14649 series.
The subject of the turning schema, which is described in this document, is the definition of technology specific data
types representing machining features and processes for turning operation on lathes. Not included in this schema
are representations, executable objects, and base classes which are common for all technologies. They are
referenced from ISO 10303’s generic resources and ISO 14649-10. The description of process data is done
using the EXPRESS language as defined in ISO 10303-11. The encoding of the data is done using ISO 10303-21.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO 10303-11:2004, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange —
Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual
ISO 10303-21:2002, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange —
Part 21: Implementation methods: Clear text encoding of the exchange structure
ISO 10303-224: 2001, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange —
Part 224: Application protocol: Mechanical product definition for process planning using machining features

ISO 14649-1:2003, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model
for computerized numerical controllers — Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
ISO 14649-10:2003, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model
for computerized numerical controllers — Part 10: General process data
ISO 14649-11:2004, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model
for computerized numerical controllers — Part 11: Process data for milling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14649-10 and the following apply.
3.1
Roughing
machining operation used to cut a part

NOTE  While the aim of roughing is to remove large quantities of material in a short time, the surface quality is usually
not important. The roughing operation is usually followed by a finishing operation, cf. finishing.

3.2
Finishing
machining operation used to cut a par

NOTE The finishing operation usually follows a roughing operation. The goal of finishing is to reach the surface quality
required, cf. roughing.
4 Process data for turning
4.1 Header and references
The following listing gives the header for the turning schema and the list of types and entities, which are referenced
within this schema.
SCHEMA turning_schema;
(*
Version : 15
Date  : 05.01.2005
Author : ISO TC184/SC1/WG7
Contact : Suk-Hwan Suh
Stefan Heusinger
*)
(* ************************************************************************ *)
(* Types from machining_schema         ISO 14649-10         *)
(* ************************************************************************ *)

REFERENCE FROM machining_schema(
axis2_placement_3d,
bounded_curve,
cartesian_point,
direction,
general_profile,
identifier
in_process_geometry,
label,
length_measure,
linear_profile,
machine_functions,
machining_operation,
manufacturing_feature,
material,
open_profile,
partial_area_definition,
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

partial_circular_profile,
plane_angle_measure,
positive_length_measure,
positive_ratio_measure,
pressure_measure,
property_parameter,
rot_speed_measure,
round_hole,
speed_measure,
taper_select,
technology,
thread,
time_measure,
toleranced_length_measure,
two5D_manufacturing_feature,
vee_profile,
workingstep);
(* ************************************************************************ *)
(* Types from milling_ schema         ISO 14649-11         *)
(* ************************************************************************ *)

REFERENCE FROM milling_schema(
adaptive_control,
approach_retract_strategy,
process_model_list);
4.2 Manufacturing features for turning
4.2.1 General
The base class of all features used for turning is the turning_feature. The turning_feature is a subclass of the
two5D_manufacturing_feature described in ISO 14649-10. The turning features described in this clause are fully
harmonized with ISO 10303 AP224. Features that can be obtained by turning operation, as well as milling
operation, such as round_hole and thread, are not described in this part of ISO 14649; but users can use these
features by referencing ISO 14649-10. Also, toolpath_feature which is defined in ISO 14649-10 can be used for the
toolpath type features in turning.

4.2.2 Turning feature
The entity turning_feature is the abstract base class for all features used for turning. The defined turning features
are classified geometric shapes that can be obtained by turning the cylindrical workpiece with 2-axis (x and z)
operation or 3-axis (x, z, and c) operation (Figure 1). In this version, features that can be obtained by 3-axis
operation are not included as stated in Clause 1.

diredireccttion ofion of
XX
ttooooll s supportupport
CC
ZZ
Figure 1: Axis and motion nomenclature of turning operation
Currently, the following features are included: outer_round (outer_diameter, outer_diameter_to_shoulder),
revolved_feature (revolved_flat, revolved_round, groove, general_revolution), knurl (straight_knurl, diagonal_knurl,
diamond_knurl, tool_knurl).
NOTE: Turning specific features; i.e., features which are not defined in AP224, but frequently used in common practice, such as cut_in,
circular_face (including end_face and step_face) are described in Annex C of this document.

ENTITY turning_feature
ABSTRACT SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(outer_round, revolved_feature, knurl))
SUBTYPE OF (two5D_manufacturing_feature);
END_ENTITY;
4.2.3 Outer round
4.2.3.1 General
An outer_round is a type of turning_feature that is an outline or significant shape that is swept through a complete
revolution about an axis. Each outer_round is either an outer_diameter or an outer_diameter_to_shoulder. The axis
of revolution shall be the same as the z-axis of the feature.

ENTITY outer_round
ABSTRACT SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF (outer_diameter, outer_diameter_to_shoulder))
SUBTYPE OF (turning_feature);
END_ENTITY;
4.2.3.2 Outer diameter
The outer_diameter is a subtype of outer_round that is a sweeping of an outline specified by a line segment one
complete revolution about an axis. The line is finite in length and coplanar with the axis. The outer_diameter (Figure
2) may have a constant diameter around the axis of rotation (cylinder; left figure), or it may be tapered (cone; right
figure). In case of the definition of a cylinder the diameter_at_placement and the feature_length are sufficient. A
cone describes a continual transition from one diameter to another diameter across a certain feature_length. For its
definition the additional attribute reduced_size is used. In other words, cone and cylinder, which are commonly
used on the shop floor, can be respectively represented by outer_diameter or outer_diameter with taper as shown
in Figure 2.
4 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

angle
X
X
Z
Z
feature_length
feature_length
Figure 2: Outer_diameter (left) and outer_diameter with taper (right)

ENTITY outer_diameter
SUBTYPE OF (outer_round);
diameter_at_placement : toleranced_length_measure;
feature_length    : toleranced_length_measure;
reduced_size     : OPTIONAL taper_select;
END_ENTITY;
diameter_at_placement : This attribute describes the diameter at the side of the feature, where the origin of
the co-ordinate system of the feature’s placement is defined.
feature_length : The length of the feature. Its length is measured along its rotation axis from z = 0 of
the feature’s co-ordinate system to the leftmost point (negative value of z) of the
feature.
reduced_size : The optional attribute reduced_size makes it possible to distinguish between the
definition of cylinder and cone. If omitted, the feature outer_diameter describes a
cylinder. A cone can be described by one of the methods defined in taper_select,
which is defined in ISO 14649-10. For defining a cone, it can be selected between
two possibilities. If a diameter_taper is used, this is the diameter of the opposite side
of the feature’s placement co-ordinate system. If an angle_taper is chosen for
describing the cone, this angle is the angle between the negative z-axis and the line
on the positive x-side of the z-axis defined by the intersection of the cone with the
xz-plane of the feature, extended to meet the z-axis. An angle greater than 0
degrees and less than 90 degrees indicates a cone with increasing diameter for
decreasing z-values, an angle between 0 degrees and –90 degrees indicates a cone
with decreasing diameter for decreasing z-values.

4.2.3.3 Outer diameter to shoulder
An outer_diameter_to_shoulder is a type of outer_round that is a sweeping of a shape one complete revolution
about an axis. The shape shall be specified by two lines that connect at a point and extend infinitely. The enclosed
angle shall be smaller than 180°.
NOTE: A turning specific feature which is frequently used on the shop floor, the step_face can be represented by
outer_diameter_to_shoulder. Details for step_face are described in Annex C.2.

diameter_at_placement
diameter_at_placement
diameter_taper
defdefined byined by
vvee_pree_profofileile
yy
pp
profprofiillee_a_anglnglee
XX
ZZ
pprrofofiille_rae_raddiiuuss
ttiilltt_angl_anglee
xx
pp
Figure 3: Outer_diameter_to_shoulder

ENTITY outer_diameter_to_shoulder
SUBTYPE OF (outer_round);
diameter_at_placement : toleranced_length_measure;
v_shape_boundary   : vee_profile;
END_ENTITY;
diameter_at_placement : This attribute describes the diameter at the feature’s placement (co-ordinate
system). The z co-ordinate is the position where the two sides of the vee_profile
come together.
v_shape_boundary: An outline or shape that shall be revolved about an axis. The vee_profile specifies
the revolved shape required by an outer_diameter_to_shoulder. The placement of
the profile shall be along the x-axis of the outer_diameter_to_shoulder at a specified
distance away from the origin. The orientation of the y-axis of the vee_profile shall
be the same as the x-axis of the outer_diameter_to_shoulder and the x-axis of the
vee_profile shall be the same as the z-axis of the outer_diameter_to_shoulder.

4.2.4 Revolved feature
4.2.4.1 General
A revolved_feature is a subtype of turning_feature that is a sweeping of a planar profile on complete revolution
about the z-axis. The planar profile shall be finite in length, coplanar with the axis of revolution, and shall not
intersect the axis of revolution. The revolved_feature may be either an outer shape of a part or a volume removal,
depending on the material side. Each revolved_feature is one of the following: general_revolution, groove,
revolved_flat, or revolved_round.

ENTITY revolved_feature
ABSTRACT SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF (revolved_round, revolved_flat, groove,
general_revolution))
SUBTYPE OF (turning_feature);
material_side : OPTIONAL direction;
radius    : length_measure;
END_ENTITY;
6 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

didiamameteter_ater_at__
plplacacemementent
material_side: The material_side specifies the material removal direction; i.e., the direction towards
which the material moves as it is removed from the part. The material_side direction
is defined in the feature co-ordinate system.
radius: The distance from the axis of rotation to define placement of the profile that will be
swept about the axis. The value of this length_measure shall be greater or equal to
0.
4.2.4.2 Revolved flat
The revolved_flat is a type of revolved_feature that is the sweeping of a straight line about an axis.
NOTE: A turning specific feature which is frequently used on the shop floor, the circular_face can be represented by revolved_flat. Details
for this feature are described in Annex C.2.
ddeeffiinneded by by
lliinear_pnear_prorofifillee
mmaateteririalal_si_siddee
proproffilile_le_lengengthth
XX
pp
XX
ZZ
yy
pp
Figure 4: Revolved flat
ENTITY revolved_flat
SUBTYPE OF (revolved_feature);
flat_edge_shape : linear_profile;
END_ENTITY;
flat_edge_shape: A linear profile that when revolved about an axis defines the shape of an area of the
part. The placement of the profile shall be along the x-axis of the revolved_flat at a
distance specified by the inherited attribute radius away from the origin. The z-axis
orientation of the linear_profile shall be the same as the y-axis of the revolved_flat,
the x-axis and z-axis are independent of the orientation of the revolved_flat feature.

4.2.4.3 Revolved round
The revolved_round is a subtype of revolved_feature that is the sweeping of an arc about an axis.
radiradiusus
mmmaaattteeeriririalalal_si_si_sidddeee dddeeefffiiinnnededed by by by
parparpartititialalal_ci_ci_cirrrcccuuulllaaarrr___prprprofiofiofillleee
swswsweeeeeep_p_p_
aaanglnglngleee
XXX
ZZZ
Figure 5: Revolved round
ENTITY revolved_round
SUBTYPE OF (revolved_feature);
rounded_edge_shape : partial_circular_profile;
END_ENTITY;
rounded_edge_shape: This attribute specifies the arc that when revolved about an axis defines the shape of
an area of the part. The placement of the profile shall be along the x-axis of the
revolved_round at a distance specified by the inherited attribute radius away from
the origin. The z-axis orientation of the partial_circular_profile shall be the same as
the y-axis of the revolved_round, the x-axis and y-axis are independent of the
orientation of the revolved_round feature.

4.2.4.4 Groove
The groove is a type of revolved_feature that is a narrow channel or depression that is swept through one complete
revolution about an axis. The face shape that has the groove applied to it is determined by the profile orientation as
shown in Figure 6.
NOTE: A commonly used feature in shop floor, such as cut_in, the shape that is obtained by applying a cutting tool, can be represented by
the groove feature. Refer to Annex C.3 for the details. Standardized undercuts for shoulders (represented by the turning feature
outer_diameter_to_shoulder) and threads (represented by thread) may be represented by restrictions on a square_u_profile
defining the groove’s shape.
mmaatteeririalal_s_siiddee
mmaatteeririalal_si_siddee
swsweeeepp
swsweeeepp
XX XX
ZZ ZZ
Figure 6: Groove
8 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

rrraaadddiiiuuusss
ppp
YYY
XXX
ppp ppp
radiradiusus
radiradiradiususus
radiradiusus
ENTITY groove
SUBTYPE OF (revolved_feature);
sweep : open_profile;
END_ENTITY;
sweep: An outline or shape that shall be revolved about an axis. The open_profile specifies
the sweep shape required by a groove. The groove bottom condition can be
described by using the subtypes of open_profile defined in ISO 14649-10, such as
square_u_profile, rounded_u_profile, partial_circular_profile, and general_profile.
The placement of the profile shall be along the x-axis of the groove at a distance
specified by the inherited attribute radius away from the origin. The z-axis orientation
of the open_profile shall be the same as the y-axis orientation of the groove feature.
The x- and y-axis orientations of the open_profile are independent of the orientation
of the groove feature. The groove feature may be defined on different faces of a part
depending on the orientation of the profile.

4.2.4.5 General revolution
The general_revolution is a subtype of revolved_feature that is an arbitrary planar shape swept one complete
revolution about a z-axis. The arbitrary planar shape shall be finite in length, coplanar with the axis of revolution,
and shall not intersect the axis of revolution. The general_revolution may be either an outer shape of a part or a
volume removal, depending on the material direction.
defined by
general_profile
material_side
outer_edge_profile
Y
p
X
p
X
Z
Figure 7: General revolution
ENTITY general_revolution
SUBTYPE OF (revolved_feature);
outer_edge_profile : general_profile;
END_ENTITY;
outer_edge_profile: This attribute describes the shape of a general_revolution using a general_profile.
The placement of the profile shall be along the x-axis of the general_revolution at a
specified distance away from the origin. This distance is expressed with the attribute
radius inherited from the base class.

radius
4.2.5 Knurl
4.2.5.1 General
A knurl is a type of turning_feature which is a scoring pattern consisting of a series of shallow cuts on a cylindrical
surface. In general special tools are used for applying knurls. Each knurl is assigned on the cylindrical surface of
the base feature. The entity knurl is the abstract base class for the following kind of knurls: straight_knurl,
diagonal_knurl, diamond_knurl, and tool_knurl. The knurl’s placement (shown in the figures as co-ordinate system
with index “k”), which is inherited from the entity turning_feature, is relative to the placement of the base feature.
bbaasse_fe_feateatururee
partpartiial_pral_profofileile
ttootooth_h_ddeeptpthh ffililletlet
XX
XX
ZZ
YY
Figure 8: Knurl with basic parameters

ENTITY knurl
ABSTRACT SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(straight_knurl, diagonal_knurl, diamond_knurl,
tool_knurl))
SUBTYPE OF (turning_feature);
base_feature   : turning_feature;
partial_profile : OPTIONAL partial_area_definition;
tooth_depth   : OPTIONAL toleranced_length_measure;
diametral_pitch : OPTIONAL toleranced_length_measure;
root_fillet   : OPTIONAL toleranced_length_measure;
number_of_teeth : OPTIONAL INTEGER;
major_diameter  : OPTIONAL toleranced_length_measure;
nominal_diameter : OPTIONAL toleranced_length_measure;
END_ENTITY;
base_feature : A reference to a feature on which the knurl is applied.
partial_profile : This optional attribute can be used for limiting the area, the knurl is applied on. If
omitted, the length of the base_feature is used.
tooth_depth : The depth from the crest of a tooth to the point where two teeth intersect.
diametral_pitch : The ratio of the nominal_diameter to the number of teeth in the circumference.
root_fillet : The attribute root_fillet specifies the dimension of a radius between teeth on a
knurling tool.
number_of_teeth : The number of teeth in the circumference produced on the part surface. The
number_of_teeth need not be specified for a particular knurl. If nominal_diameter
and diametral_pitch are also given, this attribute has to hold the quotient of
norminal_diameter to diametral_pitch.
major_diameter : The size of the part before a knurl is applied to it.
10 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

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nomnominal_diaminal_diameetteerr

nominal_diameter : The size of the part after a knurl has been applied.

4.2.5.2 Straight knurl
A straight_knurl is a type of knurl in which the knurl scoring i
...